Deck 9: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

What is the name for recurrent, locally specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that are generally limited to specific societies or areas and indicate repetitive sets of symptoms?

A) Painful syndromes
B) Culture-bound syndromes
C) Schizophrenia
D) Abnormal symptoms
E) Universal syndromes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Symptoms of psychological disorders that are observable in practically all cultures are called "______________."

A) peripheral
B) culture-bound
C) medical
D) central
E) professional

Answer 2

D

Question 3

"____________" is the term used to describe a deterioration of cognitive functioning, including memory loss, aphasia, or disturbed executive functioning.

A) Depressive disorders
B) Personality disorders
C) Schizophrenia
D) Anxiety disorders
E) Dementia

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What is the name of the category of psychological disorders characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness, despair, guilt, loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable, and disturbance in sleep and appetite?

A) Depressive disorders
B) Personality disorders
C) Schizophrenia
D) Anxiety disorders
E) Dementia

Question 5

Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture are referred to as _______________.

A) depressive disorders
B) personality disorders
C) schizophrenia
D) anxiety disorders
E) dementia

Question 6

What is the common name for the treatment of psychological disorders through psychological means, generally involving verbal interaction with a professional therapist?

A) Healing
B) Hypnosis
C) Persuasion
D) Obedience
E) Psychotherapy

Question 7

__________ is a disorder characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized or catatonic behavior.

A) Depressive disorder
B) Personality disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Anxiety disorder
E) Dementia

Question 8

The "__________" is a view or perspective of psychological disorders, according to which human beings develop ideas, establish behavioral norms, and learn emotional responses consistent with a set of cultural prescriptions.

A) universalist perspective
B) cognitive view
C) relativist perspective
D) custom-bound perspective
E) global psychological view

Question 9

The "____________" is a view or perspective of psychological disorders, according to which people share a great number of similar features, attitudes, values, and behavioral responses despite cultural differences.

A) universalist perspective
B) custom-bound perspective
C) local culture view
D) relativist perspective
E) behavioral view

Question 10

The ____________ is a measure of tolerance or intolerance toward specific personality traits in a cultural environment.

A) intolerance barrier
B) misunderstanding
C) personality threshold
D) tolerance threshold
E) barrier of cultural environment

Question 11

What is the label for recurrent, locally specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM-5 diagnostic category? These patterns are generally limited to specific societies or areas and indicate repetitive and troubling sets of experiences and observations.

A) central symptoms
B) cultural syndromes
C) troubling symptoms
D) recurrent syndromes
E) peripheral behaviors

Question 12

According to international statistics, suicide is the lowest in predominantly _______________ countries.

A) East European
B) Muslim
C) Protestant
D) Hindu
E) West European

Question 13

As a board certified professional, you diagnosed your client, a 22-year-old man, with "demonic possession." Upon submitting your claim to his insurance company for payment, you quickly find that they refuse to compensate you. Why did this happen?

A) The insurance company is afraid to deal with the "demonic forces."
B) "Demonic possession" is recognized mostly in women.
C) The diagnosis should have been given within the DSM-5 guidelines.
D) The only remedy for "demonic possession" is exorcism, which is a very expensive procedure.
E) You should treat the possession without charging a fee.

Question 14

"Dhat" is a cultural syndrome that occurs primarily in India. However, similar conditions also occur in which two countries?

A) Russia and Poland
B) Sri Lanka and China
C) Canada and Australia
D) Libya and Chad
E) Peru and Ecuador

Question 15

Imagine that you are a psychologist working in private practice in the United States. You have a new client from a non-Western culture who claims that her psychological problems are caused by evil spiritual forces emitted from her mother-in-law. Would you consider this client delusional?

A) No, because delusions are a typical Western set of symptoms practically unknown globally.
B) No, because you have to check her mother-in-law to see if she really possesses such evil forces.
C) Yes, but only if this person is relatively educated and culturally integrated in the United States.
D) Yes, because it is better diagnose her with something quickly before it is too late.
E) No, because the diagnosis must be given only by a witch doctor and you are not one of them.

Question 16

The text addresses the notion that all cultural groups are socially stratified. What implication, if any, does this have for psychological counseling?

