Deck 16: African and Latin American Urbanization

Question 1

The least urbanized continent is __________.

A) Asia
B) Africa
C)South America
D) Oceania

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The continent with the highest rate of growth of urban population is __________.

A) Asia
B) Africa
C)South America
D) Oceania

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The population of the African continent was estimated to be __________ people as of the year 2017.

A)800 million
B)1.35 billion
C)2.5 billion
D)3.2 billion

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which continent has the highest birth rate in the world?

A) Asia
B) Africa
C)Europe
D) South America

Question 5

Everyone acknowledges that Africa faces serious challenges and problems. According to the text one of the most serious is ____________.

A) lack of water
B)desert encroachment
C)AIDS
D)regional diversity

Question 6

Economically, sub-Sahara Africa __________.

A)has many problems but is showing signs of improvement
B)is showing continent-wide economic growth at a rate exceeding that of other developing regions
C)is showing continent-wide growth that is narrowing the gap with more developed regions
D)has remained relatively stable over the last 20 years.

Question 7

Sub-Sahara Africa __________.

A)is self-sufficient in food production
B)has had a per capita income increase of 4 percent a year since 1970
C)until recently was experiencing a decline in life expectancy due to AIDS
D)has a regional plan to contain population growth

Question 8

The most industrialized nation in Africa is __________.

A) Nigeria
B)South Africa
C)Egypt
D)Ghana

Question 9

The most populous country in West Africa , with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 is __________.

A)Liberia
B) Somalia
C) Ghana
D)Nigeria

Question 10

The West African country with the most cities is __________.

A)Liberia
B) Somalia
C) Ghana
D)Nigeria

Question 11

The least urbanized part of the African continent is __________.

A)North Africa
B)West Africa
C)East Africa
D)South Africa

Question 12

The area of Africa having the longest tradition of cities is __________.

A)North Africa
B)West Africa
C)East Africa
D)South Africa

Question 13

Substantial indigenous African cities emerged during the Ghana, Mali and Songhay empires of West Africa between __________.

A) 1000 and 500 B.C.
B) 500 B.C. and 500 A.D.
C) 500 A.D. and 1000 A.D.
D) 1000 A.D. and 1500 A.D.

Question 14

Which of the following began as a colonial African city?

A)Segu, Mali
B)Kampala, Uganda
C)Adis Ababa, Ethiopia
D)Kumasi, Ghana

Question 15

The major sub-Sahara African cities were founded during the __________.

A)16^th century
B)17^th century
C)late 18^th century and early 19^th century
D)late 19^th century and early 20^th century

Question 16

Most European colonization took place in Africa during the __________.

A)16^th century
B)17^th century
C)late 18^th century and early 19^th century
D)late 19^th century and early 20^th century

Question 17

Colonial African cities __________.

A)grew out of the local culture
B)brought their social and political organization from Europe
C)placed European residential areas on the periphery
D)concentrated on manufacturing

Question 18

According to the text, the main focus of indigenous African cities was __________.

A)the administrative center
B)the market
C)the tribal center
D)the palace

Question 19

Indigenous African cities __________.

A)were more sharply differentiated ecologically than colonial cities
B)rarely were divided into quarters on the basis of tribe and religion
C)usually focused on a central marketplace
D)were geographically arranged on the basis of social class

Question 20

Primate cities in Africa __________.

A)are isolated from major transportation and communication networks
B)have become less dominant since independence
C)were the incubators of the independence movements
D)are not manufacturing centers

Question 21

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia __________.

A)was founded by Europeans
B)is an indigenous city
C)developed according to a master plan
D)is one of the most ancient cities in Africa

Question 22

Addis Ababa is typical of primate cities in Africa in that it __________.

A)serves as a political and administrative center
B)was founded as a colonial center
C)has been a major center for centuries
D)was not an indigenous city

Question 23

Demographically, in African cities, __________.

A)most adults are immigrants
B)most adults were born in the city
C)there are more females than males
D)they are shrinking in population size

Question 24

According to the text, the Kenyan government has pressured the __________ to adopt modern ways and town life, but they have refused, preferring their rural culture.

A)Amhara
B)Zulu
C)Masai
D)lbu

Question 25

Urbanization in African cities__________.

A)automatically weakens tribal identification
B)almost always creates problems of psychological maladjustment
C)has been shown to often strengthen tribal bonds rather than weaken them
D)inevitably breaks down kinship and family ties

Question 26

On the individual level, new immigrants to African urban places are aided in adjustment by __________.

