Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

The authors of the text use two analogies to explain why there are so many counseling theories. What are the two analogies?

A) the story of the blind men and the elephant
B) a hologram
C) the story of the eagle and the mouse
D) A and B only
E) A and C only

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Of the following choices, which do the text authors not mention as a potential disadvantage of viewing clients through the perceptual filter of a counseling theory?

A) missing important information
B) dismissing important information
C) misinterpreting important information
D) denying important information
E) inventing important information

Answer 2

E

Question 3

According to the chapter, which of the following client characteristics contraindicate brief therapy and/or predict a lower likelihood of success in longer term therapy?

A) passivity in the counseling process
B) hostility
C) history of abuse
D) A and B only
E) B and C only

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Clients who achieve beneficial outcomes in counseling and maintain progress

A) play an active role in the counseling process.
B) have between 5 and 10 counseling sessions.
C) expect and prepare for temporary setbacks.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 5

Which of the following do the text authors not mention as an extratherapeutic factor affecting a positive outcome in psychotherapy?

A) client's motivation to change
B) client's ability to use self-help and community resources
C) client's educational background
D) client's ability to tolerate and manage emotional pain
E) client's ego strength

Question 6

Concerning the kind of counselor/client relationship associated with positive outcome in psychotherapy,

A) the client exerts the most influence on the relationship.
B) counselors must set appropriate limits.
C) counselors establish and maintain warm and empathic interactions with the client.
D) all of the above
E) B and C only

Question 7

Concerning the influences of genetics versus environment on individuals' personalities,

A) genetics explains more variance in personality traits than environment does.
B) environment explains more variance than genetics.
C) both genetics and environment account equally for variance.
D) genetic influence is constant and cannot be modified by environment.
E) shared experiences have greater effect than unique experiences on individuals.

Question 8

According to the text authors, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) favor

A) group therapy.
B) brief therapy.
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D) A and B only
E) B and C only

Question 9

Which of the following factors had the least influence on the counseling theories presented in this book?

A) Western culture
B) Eastern culture
C) Religion
D) Gender of theorist
E) Date of formulation of theory

Question 10

Match the lettered choices of axes in the DSM-IV-TR to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-mental retardation

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V

Question 11

Match the lettered choices of axes in the DSM-IV-TR to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-personality disorders

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V

Question 12

Match the lettered choices of axes in the DSM-IV-TR to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-psychotic disorders

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V

Question 13

Match the lettered choices of axes in the DSM-IV-TR to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-adjustment disorders

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V

Question 14

Match the lettered choices of axes in the DSM-IV-TR to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-general medical conditions

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V

Question 15

Match the lettered choices of stages in personal theory development to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Apply theory with clients under supervision

A) Exploration Stage
B) Integration Stage
C) Examination Stage
D) Personalization Stage
E) Introspection Stage

Question 16

Match the lettered choices of stages in personal theory development to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Technical eclecticism may become fitting

A) Exploration Stage
B) Integration Stage
C) Examination Stage
D) Personalization Stage
E) Introspection Stage

Question 17

Match the lettered choices of stages in personal theory development to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Clarification of one's own values

A) Exploration Stage
B) Integration Stage
C) Examination Stage
D) Personalization Stage
E) Introspection Stage

Question 18

Match the lettered choices of stages in personal theory development to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Anxiety usually occurs

A) Exploration Stage
B) Integration Stage
C) Examination Stage
D) Personalization Stage
E) Introspection Stage

Question 19

Match the lettered choices of stages in personal theory development to each of the items below. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Primary resources are studied

A) Exploration Stage
B) Integration Stage
C) Examination Stage
D) Personalization Stage
E) Introspection Stage

Question 20

The beliefs of each counseling theory in some way ____________ the beliefs of every other theory.

A) influence
B) support
C) contradict
D) complement
E) discredit

Question 21

Which of the following terms does not describe the three major worldviews to which humans adhere?

A) Western
B) scientific
C) intuitive
D) Eastern
E) monotheistic

Question 22

Which of the following is not an example of an extratherapeutic factor?

A) the client's superego strength
B) the quality of the client's social support
C) the client's motivation to change
D) the severity of the client's problem
E) the client's ability to identify a focal problem

Question 23

According to research findings, what environmental factor(s) would have the greatest effect on personality traits?

A) serious personal illness
B) parenting style
C) shared interactions with siblings
D) all of the above
E) B and C only

Question 24

The following traits are shared characteristics of the founding theorists that the authors mentioned in this text, with the exception of

A) race.
B) socioeconomic status.
C) sexual orientation.
D) Judeo-Christian religion.
E) gender.

Question 25

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the second largest population projected for the year 2015 is

A) Asian/Pacific Islander-American.
B) Native-American.
C) African-American.
D) Hispanic-American.
E) Anglo-American.

Question 26

Regarding theoretical perspective, the text authors assert that it is possible for counselors to be

A) atheoretical.
B) both atheoretical and rationale-based.
C) nonconscious of their guiding theory.
D) both internally consistent and polytheoretical.
E) any of the above

Question 27

Research has shown psychotherapy to be effective. Match each numbered item below, a specific factor associated with positive outcome in psychotherapy, with a lettered item, percentage of influence attributed to that factor. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Client's expectations of improvement

A) 65%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
E) 10%

Question 28

Research has shown psychotherapy to be effective. Match each numbered item below, a specific factor associated with positive outcome in psychotherapy, with a lettered item, percentage of influence attributed to that factor. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Therapeutic relationship

A) 65%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
E) 10%

Question 29

Research has shown psychotherapy to be effective. Match each numbered item below, a specific factor associated with positive outcome in psychotherapy, with a lettered item, percentage of influence attributed to that factor. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Extratherapeutic factors

A) 65%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
E) 10%

Question 30

Research has shown psychotherapy to be effective. Match each numbered item below, a specific factor associated with positive outcome in psychotherapy, with a lettered item, percentage of influence attributed to that factor. A lettered item may be the correct answer more than once or not at all.
-Techniques used by a therapist

A) 65%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%
E) 10%