Deck 1: Power

Question 1

Society as the human body with its various components such as arms, heart, brain, or lungs is an example of a ________?

A) paradox
B) power
C) metaphor
D) society

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A metaphor is:

A) obligation and duty.
B) analytical devices commonly used to depict ideas or concepts.
C) explanatory theories used in political sociology.
D) patterns of power that are contradictory to expectations, public opinion, or values about democratic life.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Paradox is:

A) obligation and duty.
B) analytical devices commonly used to depict ideas or concepts.
C) explanatory theories used in political sociology.
D) patterns of power that are contradictory to expectations, public opinion, or values about democratic life.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Political sociology attempts to explain________.

A) how the state and its many manifestations operate.
B) how politics shapes individual behavior.
C) the concentration of power in the hands of the few.
D) the connections between social interactions, social structures, and social processes as they relate to politics.

Question 5

For __________, economic structures like corporations, banks, and financial institutions, and those who run these organizations are the sources of power in society.

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Max Weber
C) Alexi de Tocqueville
D) Karl Marx

Question 6

What is at the heart of the work of political sociologist?

A) government
B) society
C) power
D) authority

Question 7

Max Weber argued the sociological analysis of power by examining which two forms of power?

A) government and politics
B) coercion and authority
C) corporations and banks
D) privilege and interdepence

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a metaphor of power arrangements discussed by the authors?

A) coercive and dominant power
B) governmental and corporate power
C) authority and legitimate power
D) privileged and interdependent power

Question 9

The metaphor of physical force or violence is best captured by which form of power arrangement?

A) coercive and dominant power
B) governmental and corporate power
C) authority and legitimate power
D) privileged and interdependent power

Question 10

__________ is a form of power that emerges from the acquiescence of individuals and groups based on a sense of duty.

A) coercion
B) authority
C) politics
D) privilege

Question 11

Max Weber identified which type of authority?

A) charismatic
B) traditional
C) rational-legal
D) All of the above

Question 12

Authority:

A) derives power from tradition and customs.
B) is when an individual forces others to submit and obey.
C) is when an individual controls the flow of valuable resources.
D) emerges from the acquiescence of individuals and groups based on a sense of duty.

Question 13

Authority and legitimate power comes from:

A) customs
B) tradition
C) law
D) All of the above

Question 14

Weber referred to power derived from rules as __________.

A) charismatic authority.
B) traditional authority.
C) rational-legal authority.
D) hegemonic authority.

Question 15

The US Supreme Court ruling and subsequent acceptance by voters that resulted in the election of George W. Bush to the presidency in 2000 is most closely aligned with which of the following types of authority?

A) charismatic authority.
B) traditional authority.
C) rational-legal authority.
D) hegemonic authority.

Question 16

Which type of power arrangement depicts power relationships as reciprocal?

A) networked power
B) traditional power
C) interdependent power
D) hegemonic power

Question 17

Piven and Cloward use of rule-breakers as a form of power is an example of what type of power arrangement?

A) interdependent power
B) traditional power
C) interdependent power
D) hegemonic power

Question 18

A political sociologist who sees power as fluid and dynamic would best fit into which of the following ways of thinking?

A) networked power
B) traditional power
C) interdependent power
D) hegemonic power

Question 19

Which metaphor of power would best suited to help explain the domination of capitalism in the twenty first century?

A) interdependent power
B) networked power
C) coercive and dominant power
D) authority and legitimate power

Question 20

The three major traditional theoretical frameworks in political sociology are:

A) politics, society, and power
B) pluralist, elite-management, and social-class perspectives
C) institutionalist, rational choice, and postmodern
D) race, class, and gender

Question 21

All of the following are major theoretical frameworks in political sociology except:

A) social-class
B) elite-management
C) symbolic interactionism
D) pluralist

Question 22

Which theoretical framework views power as changing as groups vie for positions of authority, attempt to control valuable resources and continually form and reform coalitions?

A) pluralist approach
B) elite-managerial approach
C) social class approach
D) legal-rational approach

Question 23

In the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville noted which unique feature of American democracy?

