Deck 20: Food and Justice, Alison Hope Alkonconclusion

Question 1

1) When public and private entities refuse services to neighborhoods based on their racial and ethnic makeup, it is called:

A) bluelining.
B) redlining.
C) prioritizing.
D) disincentivizing.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

2) While a definition of food justice is still emergent, it can be described as

A) the concept that the people producing, distributing, and consuming food should control these processes.
B) ready access by all members of a household to nutritionally adequate and safe food.
C) the struggle against racism, exploitation, and oppression taking place within the food system.
D) access to courts in order enforce the rule of law on food production.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

3) Industrial agriculture has created class-based inequalities through

A) centralization, where a few large farm operators become wealthy while many others are forced out of business.
B) government subsidies and loans that have primarily aided large corporations.
C) US government loan programs that have been disproportionately available to white male farmers.
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

4) The economic and social effects of economic consolidation on rural communities include

A) well-funded schools, prosperity, and community solidarity.
B) a high degree of equality across races, income and gender.
C) food security and healthy, culturally appropriate food for all.
D) an absence of solidarity, leadership, prosperity, and adequate education facilities.

Question 5

5) The "the immigrant subsidy in US agriculture," means which of the following?

A) the ways that US government subsidizes immigrants.
B) the ways that immigrants status inhibits their abilities to procure fair wages and benefits and thus, benefits industrial agriculture.
C) the ways that US government subsidizes commodity crops.
D) the ways immigrants take jobs from native Americans.

Question 6

6) The foundational values of the contemporary alternative food movement include

A) implementation of industrialized agricultural practices.
B) support for urban agricultural in low-income neighborhoods.
C) land stewardship, reverence for nature and cooperative relationships between people.
D) affordable food for all people.

Question 7

7) According to the lesson, what is the primary difference between the "food justice movement" and "community food security"?

A) The food justice movement's emphasis on food security in the Global South.
B) The food justice movement focuses on food access in low-income communities of color.
C) The food justice movement emphasizes supporting farmers.
D) All of the above

Question 8

8) Recently food justice movement activists have worked in coalition with farmworker and food labor organizations, as farmworkers are

A) powerful actors in the food system.
B) well paid and well fed due to their early organization through the United Farmworkers Union, and thus well positioned to change the food system.
C) underpaid and mistreated, and often suffer from hunger and diet-related disease.
D) because their high wages are affecting the ability of low-income people to purchase food.

Question 9

9) People in marginalized low-income communities face difficulties purchasing local, organic, and fresh foods. This is because

A) such foods are labor intensive, have higher production costs and thus, tend to be more expensive.
B) federal agricultural subsidies bolster the production of commodity crops for processed foods, while fruits and vegetables receive minimal subsidies.
C) there is often less access to produce in low-income communities and communities of color.
D) All of above

Question 10

10) The lack of fresh produce in communities of color is a result of

A) longstanding processes of disinvestment.
B) historic eating patterns of racial minority groups.
C) personal preferences for processed foods.
D) All of the above

Question 11

11) Which of the following statements regarding the sustainable agriculture movement is not correct?

A) Scholars have argued that farmers' markets and other spaces where sustainable agriculture is practiced are culturally coded as white.
B) Scholars argue that sustainable agriculture and the U.S.'s agrarian past tend to be far more easily romanticized by whites than others.
C) There is cultural barrier that suggests low-income societal members and communities of color feel that the sustainable agriculture movement is not for them.
D) Sustainable agriculture is a high priority for all societal members, regardless of one's socioeconomic class, gender, race, and ethnicity.

Question 12

12) Scholars have argued that farmers' markets and other spaces where sustainable agriculture is practiced are

A) diverse and welcoming to all races, classes, and genders.
B) subversive and anti-establishment leading to middle-class white consumers feeling uncomfortable.
C) culturally coded as white, because they are primarily and disproportionately frequented by whites.
D) culturally resonant with low-income and people of color.

Question 13

13) Many white-led, well-funded and well-established food organizations have sought to expand their work on access to healthy foods into communities of color. However,

A) activists of color argue that when policy and programmatic goals are shaped by "outsiders" who do not live in affected communities, they tend to be less effective.
B) the government programs enacted in the 1930s restrict funding for these efforts even today and thus, require grassroots movements to change the laws.
C) the number of communities that need access to healthy foods is so overwhelming that they do not know where to begin.
D) the neoliberal ideology of the last 40 years has favored individualistic solutions sand thus, communities of color are not welcoming of such efforts.

Question 14

14) Which of the following statements is correct regarding food justice activism?

A) Research demonstrates that demographic matching can overcome barriers communities of color face in accessing healthy foods.
B) Leadership from communities of color is necessary for developing approaches that will resonate with the members of these communities.
C) Leadership from communities of color itself is able to address the geographic and economic barriers to fresh food.
D) Regardless of the race or gender of the leadership, well-funded organizations are the only means to successfully increase access to fresh produce in communities of color.

Question 15

15) Which of the following is incorrect about farm-to-institution programs?

A) They support the purchase of fresh, local food in cafeterias at hospitals, senior centers, and city offices.
B) They allow individuals to access fresh food without having to opt in through personal purchasing decisions.
C) They tend to purchase from small farms at the local level and provide such farms with an important source of revenue.
D) They tend to require higher food safety standards and thus, most small farms at local levels cannot participate.

Question 16

16) From the perspective of food justice activists, it is important to

A) focus solely on changes in the production and distribution of food.
B) focus on single issues, such as eliminating food deserts.
C) transform not only the food system, but also the social, political, and economic systems in which it is embedded.
D) increase the productivity of the food system to ensure all people are food secure.

Question 17

17) In coalitions with labor activists, food justice activists work to

A) increase the minimum wage to $15 per hour.
B) automate jobs in the food systems to remove people from exploitative jobs.
C) eliminate migrant workers from food system jobs in order to raise pay for U.S. workers.
D) All of the above

Question 18

18) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the food justice movement?

A) It only focuses on food security.
B) It only focuses on farming.
C) It focus on all aspects of food systems from production to consumption.
D) It is only with issues pertaining to with racial minorities.

Question 19

19) Food justice activists work in coalitions with

A) labor organizations.
B) the Movement Black Lives.
C) advocates for immigrant rights.
D) All of the above.

Question 20

20) Which of the following statements regarding the food justice movement and gender is correct?

A) The food justice movement has articulated a feminist vision of food justice.
B) The food justice movement has not articulated a feminist vision of food justice.
C) The food justice movement advocates a return to the kitchen by women.
D) The food justice movement has devoted significant resources to combating the underrepresentation of women in the food system.

Question 21

1. Identify and explain in in equality in industrial agriculture.

Question 22

2. Identify and explain one barrier that marginalized communities face to consuming fresh produce.

Question 23

3. Explain how farm-to-school programs can increase food justice.

Question 24

1. Write an essay that examines tensions surrounding the notion of "demographic matching" and food justice. First, explain the concept of demographic matching. Second, examine whether policies and programmatic goals can only be shaped by the members of affected communities or whether "outsiders" can develop meaningful policies and programs.

Question 25

2. Write an essay that examines the food justice movement. First, define the food justice movement and explain the inequalities it is fighting against. Second, discuss the possibilities and limitation of food justice movement to achieve its objectives.