A)government policies
B)religious groups
C)the UN Commission to Africa
D)tribal or ethnic membership

Question 27

Although there are exceptions, the general African pattern is __________.

A)one of male dominance
B)that women have less equality in cities
C)that custom gives rural women more rights than urban women
D)that the occupational structure in cities is less flexible than it is in the countryside

Question 28

According to the text, urban growth in Africa __________.

A)is the pattern regardless of economic strength in the city
B)is closely tied to economic expansion
C)will level off and then decline by the year 2030
D)should be resolved by immigration out of the city

Question 29

Which of the following is among the characteristics that differentiate between urban growth in Africa and that in the West?

A)There are lower rates of unemployment in African cities.
B)The rate of growth is far more rapid in African cities.
C)The linkage of cities with their hinterlands is more developed in Africa.
D)In Africa rural prosperity is holding down movement to the cities.

Question 30

African urbanization is unique in the fact that __________.

A)there are high levels of specialization in African cities
B)tribal customs dominate the economic sphere
C)there is tight linkage between most cities and their hinterland
D)urbanization is not always paralleled by a comparable revolution in rural areas

Question 31

The largest cities in Latin America were generally founded __________.

A)during the 20th century
B)during the 19^th century
C)after the American Revolution
D)in the 16^th century

Question 32

Spanish colonial cities in Latin America were __________.

A)similar in ecological design and functional purpose
B)governed independently by themselves
C)garrison posts
D)centers of manufacturing and industry

Question 33

The Spanish colonial policy emphasized __________.

A)making colonial cities manufacturing centers
B)making the colonies producers of gold and silver
C)home rule for the colonial cities
D)commercial centers which developed in the port cities

Question 34

Latin America has over half the population in cities of more than __________ inhabitants.

A)100,000
B)500,000
C)1 million
D) 2 million

Question 35

Today, Latin America __________.

A)is basically still a rural continent
B)is less urbanized than Asia but more urbanized than Africa
C)is expected to have a decrease in urbanization
D)has several of the largest cities in the world

Question 36

The merchant's position in Spanish colonies was __________.

A)similar to that in New England
B)without substantial influence
C)a prominent position in the social structure
D)stated in the Laws of the Indies

Question 37

Spanish colonial cities in Latin America __________.

A)were manufacturing centers
B)lacked the middle-class base found in North American colonies
C)were importers of goods from North America, Europe and Asia
D)were filled with merchants

Question 38

Spanish colonial cities __________.

A)were designed on a circular pattern
B)developed into manufacturing centers
C)were virtually independent
D)were oriented toward Spain rather than toward their own hinterland

Question 39

The Spanish "Laws of the Indies" __________.

A)specified towns were to be laid out following a pattern of rectangular grids
B)specified towns were to be laid out with spokes radiating from the central plaza
C)specified towns were to be laid out with circular rings
D)did not discuss town planning

Question 40

The pattern of spatial distribution by social class first developed __________.

A)in pre-Columbian cities
B)with Spanish values
C)with the Law of the Indies
D)with colonial powers

Question 41

The colonial pattern of South American cities __________.

A)differed from those of the Aztec and Mayan civilizations
B)was different from pre-industrial cities
C)centered around a central plaza
D)developed most large cities inland close to natural resources

Question 42

Brazilian cities of the colonial period __________.

A)were built according to the Laws of the Indies
B)were relatively small and had limited influence
C)grew more rapidly than cities in the Spanish colonies
D)emphasized manufactured goods to be shipped to Portugal

Question 43

The traditional pre-industrial Latin American city housed those of highest status __________.

A)close to the center of the city
B)at the periphery of the city
C)in suburban areas
D)in all areas; there was no pattern

Question 44

According to the text, the Ecological Complex variable that had the greatest effect on land usage patterns in the Latin American city during the 20^th century was __________.

A)social organization
B)physical environment
C)technology
D) ethnicity

Question 45

During the 21^st century urban growth in Latin America will increasingly come from ______________>

A)immigration from abroad
B)in-migration from rural areas
C)increasing life spans
D)natural increase in the cities of births over deaths

Question 46

Upper-class suburbanization patterns now found in Latin America __________.

A)parallel North American suburbanization
B)reverse North American suburbanization
C)are only now emerging in a meaningful way
D)are random and varied depending on political issues

Question 47

By the 19^th century, the economic center of Brazil was __________.

A)Vera Cruz
B) Mexico City
C)Rio de Janeiro
D)Cartegena

Question 48

The text argues that limited national development funds is most effectively spent ______.

