Deck 8: Crime, Place and Space

Question 1

Oscar Newman (1972) used the concept of ´defensible space´ in the 1970s to argue that it was possible to modify the built environment to reduce the opportunity for crime and to promote community responsibility.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Beccaria and Bentham contributed to the _____________ era which introduced the thought offenders are rational, free willed, and calculating.

A)Rational Choice
B)Dark ages
C)21st Century
D)Enlightenment

Answer 2

D

Question 3

______________'s book entitled Discipline and Punish discussed the brutal execution of a French man for murder and the brutal punishment of the body during this time.

A)Cesare Lombroso
B)Travis Hirschi
C)Michel Foucault
D)Robert Merton

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Bentham's ___________ refers to an institution designed to "see all" in order to increase surveillance of those incarcerated or otherwise watched over.

A)conventional design
B)panopticon design
C)militaristic design
D)political design

Question 5

Burgess´s ´zonal theory of urban development´ suggested that Chicago - and other large cities - was structured around five concentric circles. Which of these are correct?

A)central business district zone
B)the slum zone
C)immigrant zone
D)zone in transition
E)suburban zone

Question 6

What are the three stages to consider when thinking about crime spatially?

A)Where it takes place
B)When it takes place
C)How places can be altered
D)How it takes place
E)How we come to know about space and crime

Question 7

The Home Office have analysed crime risk by ACORN areas. In which areas are the two types of household at most risk of being a victim of crime (vehicle theft, burglary and violence)?

A)Urban prosperous
B)Successful suburbs
C)City sophisticates
D)Poorer pensioners
E)Hard pressed

Question 8

Why is the concept of urban flight or ´white flight´ relevant to criminological discussions on defensible space?

Question 9

The task of policing the night has become heavily privatized through bouncers and other forms of private security (Hobbs et al., 2003) but continues to have a signficant impact on public services. Why is this?

Question 10

________________ theory argues poor densely populated areas, highly transient neighborhoods and commercial areas with residential poverty in close proximity are deviant places.

A)Crime Pattern
B)Crime Place
C)Rational Crime Choice
D)Deviant Place
E)Routine Activities

Question 11

What percentage of the PADS sample were responsible for 47% of all self-reported crime in the study period?

A)0.01
B)0.04
C)0.15
D)0.2
E)0.25

Question 12

The Intruders are former gang members who disrupt violence in their neighborhoods in the surrounding Chicago area as it happens.

Question 13

Victim surveys allowed ´area victimization rates´ (the level of offences against a particular group in a particular area) to be compared with ´area house prices´ (average house prices in a particular area)

Question 14

According to the 80/20 Rule:
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER. READ CAREFULLY.

A)a small number of offenders (20%) are victimized by other offenders for a large number of total victimization (80%)
B)Crime cannot be assessed using crime pattern theory because although common sense would tell us crime is highly concentrated, it is in fact not highly concentrated on particular people, places, and things.
C)Crime is highly concentrated on particular people, places, and things.
D)A large number of offenders (80%) are responsible for a small number of crimes (20%)

Question 15

_______________ is defined as a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action.

A)Offender
B)Victim
C)Motivated Victim
D)Handlers

Question 16

The System Abuse of Violent Crimes does NOT include:

A)Callous handling of victims by police.
B)Holding of personal property for evidence.
C)Rape victims mostly report being treated fairly and justly in their assessments of victimization.
D)Economic hardships due to trials and other requirements in order to achieve justice.

Question 17

Which of the following can be said of the nature of victimization:

A)Males are less likely to be violent victimized by strangers than females.
B)Females are more likely to be victimized by strangers than other groups such as friends or intimate partners.
C)Substance abuse is involved in about one-third of violent crime incidents.
D)Women are less likely to be robbed and raped by known acquaintances.

Question 18

According to Home Office figures how many local authorities have robbery rates of more than three times the average for England and Wales?

A)10
B)16
C)18
D)22
E)24

Question 19

_______________ theory would argue that those who lead lives of drinking and drug using are more likely to be victimized as this is considered high risk lifestyles.

A)Rational Choice
B)Crime Pattern
C)Victim-precipitated
D)Lifestyle

Question 20

Community safety is identified as an important element in any kind of neighbourhood regeneration but why do some say this isn´t enough?