A) No matter where a person lives or what she does, this person always will remain attached to her or his ethnic groups.
B) Ethnicity matters less than religious affiliation, especially if it is related to young adults.
C) Religious affiliation means more than race.
D) The more medication you prescribe, the more demanding your client becomes.
E) Professional occupation, income, and educational level bring diversity into any national, religious, racial, or ethnic group.

Question 17

Of the following, which group is most likely, compared to others, to report physical (non-psychological) symptoms of their depressive illness?

A) Russians
B) Irish
C) Canadians
D) Bolivians
E) Japanese

Question 18

There is a statistical difference between people of Western cultures and non-Western cultures in terms of how they experience depressive symptoms. Which symptoms are more common in Western cultures than in non-Western cultures?

A) Muscle pain
B) Guilt
C) Abdominal pain
D) Euphoria, unlimited optimism
E) Schizophrenia

Question 19

Globally, what are the odds that an individual will be diagnosed with schizophrenia during his or her life?

A) One in a hundred
B) Three in a hundred
C) One in a thousand
D) Three in a thousand
E) Three in ten thousand

Question 20

Historically, many symptoms of schizophrenia recognized today were labeled ____________:

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) learning disability
D) stress
E) madness

Question 21

How do individuals living in collectivistic cultures most commonly address their disturbing psychological problems?

A) Help is commonly received from medically trained professional.
B) Help is commonly received from family members and close friends.
C) Help is commonly thought in museums of magic and sorcery.
D) Help is commonly solicited from foreign tourists.
E) Help is commonly received from college professors.

Question 22

Which ethnic group in the United States tends to use mental health services the least?

A) Irish Americans
B) Russian Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) Korean Americans
E) Chinese Americans

Question 23

Studies show that suicidal youths are more likely than non-suicidal youths to have been born ___________________.

A) outside of the United States
B) inside the United States
C) in Canada
D) in Russia
E) in Japan

Question 24

What is the repressive adaptive style of coping with illness?

A) An individual's desire to seek immediate help
B) An individual's desire to look for spiritual healers
C) A tendency of medical professionals to reject medication in therapy
D) An individual's desire to hide the symptoms
E) A tendency of medical professionals not to diagnose mental illness

Question 25

In Psychology, "folk beliefs" refer to common assumptions about normal and abnormal psychological functioning.

Question 26

A detailed description of known diseases and injuries called the DSM-2017 is published by the World Health Organization, a branch of the United Nations.

Question 27

In Caribbean cultures, symptoms that involve a belief that the soul leaves the body after a frightening event and causes unhappiness and sickness are called "Ghost sickness."

Question 28

"Frigophobia" refers to a culture-bound syndrome occurring in China that is signified by an excessive fear of being cold.

Question 29

People in non-Western cultures tend to "somatize" their distress, whereas people Western cultures have the tendency to "psychologize" it.

Question 30

Across cultures, the prevalence of alcohol use and abuse is greater in women than men.

Question 31

Michael Phillip's (2004) research revealed that Schizophrenia was more prevalent in Chinese females than males.

Question 32

Japan has a high rate of suicide that is comparable to that of the United States.

Question 33

In collectivist cultures, compared to individualist ones, there should be more tolerance for people exhibiting histrionic or anti-social traits.

Question 34

The cultural background of a professional (a psychologist, for example) can influence and often distort his or her perception of psychological and behavioral symptoms in other people. This is an example of a culture-bound syndrome.

Question 35

The main result of the 1994 major international study is that personality disorders have relatively similar features and that they can be assessed with a reasonably high reliability across different nations, languages, and cultures.

Question 36

The combination of Asian cultures' belief in the unity of the mind and body with the Asian tendency not to express feelings openly may lead to the presentation of psychological complaints and the underreporting of somatic symptoms.

Question 37

Psychologists report that people in collectivist cultures are more likely to display repressive adaptive style than people from other groups.

Question 38

Suicide remains the third leading cause of death among African Americans aged 15-19 years old.

Question 39

Which European country has the highest suicide rate among Western nations?

Question 40

Which Asian country has the highest suicide rate among Asian nations?

Question 41

Personality disorders are viewed as enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviates markedly from what?