A)on rural development projects
B)on rural electrification
C)on discouraging in-migration to cities
D)on providing urban services

Question 49

Latin America's most urbanized nation is __________.

A) Columbia
B) Bolivia
C)Peru
D)Uruguay

Question 50

The least urbanized of the following Latin American Countries is __________.

A)Venezuela
B) Uruguay
C)Mexico
D)Guatemala

Question 51

The largest of the following cities today is __________.

A)Los Angeles
B)Buenos Aires
C)Mexico City
D)Rio de Janeiro

Question 52

Latin American cities typically have __________.

A)almost all population growth being in-migrants from elsewhere
B)growth primarily by natural increase
C)a high proportion of their population over 40 years of age
D)few shantytowns

Question 53

Squatter settlements in Latin America __________.

A)are found surrounding major cities
B)are found in all nations except Argentina and Uruguay
C)should be eliminated by 2030
D)tend to be quite small

Question 54

Writers on squatter settlements in Latin America __________.

A)agree that they are scenes of squalor and social disorganization
B)agree that they are basically low-income improving suburbs
C)do not agree on the nature of squatter settlements
D)generally feel they will be eliminated by 2020

Question 55

The city hosting the 2016 Olympics activities was__________.

A)Mexico City
B)Lima
C)Buenos Aires
D)Rio de Janeiro

Question 56

Shantytown residents of this city technically are not "squatters" since they own the land.

A)Mexico City, Mexico
B)Caracas, Venezuela
C)Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
D)Bogotá, Columbia

Question 57

According to the text, the view that newcomers to the city are emotionally disorganized and often unable to cope with city ways would come closest to the view of __________.

A)the "Chicago School of Sociology"
B)Oscar Lewis' writings on the "culture of poverty"
C)the theory of "urban rurality"
D)the "myth of marginality"

Question 58

The view that squatters differ from other residents because of their poverty and traditional rural orientation represents __________.

A)the "culture of poverty"
B)the "myth of marginality"
C)the Chicago School
D)the City Study

Question 59

The text cites Vila El Salvador as an example of __________.

A)a successful upper-middle-class Latin American "new town"
B)a tourist resort city constructed to bring in foreign currency
C)one of the better squatter settlements
D)a colonial city whose physical appearance has changed little over the centuries

Question 60

The City Study, sponsored by the World Bank, covered 3,000 houses in __________.

A)Bogotá
B)Mexico City
C)Buenos Aires
D)Brasilia

Question 61

The City Study revealed that the very poor newcomers to the city __________.

A)have a distinctly short-term orientation
B)are unable to plan for the future
C)show economic rationality
D)have a distinct set of values that separate them from other city dwellers

Question 62

According to the text, the City Study suggests that what sets squatters apart from other city residents are their __________.

A)inability to defer gratification
B)attitudes associated with marginality
C)culture of poverty
D)lack of opportunity

Question 63

Research from the City Study revealed that __________.

A)in-migrants are not worse off than the rest of the population
B)informal jobs pay much less than the formal sector
C)there was little difference between incomes of those in various social strata
D)non-immigrants earn more than in-migrants in all income categories

Question 64

Which of the following countries is cited in the text as having cities plagued by violent drug-related gang crime?

A)Chile
B)Peru
C)Bolivia
D)Brazil

Question 65

Africa has the highest rate of increase in urban population of any continent.

Question 66

Africa is currently more urbanized than Asia, but less urbanized than the Middle East.

Question 67

As of 2017, some 41 percent of Africa's inhabitants lived in urban places.

Question 68

By the year 2018, there were some 75 cities in Africa that had populations of over 1 million.

Question 69

A serious challenge faced by Africa today is AIDS.

Question 70

The average life expectancy in Africa is about the same as it is in Latin America.

Question 71

Until very recently life expectancy rates in Africa were dropping due to AIDS.

Question 72

Most HIV infection in Africa is homosexually transmitted.

Question 73

According to the text many African nations are now undergoing economic reform.

Question 74

Today, sub-Saharan Africa is self-sufficient in food and produces enough to export abroad.

Question 75

North Africa is the most urbanized of the African regions.

Question 76

Of the West African countries, the Ivory Coast has the largest population and the most cities.

Question 77

The least urbanized part of the African Continent is East Africa.

Question 78

East Africa has a long tradition of cities.

Question 79

South Africa is considered an economically industrialized nation.

Question 80

Africa produced very few indigenous cities south of the Sahara.