Deck 2: Stages, Processes, and Procedures in School-Based Consultation

Question 1

What is the central goal of school consultation?

A) Support or empower the consultee in improving his or her skills
B) Prepare the consultee to solve problems independently in the future
C) Enhance the functioning and welfare of students
D) None of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Researchers have emphasized the importance of consultation as a(n) _______ approach in meeting the needs of children, families, and schools.

A) intervention
B) preventative
C) direct
D) all of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

During the assessment stage of the consultative process, consultee characteristics, the immediate and larger environment, and characteristics of the client are examined in regards to the ___________.

A) presenting problem
B) objectives
C) behavior consequences
D) intervention

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Consultation sessions fall on a continuum from collaborative to ________, and, from directive to ____________.

A) domineering; nondirective
B) coercive; nondirective
C) coercive; disjointed
D) domineering; disjointed

Question 5

How can computers and networks be helpful during the consultation process?

A) For recordkeeping
B) For analysis of data
C) For exchange of information
D) All of the above

Question 6

Those who study relational communication emphasize that the ________ of the message exchange, rather than the message content, dictate the nature of relationships.

A) persuasiveness
B) form
C) process
D) both B and C

Question 7

What issues are typically addressed during the implementation stage of the consultative process?

A) Roles and responsibilities of implementing the intervention
B) Identification of potential reinforcers
C) Determination of the time and day the intervention should be implemented
D) All of the above

Question 8

When does termination of the consultation relationship typically occur?

A) After the intervention implementation has been completed
B) When the consultative relationship is no longer effective
C) When the consultant and consultee agree that the established goals have been attained by the consultee or client
D) By the agreed upon date discussed at the outset of the consultation process

Question 9

Which stage does research suggest is the most important in the consultative process and most predictive of outcomes?

A) Problem-definition stage
B) Assessment stage
C) Implementation stage
D) Intervention selection stage

Question 10

Research is suggestive of the utility of matching consultation approaches to teachers' expectations in order to maximize _______ and __________.

A) intervention acceptability; student progress
B) perceived consultant effectiveness; intervention acceptability
C) student progress; perceived consultant effectiveness
D) problem analysis; intervention acceptability

Question 11

Which of the following is not an improvement associated with the use of teleconsultation in rural communities specifically?

A) Effective practice
B) Reduced travel time for consultants
C) Interventions developed through teleconsultation were moderately to highly effective
D) Teleconsultation was rated as high in feasibility and acceptability

Question 12

Baseline data should address the ______ of the problem/behavior.

A) frequency, duration, and/or intensity
B) consequences
C) antecedents
D) all of the above

Question 13

The success of consultation seemingly depends strongly on consultants' ability to:

A) enforce systemic change
B) implement evidence-based interventions
C) influence the behavior of other adults
D) improve student behavior

Question 14

Which of the following is true in regards to bases of power?

A) Hard bases of power are direct and coercive
B) Soft bases of power reflect typical perceptions of power
C) Soft bases of power restrict autonomy
D) None of the above

Question 15

The duration of effective professional learning should include at least __ hours of training in order to reach a basic knowledge base.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 16

During the problem identification stage, teacher interviews should cover specific areas. Which of the following is not one of the five areas specified in the reading?

A) Identifying the antecedent determinants of the identified problem behavior
B) Establishment of a cooperative consultative partnership
C) Identifying the available resources
D) Assessing the relevant variables within the environment

Question 17

Teachers do not rate consultation as being their preferred method of service and find consultation as being only moderately effective in changing clients' behavior. What factors have been found to mediate this relationship?

A) Increased teaching experience is predictive of less interest in engaging in consultation
B) Teachers with high problem-solving skills are more likely to seek out consultative services
C) When teachers choose consultation as an intervention, they still want consultants to provide direct services to a student with problem behavior if the educators perceive the consultation as successful
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following was not found to be a statistically significant source of impediments to successful consultation?

A) The school principal's support for consultation
B) Classroom management/discipline efficacy
C) Teacher-school psychologist similarity
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which form of consultation is most likely to lead to successful outcomes?

A) Collaborative-directive
B) Collaborative-disjointed
C) Collaborative-nondirective
D) Both A and C

Question 20

After implementation of the intervention(s), the __________ of the intervention must be explored.

A) generalization
B) effectiveness
C) fading
D) all of the above

Question 21

Briefly describe the typical relationship between the consultant, consultee, and client.

Question 22

When selecting interventions, what should consultants consider?

Question 23

Identify four limitations associated with teleconsultation that have been discussed in the literature.

Question 24

What are the four steps in the consultative problem-solving process?

Question 25

Identify two to three barriers to consultation as perceived by classroom teachers.

Question 26

Little research fully explains the practitioner characteristics that allow consultants to be successful. However, some researchers have identified key attributes. Discuss some of the identified key attributes and teacher expectations associated with effective consultants.

Question 27

Supporting teacher change can occur through professional learning (PL), in which consultants can introduce and support new educator behaviors, competencies, and dispositions. What are some common features of PL according to the educational literature?

Question 28

There has been inadequate rigorous research on the use of teleconsultation. However, several studies discuss the benefits and limitations associated with teleconsultation. What are the benefits/limitations that have been identified? Can you think of other benefits and limitations that expanded use of teleconsultation may bring?

Question 29

One area of consideration before engaging in school consultation includes the importance of consultants to be aware of issues specific to teachers' perceptions of student problems. According to the literature, to what do many teachers attribute student problems? How will this affect the acceptability of various intervention strategies?

Question 30

Kelley (2004) argues that consultees (i.e., teachers) should receive increased training in the process of consultation rather than focusing solely on the development of the consultant's skills. What are the benefits of teaching interdisciplinary consultation courses? How will this affect the outcomes of school-based consultation?

Question 31

Why is it important for both novice and seasoned consultants to consider the power of social influence in the consultation relationship? Why should the influence of communication style also be considered?

Question 32

Explain the ethical considerations that are important during the consultative process. What is the importance of each ethical consideration and how can the consultation process be negatively impacted without those considerations?