A) voluntary associations
B) corporations
C) military
D) constitution

Question 24

Which classical theorist advanced the basic pluralist idea that social groupings in society constitute the power centers to accomplish civic outcomes?

A) Karl Marx
B) Alexis de Tocqueville
C) Max Weber
D) C.Wright Mills

Question 25

Robert Dahl's study of politics in the city of New Haven, Connecticut is an example of which conceptualization of power?

A) pluralist approach
B) elite-managerial approach
C) social class approach
D) legal-rational approach

Question 26

Which conceptualization of power in society would research on social capital and the decline of civic society best fit?

A) pluralist approach
B) elite-managerial approach
C) social class approach
D) legal-rational approach

Question 27

Which perspective views power as concentrated in the hands of the few bureaucratic and organizational leadership?

A) pluralist approach
B) elite-managerial approach
C) social class approach
D) legal-rational approach

Question 28

What was Max Weber's main contribution to the elite-managerial perspective?

A) complex organizations and bureaucracies are at the heart of elite rule in society
B) the economy is the substructure for which all of society is built
C) as Western societies move from feudalism to capitalism elite rule becomes more concentrated
D) all of the above

Question 29

Which of the following classic theorists did NOT contribute to the elite-managerial perspective?

A) Max Weber
B) Vilfredo Pareto
C) Gaetano Mosca
D) Alexis de Tocqueville

Question 30

According to Robert Michels, _____________ describes the fact that a few people tend to fund organizations and groups.

A) control of the masses
B) concentration of power
C) iron law of oligarchy
D) class consciousness

Question 31

Which major theoretical framework tended to be concerned with the use of bureaucratic organizations to control and distribute valuable resources?

A) pluralist approach
B) elite-managerial approach
C) social class approach
D) legal-rational approach

Question 32

Who coined the term "power elite" to describe the upper strata where "top politicians, military leaders, and corporate executives exercise power over major social institutions."

A) Max Weber
B) Karl Marx
C) C.Wright Mills
D) Alexis de Tocqueville

Question 33

All of the following are criticisms of the elite-managerial perspective except?

A) inability to identify elite as a cohesive unit
B) inability to address power of the masses
C) inability to include layers beyond elite and masses
D) inability to address interlocking nature of ruling elite

Question 34

The class perspective argues _________ as the basis for power in society.

A) political interests
B) social interests
C) economic interests
D) religious interests

Question 35

According to Karl Marx, power in capitalist society was found in:

A) social forces and social structures created through the relations to the modes of production
B) economic structures of society
C) the superstructures, or those structures that work to maintain oppression of the masses
D) all of the above

Question 36

Which theorist developed the early conceptualization of the class perspective?

A) Gaetano Mosca
B) Karl Marx
C) C.Wright Mills
D) Alexis de Tocqueville

Question 37

According to Karl Marx, which group controls the means of production?

A) the power elite
B) the working class
C) the bourgeoisie
D) none of the above

Question 38

The class perspective is criticized for all of the following except:

A) lacks focus on other social factors such as race, gender, and age
B) politics is shaped by more than economics
C) fails to distinguish between ruling elite and ruling social class
D) all of the above are true

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the "challenges" confronting political sociologists currently?

A) where to put social structure
B) where to put the rational actor
C) where to put culture
D) where to put more subtle forms of power

Question 40

Which theoretical perspective is best equipped for analyzing how groups and organizations account for costs and maximize rewards of their political decisions?

A) rational choice
B) political culture
C) standpoint theory
D) postmodern

Question 41

Which theoretical perspective could best explain why feminists and Christian conservatives worked together to fight against pornography?

A) rational choice
B) political culture
C) institutionalist
D) postmodern

Question 42

________ includes concepts such as values, beliefs, customs, traditions, and symbols.

A) attitudes
B) culture
C) political systems
D) campaigns

Question 43

_________ would be the best perspective to use when studying the rise of new forms of decisions and actions in politics based on lifestyle choices.

