Deck 3: The Rise of Urban America

Question 1

The European colonists who arrived in North America __________.

A)found pre-existent indigenous cities
B)were more interested in agricultural land than in building towns
C)were largely town dwellers and town oriented
D)were all highly trained in farming and animal husbandry

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The North American Indian population first encountered by the colonists from Europe __________.

A)was basically stationary, living in permanent agricultural villages
B)numbered approximately 20 million
C)strongly believed in the principle of land-ownership
D)viewed themselves as part of the ecology

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The following is true about urbanization in 18^th century America:

A)the number of urban dwellers increased but the percentage urban declined.
B)the percentage of urban dwellers increased in the century.
C)the percentage of urban dwellers was lower than that found in England.
D)the population in cities remained stagnant.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following was one of the major American settlements of the 17^th century?

A)New Orleans
B)Chicago
C)Philadelphia
D)San Francisco

Question 5

The first residents of the New England colonies __________.

A)sought to create tight urban communal utopias
B)were mainly farmers, herdsman and explorers
C)sought an expansion of their territory to spread their economic beliefs
D)were socially more heterogeneous than the other colonies.

Question 6

During the colonial period, the first major settlements were most heavily influenced by

A)technology
B)population
C)environment
D)organization

Question 7

The early urban settlements in the U. S. were similar in that __________.

A)all were inland
B) they were influenced by technology
C)they were anti-British
D)they were near water

Question 8

According to the text, from the very beginning, "the story of New England is the story of its __________".

A)towns
B)wealth
C)technology
D)social class structure

Question 9

In contrast to New England towns, Canadian settlements were primarily __________.

A)centers of technology and industry
B)religious and missionary outposts
C)agricultural villages
D)government and trade outposts

Question 10

The five important English urban settlements had the following similar characteristics EXCEPT:

A)They all were coastal seaports or on navigable rivers with access to the sea.
B)They all were primarily manufacturing centers turning raw goods into finished products for shipment back to England.
C)They all had hinterlands or back country to develop.
D)They all were small, both in population and size.

Question 11

The youngest of the colonial cities was __________.

A)Manhattan
B)Philadelphia
C)Newport
D)Charleston

Question 12

The southernmost of the colonial cities was

A)Williamsburg
B)Philadelphia
C)Charles Town (Charleston)
D)Atlanta

Question 13

Which of the following colonies could boast of diversity that included Dutch Calvinists, Anglicans, Quakers, Baptists, Huguenots, Lutherans, Presbyterians, and Jews?

A)Boston
B)Philadelphia
C)Charleston
D)New York

Question 14

Urban-based merchants, rather than frontier farmers, were the most upset by:

A)"the metropolis of sedition"
B)"taxation without representation"
C)"opening up of the hinterland for cultivation"
D)none of the above.

Question 15

As of 1690, the colonial population of America was almost __________ percent urban.

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)30

Question 16

Canadian cities were first settled as early as 1608 and first became manufacturing and economic centers in the __________.

A)1650s
B)1750s
C)1850s
D)1950s

Question 17

The colonial city with the fewest municipal services and schools was __________.

A)Newport
B)New York
C)Philadelphia
D)Charleston

Question 18

The urban-based party representing commercial over agrarian interests following the American Revolution was the ____________.

A)Federalists
B)Whigs
C)Republicans
D)Democrats

Question 19

In 1790, approximately __________ percent of the U.S. population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)95

Question 20

In 1790, on average, each married woman in the United States gave birth to nearly __________ children.

A)six
B)eight
C)ten
D)twelve

Question 21

The decline in urbanization during the years 1810-1820 was due to the __________.

A)Revolutionary War
B)first great westward migration
C)destruction of American commerce by England in War of 1812
D)Great Small Pox Epidemic of 1809

Question 22

The age that saw the most rapid growth rate for American cities was __________.

A)1790-1820
B)1820-1860
C)1860-1900
D)1900-1940

Question 23

At the time of the first U.S. census (1790), the largest city in the nation was __________.

A)New York
B) Boston
C)Philadelphia
D)Charleston

Question 24

Between 1790 and 1860 the U.S. population __________.

A)remained stagnant
B)decreased due to health and population problems
C)had a growth rate equivalent to today's developing nations
D)had a median age of 33.4 years

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of the period 1820-1870?

