Deck 18: Getting to Food Sovereignty Locally in a Globalized World, Hannah Wittman

Question 1

1) Food sovereignty is defined as

A) the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems.
B) food security on a global scale.
C) availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic food stuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption.
D) when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

3) Sociologists argue that people's ability to access food is a function of their rights and opportunities, which means that

A) hunger is a social and economic problem.
B) hunger is a technical problem of producing enough food.
C) hunger is a problem of inefficient distribution.
D) hunger is a problem of poor decision-making by individuals.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

4) Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs), which have been imposed on many developing countries, by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, required

A) that low-income countries take measures to reduce trade barriers and other protection measures.
B) the elimination of agricultural subsidies.
C) the privatization of public services.
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

5) Which of the following is a way that farmers in the global south have been impacted by Structural Adjustment Programmes?

A) Drops in prices for crops and livestock
B) Increased prices as more farmers began to export their products
C) Increased subsidies to enable them to export to markets in the global north.
D) Greater competition as people began to return to farming because of the higher prices for agriculture products

Question 5

6) The cost-price is squeeze is when

A) new regulations impose greater costs on farmers.
B) the costs of inputs increase the price farmers receive for their products decreases.
C) environmental conditions, such as drought, increases the costs of farmers.
D) Structural Adjustment Programmes lower agricultural subsidies and increase competition.

Question 6

7) _______ is a transnational advocacy network.

A) United Nations
B) World Bank
C) La Vía Campesina
D) All of the above

Question 7

8) The Managua Declaration called attention to all of the following except for

A) negative impacts of neoliberal polices on farmers.
B) the importance of farm communities to society.
C) participation of farmers in the policy process.
D) free trade policies to facilitate farmer access to export markets.

Question 8

9) Biocultural heritage refers to

A) the right of communities to save, exchange, and develop locally adapted seed varieties.
B) the appropriation of germplasm by agribusiness input companies.
C) the privatization of seed varieties by agribusiness companies.
D) the way farming is both a biological and cultural practice.

Question 9

10) The 2007 Nyeleni Summit

A) institutionalized food sovereignty as governmental policy.
B) identified the pillars of food sovereignty.
C) endorsed the WTO free trade regime for agriculture.
D) shifted the focus of La Vía Campesina towards the objective of food security.

Question 10

11) As a concept, food sovereignty is based on which of the following principles?

A) Free markets and trade
B) Equitable empowerment and reciprocal responsibility
C) Nationalism and self-sufficiency
D) Innovation and institutionalization

Question 11

12) Redistributive policies, market interventions, public procurement and government price floor programs are all examples of

A) neoliberal policies to reform agriculture.
B) policies to agribusiness expansion.
C) unfair agricultural policies used by countries in the Global North.
D) ways that food sovereignty can be institutionalized through policy.

Question 12

13) The Constitution of Ecuador declares that "Food sovereignty is a strategic objective and an obligation of the State," and the Ecuadorian legislature passed a Food Sovereignty Law in 2009; however,

A) they failed to obtain popular support for the law and the redistribution of food resources more generally.
B) almost no implementation has occurred, mostly due to lack of funding and infrastructure.
C) civil society and grassroots actors have called for the state to repeal the law and implement neoliberal reforms.
D) it resulted in increased food insecurity and was soon repealed.

Question 13

14) The Zero Hunger program originated in

A) Ecuador.
B) the U.S.
C) Brazil.
D) China.

Question 14

15) While the Zero Hunger program has had some positive results in supporting the marginalized family farm sector,

A) less than 3% of family farmers in the country participate in the public procurement program at the national level.
B) only 50% of the family farmers in the country participate in the public procurement program at the national level.
C) it has had the unintended effect of increasing food insecurity.
D) it has led to agribusiness companies disinvesting from Brazil.

Question 15

16) Which statement on food sovereignty is correct?

A) Achieving food sovereignty requires structural changes and changes in the distribution of power.
B) Achieving food sovereignty is possible through incremental reforms to the current food system.
C) Achieving food sovereignty is only possible through further neoliberal reforms.
D) Achieving food sovereignty is only possible through localization of food systems.

Question 16

17. Localization is the only strategy through which people can achieve food sovereignty?

Question 17

18) Which of the following are challenges to institutionalizing food sovereignty?

A) Scaling up food sovereignty principles
B) Not losing connection to principles of democratic engagement
C) Countering free trade policies
D) All of the above

Question 18

19) Standard and certification programs, like organics and fair trade,

A) have led to structural shifts in the distribution of power in the food system.
B) have not led to structural shifts in the distribution of power in the food system.
C) are incongruent with the aims of the food sovereignty movement.
D) have undermined the food sovereignty movement by supporting greater trade in food products.

Question 19

20. While food sufficiency is an important component of food sovereignty, self-sufficiency is not the only way to achieve food sovereignty.

Question 20

1. What is a transnational advocacy network?

Question 21

2. Describe one difference between food sovereignty and food security.

Question 22

3. Define food sovereignty as a concept, framework, and social movement.

Question 23

1. Food security and food sovereignty are overlapping but different concepts. Write an essay that examines the similarities and differences between food security and food sovereignty. In answering, make sure to define each approach and its objectives and discuss their commonalities and differences.

Question 24

2. Write an essay that examines food sovereignty and efforts to institutionalize it. First, discuss what it means to institutionalize food security. Second, using the cases of Ecuador and Brazil, examine the benefits and challenges of institutionalizing food sovereignty.