A) rational choice
B) political culture
C) institutionalist
D) postmodern

Question 44

Which theoretical perspective best brings together political structures, political processes, and political outcomes?

A) rational choice
B) political culture
C) institutionalist
D) postmodern

Question 45

Which perspective is best suited for understanding the subtle, hidden aspects of everyday life such as surveillance?

A) rational choice
B) political culture
C) institutionalist
D) postmodern

Question 46

The authors define power as individual, group, or structural capacity to achieve intended effects as a result of:

A) force.
B) influence.
C) authority.
D) All of the above

Question 47

A political sociologist would argue to understand politics require an examination of the struggle over power in society.

Question 48

A paradox is a rhetorical device political sociologists use as a tool to study power in society.

Question 49

Despite its overall size, the timing of the Iowa caucuses gives Iowans less influence in the process of selecting presidential candidates.

Question 50

Karl Marx examined power in an economic context rooted in the relationship between and among social classes.

Question 51

When one nation invades and conquers another, this is an example of power based on authority and legitimacy.

Question 52

The formation of totalitarian regimes often reflects power associated with coercion and dominance.

Question 53

Traditional authority comes from the personality or character of leaders.

Question 54

Monarchies are examples of traditional authority.

Question 55

Police power comes from authority and legitimacy founded and supported in the State.

Question 56

The legitimacy of the US Supreme Court is founded in traditional authority.

Question 57

Power as a "two-way street" is an example of interdependent power.

Question 58

Piven and Cloward describe the role of "rule-breakers" who protest as a way to subvert dominant forms of power as an example of networked power.

Question 59

According to the pluralist approach to the study of politics and society, power is seen as distributed among societal "power centers" that groups vie for control.

Question 60

Karl Marx was one of the first to studied American democracy.

Question 61

Classic political scientist and historian Alexis de Tocqueville famously noted American democracy is uniquely shaped by the US Constitution.

Question 62

Research on social capital found that individuals who are more connected in groups and associations are less likely to participate in politics due to limited time.

Question 63

A major criticism of the pluralist approach is that it best fits assumptions found in American democracy.

Question 64

The elite-managerial perspective view society as having numerous stakeholder groups with competing interests but no concentration of power.

Question 65

C.Wright Mills coined the term "power elite" to describe the interlocking leadership found among corporate executives, military leaders, and government officials.

Question 66

According to the class perspective, the role of the state is to advance economic interests of the owners of capital and to pacify the working class.

Question 67

Hegemonic power, or hegemony, is based on ruling class culture, ideology, law, and everyday practices.

Question 68

Criminologists have utilized rational choice theory to explain certain criminal acts as a function of motivation and goals of an offender.

Question 69

The use of staged rituals and rallies by white separatist groups such as Neo-Nazi or the Ku Klux Klan can best be explained with rational choice.

Question 70

Institutionalists would hypothesize that a policy such as banning gay marriage emerges as a result of the work of advocacy groups around changing definitions of marriage or how groups over time elect legislators show share this view.

Question 71

Institutions are enduring patterns of social organizations.

Question 72

Postmodernism assumes individuals and groups are motivated by minimizing costs and maximizing rewards.

Question 73

___________is primarily focused on the state and its functions; whereas ___________ is concerned with a broad area of issues that include social structures, culture, and individuals.

Question 74

When an individual controls the flow of valuable resources and forces others to submit and obey, this is an example of __________ and __________.

Question 75

_________ sees power as fragmented among various power centers in society.

Question 76

Research on ________ found that individuals who are more connected in groups and associations are more likely to participate in politics.

Question 77

_________ focuses primarily on the power exerted by those who control of complex organizations and bureaucracies.

Question 78

_____________ describes the fact that a few people tend to fund organizations and groups.

Question 79

_____________ theoretical framework is primarily concerned with the use of bureaucratic organizations to control and distribute valuable resources

Question 80

_____________ is the upper strata where "top politicians, military leaders, and corporate executives exercise power over major social institutions."