A)cities grew at a more rapid pace than at any other time before or since
B)city populations grew more rapidly than those of agricultural areas
C)Boston was the largest and economically most important city by the end of the Civil War
D)cities in the North grew more slowly than those in the South

Question 26

Rapid growth of pre-Civil War cities was due to __________.

A)internal migration
B)rural in-migration
C)high birth rate
D)the invention of the railroad

Question 27

New York City's mid-19^th century dominance in the U.S.was linked to __________.

A)the Embargo Acts
B)the development of the Erie Canal
C)the discovery of gold
D)successful land speculation

Question 28

Prior to the Civil War, American cities __________.

A)were commercially rather than industrially based
B)physically were decentralized
C)were generally based on industrial production
D)showed little growth in population

Question 29

The economic supremacy of New York City in the mid-19^th century was most stimulated by the __________.

A)St. Lawrence Seaway
B)New York Port Authority
C)Erie Canal
D)steamboat

Question 30

As of 1900, the colonial city that had lost prominence was __________.

A)New York
B)Philadelphia
C)Chicago
D)Charleston

Question 31

During the 19^th century and the first half of the 20^th century, the dominant flow of population was __________.

A)from rural areas toward the cities
B)from cities toward rural areas
C)equal urban and rural growth
D)there was no clear pattern

Question 32

Industrialism first became a major factor in urban life in the period __________.

A)1800-1825
B)1825-1860
C)1860-1900
D)1930-1960

Question 33

During the __________, for the first time, urbanism became a controlling factor in the national life of the United States.

A)last quarter of the 18^th century
B)first half of the 19^th century
C)last quarter of the 19^th century
D)last half of the 20^th century

Question 34

As of 1890, which of the following cities had over a million people?

A) Detroit
B)Chicago
C)Norfolk
D)Atlanta

Question 35

The major technological breakthrough spurring town growth west of the Mississippi was the __________.

A)railroad
B)steamboat
C)pony express
D)telegraph

Question 36

Steam power in the 19^th century industrial cities encouraged __________.

A)dispersion
B)concentration and centralization
C)home manufacturing
D)the development of urban sprawl and suburbs

Question 37

In the U. S., development of the West occurred very fast. The pattern of settlement was __________.

A)first the town, next the railroad, and finally the farms
B)first the farms, next the town, and finally the railroad
C)first the farms, next the railroad, and finally the town
D)first the railroad, next the town, and finally the farms

Question 38

Which of the following is most true regarding the role of railroads in the settlement of the U.S. West?

A)Railroads were unnecessary to the development of the West.
B)Railroads came along after the West was already developed.
C)Railroads opened the West and were crucial to its development.
D)Railroads helped with the development of the West.

Question 39

Between 1877 and 1889 many significant inventions were developed that enabled the core areas of cities to become more densely inhabited. Which of the following is one of them?

A)the automobile
B)the steam locomotive
C)flush toilets
D)steel frame buildings

Question 40

Problems of urban pollution __________.

A) have emerged largely in the 20th century
B) did not really exist until the coming of the automobile
C) have been associated with American cities from their beginning
D) have largely been solved in the U.S.

Question 41

19ᵗʰ century technology fostered concentration. Technologies of the last hundred years have fostered

A) concentration rather than dispersion.
B) dispersion rather than concentration.
C) preference of Americans for central city residence.
D) expansion of employment opportunities in the central city.

Question 42

Most American cities of the East and Midwest __________.

A)were essentially built before the era of the automobile
B)were designed for automobile usage
C)had their major growth during the 20^th century
D)have been rapidly increasing in population since World War II

Question 43

Mid nineteenth century affluent suburbs owed their growth to the development of the __________.

A)automobile
B)telephone
C)steamboat
D)commuter railroad

Question 44

The outward expansion of the city, at the beginning of the 20^th century was due to the invention of the __________.

A)electric streetcar
B)railroad
C)automobile
D)cable car

Question 45

Boss Tweed of New York City plundered the city treasury of __________ at a time when workers made as little as a dollar a day.

A)500 thousand dollars
B)1 million dollars
C)100 million dollars
D)200 million dollars

Question 46

From the standpoint of the immigrant, the political bosses __________.

