Deck 12: Industry and Services

Question 1

Regarding capital flows to Europe in 1775,Lisbon is to S.America and Asia as ____________ is to the Caribbean and S.America)

A)London
B)Bordeaux
C)Cadiz
D)Nantes

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in,or move to,the same area the factor is called

A)cluster.
B)focus.
C)agglomeration.
D)intensity.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Who actually laid the groundwork for the colonial expansion of Europe?

A)the British Government
B)the French Government
C)Europe's commercial companies
D)Europe's military forces

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The relocation of industry to cities like Paris and London was facilitated by

A)their location in coalfields.
B)government grants.
C)low cost of urban labor.
D)development of railroads.

Question 5

When Alfred Weber published his book Theory of the Location of Industries (1909),what did he select as the critical determinant of regional industrial location?

A)availability of labor
B)nearby markets
C)costs of labor
D)transportation costs

Question 6

Burning coal in a near vacuum produced a much hotter burning,pure carbon fuel called:

A)super coal.
B)coke.
C)charcoal.
D)Bessemer fuel.

Question 7

The first power source of the Industrial Revolution was

A)running water.
B)steam engines.
C)electricity.
D)windmills.

Question 8

Saxony is to Germany in the 1860s as ____________ is to Ukraine and Russia in the 1880s.

A)Austria
B)the Donbas
C)the Black Sea
D)Selesia

Question 9

Nearly ______% of long-distance cargo is now shipped in standard containers.

A)90
B)50
C)25
D)70

Question 10

British investors and businesses held a near monopoly over __________________________

A)international transportation.
B)the sources of raw materials.
C)the manufacture of products that were in demand.
D)all available labor.

Question 11

Industry diffusing to Western Europe involved,as in Britain,the locational criteria: coalfields,water communication,and ____________

A)iron ore.
B)markets.
C)labor.
D)ports.

Question 12

Which cost of Weber's has changed the most today since his writing?

A)agglomeration
B)the location of raw materials.
C)transportation.
D)weight of products.

Question 13

In the early eighteenth century,British textiles were manufactured

A)in India.
B)early rural factories.
C)in large urban factories.
D)in homes on hand looms.

Question 14

In Britain,the proximity of what three things gave an unsurpassed advantage to the development of early industry?

A)forests for charcoal, domestic markets, and iron ores
B)coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports
C)an internal railroad system, cotton for textiles, and domestic markets
D)good highways, coal fields, and coastal ports

Question 15

The first commercial railroad in England was opened in

A)1750.
B)1800.
C)1830.
D)1875.

Question 16

Some industrial regions emerge because of their raw materials combinations.Which of the following is not an example of such a region?

A)the Ruhr
B)Saxony
C)the Donbas
D)London

Question 17

________________ are considered secondary industrial hearths.

A)Italy and Spain
B)South Korea and Taiwan
C)Northeast North America and western Russia
D)Brazil and Argentina

Question 18

The Ruhr industrial area is connected to the port of Rotterdam by

A)railroads.
B)cart roads.
C)the Rhine River.
D)the North Sea.

Question 19

In 1925,one area of Boston had sales offices for over _____ shoe factories.

A)300
B)100
C)25
D)3

Question 20

The increase in time and cost with distance is referred to as

A)production costs.
B)distribution costs.
C)friction of distance.
D)distance decay.

Question 21

The Marco Polo is a container ship designed to fit through

A)the Suez Canal
B.the Suzhou Canal
C.the Panama Canal
D.the canals of Venice

Question 22

Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as:

A)Fordist.
B)manufacturing.
C)global production.
D)mass production.

Question 23

Raw materials play an important role in industrial location.In the northeastern United States,what is the orientation of this industry?

A)in the mountains where the iron ore is located
B)in the interior for good rail connections
C)along major rivers for a water supply
D)along the coast to facilitate imports of iron ore

Question 24

After World War I,this region produced much of the coal needed to help the then Soviet Union industrialize.

A)Krivoy Rog
B)Siberia
C)Ukraine
D)Kuzbas

Question 25

Japan's dominant industrial region is

A)Kitakyushu.
B)Toyama.
C)Kanto Plain.
D)Kansai.

Question 26

_______________ is a city on the Pearl Delta with a huge textile plant providing opportunities for its workers.While they are required to work nine hours a day at a set amount,many work more hours and are compensated by items produced during those hours.

A)Hong Kong
B)Humen
C)Shanghai
D)Macao

Question 27

____________ still ranks among the world's leading producers of both coal and steel.

A)Japan
B)Egypt
C)Germany
D)South Korea

Question 28

New York City,like other large urban centers with great ports,is called a break of bulk location because

A)plentiful labor is available to unload massive cargo ships.
B)markets are readily available for shipped goods.
C)large dock warehouses are available where goods can be stored until sold.
D)transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another.

Question 29

On August 15,2010 ___________ surpassed Japan as the world's second largest economy

A)India
B)the United States
C)South Korea
D)China

Question 30

___________ describes a field of study that considers the roles of political economics, power, and history in shaping human environmental interactions.

A)Geopolitics
B)Politics
C)Political ecology
D)Economics

Question 31

In which major world manufacturing country does industry not lie near sources of raw material?

A)China
B)Japan
C)India
D)the United States

Question 32

This area is one of Russia's oldest manufacturing centers.

A)Ukraine
B)Volga
C)Urals
D)St. Petersburg

Question 33

___________has the title of Special Administrative District,which gives it a great deal of autonomy.

A)Shanghai
B)Tibet
C)Hong Kong
D)Taiwan

Question 34

________________ involves keeping a small inventory for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly as needed.

A)Just in time delivery.
B)Least Cost Theory.
C)Fordist production.
D)Global division of labor.