Question 42

It was found that about one-half of people from these three countries have a physiological "protective mechanism" against alcohol abuse (i.e. the lack of aldehyde dehydrogenaze).

Question 43

Name two DSM-5 personality disorders that are diagnosed more frequently in women.

Question 44

Research shows that, in many rural African communities, psychological disorders are primarily associated with behaviors that demonstrate___________.

Question 45

The textbook refers to, hikikomori, a complex form of withdrawal behavior observed in Japan. Such behavior resembles the symptoms of what DSM-5 disorder?

Question 46

Your clinical supervisor explains that her new policy requires all therapists and clients to belong to the same ethnic group. What is she trying to achieve by this policy?

Question 47

In terms of personality disorders studied across cultures, what does the term pathologization mean?

Question 48

Studies show that suicide rates tend to be higher in those nations that rank high in ____________.

Question 49

Imagine that you, as a board certified medical professional, gave your client the following diagnosis: "demonic possession" and then submit your claim to an insurance company. Will the insurance company accept your claim and why?

Question 50

Describe the universalist view of psychological disorders.

Question 51

Describe several cultural variations in the expression of depression.

Question 52

What are the differences between central and peripheral symptoms of psychological disorders?

Question 53

Describe a situation in which a culture match between a therapist and a client would not be the best option.

Question 54

Why are clinicians in traditional settings reluctant to give a diagnosis of "depression" to young women?

Question 55

Discuss possible reasons why the study conducted by Michael Phillips and colleagues in China (2004) showed that schizophrenia was more prevalent in Chinese females.

Question 56

Explain the meaning of "tolerance threshold" when referring to personality disorders.

Question 57

Explain the negative consequences of stereotype-based anticipations related to personality disorders.

Question 58

Suicide rates tend to be higher in those nations that rank high on subjective well-being. Explain this finding.

Question 59

Describe cultural factors likely contributing to suicide.

Question 60

Explain "loss of face" as a psychological factor contributing to suicide.

Question 61

It is reported that people in collectivist cultures are more likely to display repressive adaptive style than people from other groups. Could you explain why?

Question 62

Explain what "stigma of mental illness" is and how cultural norms affect it.

Question 63

Explain why people in non-Western cultures tend to "somatize" their distress, whereas people Western cultures have the tendency to "psychologize" it.

Question 64

Symptoms of psychological disorders that are observable in practically all cultures are called ______________________.

A) peripheral
B) culture-bound
C) medical
D) central
E) professional

Question 65

What is the repressive adaptive style in coping with illness?

A) An individual's desire to seek immediate help
B) An individual's desire to look for spiritual healers
C) A tendency of medical professionals to reject medication in therapy
D) An individual's desire to hide the symptoms
E) A tendency of medical professionals not to diagnose mental illness

Question 66

Dhat is a culture-bound syndrome that occurs primarily in India. However, similar conditions also occur in which two countries?

A) Russia and Poland
B) Sri Lanka and China
C) Canada and Australia
D) Libya and Chad
E) Peru and Ecuador

Question 67

There is a statistical difference between people of Western cultures and non-Western in terms of how they experience depressive symptoms. Which symptoms are more common in Western cultures than in non-Western cultures?

A) Muscle pain
B) Guilt
C) Abdominal pain
D) Euphoria, unlimited optimism
E) Schizophrenia

Question 68

Globally, what are the chances that an individual will be diagnosed with Schizophrenia?

A) One in a hundred
B) Three in a hundred
C) One in a thousand
D) Three in a thousand
E) Three in ten thousand

Question 69

Michael Phillip's (2004) research revealed that Schizophrenia was more prevalent in Chinese females than males.

Question 70

Studies show that suicide rates tend to be higher in those nations that rank high on subjective well-being.

Question 71

Collectivist norms allow some very limited deviance from what is considered appropriate behavior. As a result, there should be more tolerance of and more social sanctions against any exhibition of histrionic or anti-social traits.

Question 72

In terms of personality disorders studied across cultures, what does the term pathologization mean?

Question 73

The textbook refers to hikikomori, a complex form of withdrawal behavior observed in Japan. Such behavior resembles the symptoms of what DSM-5 disorder?