Deck 7: Sustainability-Oriented Socio-Technical Systems in Relation to Transition Theory

Question 1

The goal of sustainability transitions is to:

A) Permanently halt the use of use of oil and gas
B) Create jobs for the unemployed
C) Force people to adhere to a certain belief system when it comes to energy
D) Encourage socio-technical system change

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A sustainability transition requires:

A) Coordinated changes to the subsystems of the regime
B) Radical changes to socio-technical systems
C) Long timeframes
D) Creation or alteration of products/services, business models, and organizations
E) All of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Windows of opportunity in the innovation process do not typically result in the creation and diffusion of new technologies

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following is not a pathway to socio-technical change?

A) Selective
B) Pragmatic
C) Proactive
D) Reactive

Question 5

Actors at a national governance level have the ability to lead or structure a sustainability transition

Question 6

The most important competence for sustainability professionals is ___:

A) Anticipatory competence
B) Interpersonal relations competence
C) Systems thinking competence
D) Strategic competence

Question 7

Review Table 7.1. in the text How many levels of governance can actors interact in during a sustainability transition?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6

Question 8

Socio-technical system change is a function of:

A) Regime and niche actor interaction
B) Intermediary coordination
C) Changes to institutions and infrastructures that are instigated by regime and niche actors and coordinated by intermediaries
D) Changes to institutions and infrastructures

Question 9

Which actor plays the most active and direct role in sustainability transitions and why?

A) Niche actors; they act as a protective space which promotes experimentation and development of new innovations
B) National government; it efficiently organizes key resource flow to establish new markets for innovation
C) Regime actors; they work to change existing institutions from the inside out by supporting powerful coalitions
D) Intermediaries; they are designed to foster innovation, encourage connections between entrepreneurs and policy makers, and scale-up new technologies

Question 10

Many niches are nested within a landscape, and many landscapes are nested within a regime:

Question 11

Which of the following is not a regime subsystem?

A) Financial
B) Science
C) Political
D) Intermediaries
E) All of these are regime subsystems

Question 12

Regime destruction is characterized by:

A) Rapid shocks from the landscape or interventions with strategies and instruments that aim to change the nature and extent of interactions between the subsystems
B) Change occurring over a slow, evolutionary process
C) Rapid shocks from the niche or interventions with strategies and instruments that aim to change the nature and extent of interactions between the subsystems
D) The elimination of an entire regime, forcing individuals to completely construct a new one

Question 13

Niche creation processes include:

A) Regime empowerment strategies
B) Landscape experiments
C) Firm interaction at the regime level with a large investment of human and financial capital
D) Niche experiments and niche empowerment strategies

Question 14

The process that leads to the creation and diffusion of technological, social, or policy innovations is termed _________.

A) Sustainable regime experiments
B) Sustainable niche experiments
C) Sustainable incubator experiments
D) Sustainable accelerator experiments

Question 15

This strategy for niche development suggests that within the wider social world the rules of the game need to be changed:

A) Fit-and-conform
B) Expand-and-realign
C) Stretch-and-transform
D) None of the above

Question 16

A challenge for green innovation is creating a protective environment for new technologies and entrepreneurs

Question 17

Which of the following is a possible consequence of high levels of niche protection?

A) Complacency and vulnerability in the marketplace
B) A competitive advantage over similar firms
C) Inability of a firm to function by itself without support
D) There are no consequences to high levels of niche protection

Question 18

Niche creation, empowerment, protection, and nurturing can all be facilitated by groups of actors within what?

A) An intermediary organization
B) A government-led innovation program
C) An incubator
D) A transition arena

Question 19

How many phases exist within the process of strategic niche management

A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10

Question 20

Which of the following are alternative interactive mechanisms when a formal transition arena is not possible?

A) Niche-to-niche interaction
B) Regime-to-niche interaction
C) Niche-to-regime interaction
D) Regime-to-regime interaction
E) All of the above

Question 21

Regime actors can encourage and support niche experiments

Question 22

Carbon dioxide made up ___ % of total greenhouse gas emissions in 2015?

A) 0.5
B) 0.6
C) 0.8
D) 0.9

Question 23

Which of the following options are not landscape level processes?

A) Broad economic restructuring
B) Environmental and demographic change
C) City funding for research and development
D) Shifts in political ideology
E) Cultural developments