A)were a failure at municipal governance
B)provided services, jobs and help when needed
C)were crooks who plundered the public monies
D)should all have been put in jail

Question 47

Sociologist, Robert K. Merton's quote, "The functional deficiencies of the official structure generate an alternative (unofficial) structure to fulfill existing needs somewhat more effectively", is used by the text to explain the existence of __________.

A)political bosses in large cities
B)alternate means of urban transportation
C)the illegal immigration of millions of Europeans to the U.S. between 1880 and 1920
D)the development of the suburbs

Question 48

Immigration accelerated after the Civil War, spurred on by the need for workers for _________.

A) expansion
B)industrialization
C) political power
D) assimilation

Question 49

In the view of many 19^th century native born Protestants, the immigrants __________.

A)were useful additions to the city by making it more cosmopolitan
B)strengthened the city by providing investments capital
C)were undermining municipal morality and governance
D)should be encouraged to come to the cities in increasing numbers

Question 50

Urban political reformers at the turn of the century wanted__________.

A)to organize the poor as a political force
B)to return power to white Protestant middle class groups
C)to strengthen the boss system
D)to encourage inner city voting

Question 51

The Progressive Movement was __________.

A)an outgrowth of the National Municipal League
B)a grass roots organization of inner city residents organized to renew the neighborhoods
C)an attempt by the upper middle class to reform the inner city
D)organized by city bosses

Question 52

The National Municipal League was organized to __________.

A)reform city government by getting rid of political bosses
B)provide low cost housing for urban dwellers
C)help new immigrants adjust to city life
D)implement prohibition

Question 53

America's urban-rural imagery __________.

A)has tended to idealize the city
B)has placed great trust and faith in the goodness of urbanization
C)has tended to view the city as a source of problems and corruption
D)has criticized urban dwellers as "backward bumpkins"

Question 54

The classic statement on the significance of the west, "The Winning of the West" which glorified pioneers, was written by __________.

A)Arthur Schlesinger
B)Richard Wade
C)Thomas Jefferson
D)Frederick Turner

Question 55

In what decade did the U.S. first become a majority urban nation ?

A)1880s
B)1900s
C)1920s
D)1940s

Question 56

Which city does poet Carl Sandburg call, "Hog Butcher for the World"?

A)Smithfield
B)Chicago
C)New York
D)Detroit

Question 57

The first European colonist to arrive in North America found a land without indigenous cities.

Question 58

Only half of all early major cities in the colonial period were seaports.

Question 59

The first English settlers to the New World found no existing urban civilizations.

Question 60

According to the text, the Native American population of North America numbered about 20 million at the time of the Jamestown settlement in 1607.

Question 61

The English brought a land tenure system based on private ownership to the colonies.

Question 62

Generally speaking the American Indians' goal was not to master nature but to identify their niche and their relationship with the world around them.

Question 63

While European settlers saw the environment as something to be dominated and reshaped, Native Americans generally viewed themselves as part of the ecology and sought to understand their relationship with the world around them.

Question 64

The colonies that spearheaded urbanization in the 17th century were: Boston, Charleston, Providence, Richmond and Delaware.

Question 65

According to the text, environment played a heavy role in the early development of the first five cities in what is now the United States.

Question 66

Between the early 1600s and early 1700s, Providence outstripped its rival cities in both population size and economic influence.

Question 67

By the mid 18^th century Boston had a population of 16,000.

Question 68

Boston, from the beginning, had the most cosmopolitan population of the colonial cities.

Question 69

Early New England towns, like Boston, found their economic growth hindered by the lack of a fertile hinterland.

Question 70

New York had an environmental disadvantage when compared to other settlements because it lacked easy access to its hinterland.

Question 71

Philadelphia was the youngest of the large colonial cities.

Question 72

The southernmost of the English colonial cities was New Orleans.

Question 73

The early French Canadian cities were not really major points of settlement or industry, but instead served as garrisons and trading posts.

Question 74

Canadian cities first became manufacturing and economic centers in the 1750s.

Question 75

By 1690 the colonial population possibly had a higher percentage urban than England itself.

Question 76

The percentage of urban dwellers in what is now the U.S. increased four-fold between 1690 and 1790.

Question 77

The first U.S. census was taken in 1790.

Question 78

Immediately after the United States was founded, the rural population exerted tremendous power in government through the Federalist Party.

Question 79

In 1790, three quarters of the U.S. population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 80

As of the first U.S. census, New York was the largest city followed by Chicago.