Question 35

One of Europe's largest industrial complexes is

A)the Ruhr.
B)British Midlands.
C)Silesia.
D)all of the above.

Question 36

Manufacturing in North America began in _____ as early as late colonial times.

A)New York
B)Boston
C)Philadelphia
D)New England

Question 37

In the United States,most interstate oil pipelines originate:

A)in Pennsylvania.
B)in New Mexico.
C)along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas and Louisiana.
D)in the Appalachian Mountains.

Question 38

What advantages does India have that signal continued economic growth?

A)a growing middle class
B)a large labor force
C)hydroelectric potential
D)all of the above

Question 39

The Rust Belt is to the United States as the ___________ is to China)

A)Kanto Plain
B)Shanghai Basin
C)Northeast District
D)Nanchang Region

Question 40

Industrialization occurred along an axis from Northern France through North-Central Germany to Czech Republic and South Poland.This axis correlates with________ as a locational factor.

A)population
B)coalfields
C)major ports
D)the trend of the drainage system

Question 41

Fast,flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as:

A)Fordist.
B)post-Fordist.
C)socialist.
D)colonial production.

Question 42

By 1990,the only American company that was making color television sets was

A)Motorola.
B)Zenith.
C)General Electric)
D)Toshiba.

Question 43

High-technology corridors have sprung up in the global economic core.The resulting collection of high-tech industries has been called a technopole with the best known being California's "Silicon Valley." A similar concentration has appeared around the city of ______________ in the eastern United States.

A)New York
B)Philadelphia
C)Richmond
D)Boston

Question 44

Television research and design takes place in the

A)core area.
B)periphery.
C)semi-periphery.
D)universities of India and China.

Question 45

Service industries are commonly referred to as _____ industries.

A)tertiary
B)secondary
C)quaternary
D)quinary

Question 46

Current amounts of goods and resources moving in the global system would be impossible without the invention of

A)aircraft.
B)container systems.
C)bulk cargo ships.
D)railroads.

Question 47

Which country has no major oil reserves?

A)Netherlands
B)Russia
C)United States
D)India

Question 48

The most important locational factor for the service sector is

A)energy.
B)transportation.
C)market.
D)labor.

Question 49

During the 1970s,U.S.television manufacturers began to move productions "offshore" to places such as special zones on the Mexican border called

A)industrial cities.
B)peripheral production zones.
C)technopoles.
D)maquiladoras.

Question 50

In 2014,Saudi Arabia and _____________ were the world's two largest oil producers.

A)Iran
B)Iraq
C)Mexico
D)the United States

Question 51

Technopoles,a collection of high-technology industries,can be found in a number of countries.Which of the following is not a region containing one of these countries?

A)Eastern Asia
B)Africa
C)Australia
D)North America

Question 52

Fayetteville,Arkansas has become a ________________ because of Wal-Mart.

A)break-of-bulk point
B)techno pole
C)growth pole
D)the most polluted city in America

Question 53

Between 1940 and the early 1960s,China's industrial growth was aided by

A)Soviet planners.
B)the location of raw materials.
C)improved transportation.
D)the distribution of the work force.

Question 54

China's "Pittsburgh" is

A)Shenyang.
B)Shanghai.
C)Hong Kong.
D)Beijing.

Question 55

The second largest industrial district in China developed around _______,China's largest city.

A)Beijing
B)Shanghai
C)Tianjin
D)Xianggang

Question 56

People working in the ___________ sector of economic activity tend to have high levels of specialized knowledge or technical skills.

A)quaternary
B)tertiary
C)secondary
D)primary

Question 57

The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is

A)technical design.
B)labor-intensive.
C)low-labor needs.
D)high-tech.

Question 58

U.S.production of oil in recent years' averages ____% of the world's total.

A)25
B)18
C)8
D)10

Question 59

Technopoles tend to locate near

A)raw materials.
B)cheap labor.
C)electricity supplies.
D)centers of research and development (major research universities).

Question 60

Over 50% of the goods entering Europe come through two ports in

A)Luxembourg.
B)Belgium.
C)Netherlands.
D)Germany.

Question 61

Industry actually developed long before the Industrial Revolution.

Question 62

Production of mass numbers of products is concentrated in the periphery and semi-periphery.

Question 63

The cast iron bridge at Coalbrookdale,England,reflects the resources and technology of its time.

Question 64

Describe the American Manufacturing Belt.When and how did this region develop? What impact has post-Fordism and deindustrialization had on this region?

Question 65

Most of China's recent industrial growth feeds the growing domestic market.

Question 66

St.Petersburg is one of Russia's oldest manufacturing centers.

Question 67

Weber's industrial location theory considered labor to be the most important cost.

Question 68

Over 360 regional trade organizations are in existence today.

Question 69

Much of the Ruhr area has been converted from abandoned steel mills to tourist attractions.

Question 70

Technopoles locate near major universities and centers of research and development.

Question 71

What is outsourcing? What is offshore production? Choose an industry (televisions,Nike shoes,etc.)and discuss the global division of labor.

Question 72

Analyze Weber's Least Cost theory.Be sure to include what his theory entails,and if it still holds true today.

Question 73

After World War I,Russia annexed Bosnia for its resources.

Question 74

China is a major recipient of industrial work outsourced from other countries.

Question 75

Japan has developed its industrial economy due to its abundant supplies of coal and iron ore.

Question 76

Ford's River Rouge plant is an example of vertical integration.

Question 77

The Seto Inland Sea is an important route-way and focal point of Japan's industry.

Question 78

The northeast industrial region of China (Shenyang)is today growing faster than other industrial regions in China)

Question 79

Describe where the Industrial Revolution began? Analyze the conditions that supported its development.To what areas of Europe did the revolution spread and why?

Question 80

The shift from coal to oil explains the recent industrialization of the Middle East.