Deck 12: Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology

Question 1

An individual who has left his or her native country and is unwilling or unable to return to it because of persecution or fear of persecution (because of race, religion, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion) is called a(n) _____________.

A) colonist
B) settler
C) explorer
D) immigrant
E) refugee

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following provides the most accurate description of psychological counseling?

A) Diagnosing a psychological disorder
B) Determining which method of research is best applied to a conflict situation
C) Giving financial advice regarding investments in foreign countries
D) Giving legal advice regarding investments in foreign countries
E) The act of providing psychological direction to a decision or course of action

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What is the professional term for a set of planned changes aimed at improving organizational and individual performance and well-being in a private business or government company?

A) Psychological counseling
B) Advice in difficult business circumstances
C) Organization development
D) Developmental psychology
E) Standard operation procedure

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The restrictive practice of reviewing and determining what is appropriate for publication or broadcasting according to moral, ideological, or political considerations is called ____________.

A) rights violation
B) censorship
C) psychological brainwashing
D) indoctrination
E) psychological propaganda

Question 5

Pseudoscience = knowledge and its applications that appear scientific but are not based on:

A) popular beliefs
B) basic human values
C) laboratory research
D) approval from key government offices
E) the scientific method

Question 6

Many psychologists differ in their opinions on child labor. Some believe that it is wrong without exception. Others attempt to take cultural traditions into account. Has the United Nations universally rejected child labor?

A) No, there is no such a rejection.
B) Yes, only in developed countries.
C) Yes, only in case of girls. Boys are allowed to work.
D) No, only in Africa.
E) Yes, it has been universally rejected.

Question 7

According to opinion polls, how have attitudes toward immigrants in the United States changed over the last several years?

A) Attitudes did not change.
B) Attitudes have been "cooling."
C) Attitudes have been improving.
D) Attitudes have changed toward legal immigrants only
E) Attitudes have changed toward women only

Question 8

Elfenbein and Ambady (2003) showed that a person's facial recognition of emotions in different national groups is more accurate if ____________.

A) this person did not have prior knowledge of those groups
B) this person is a woman
C) this person is a young professional
D) this person has had significant contact with those groups.
E) this person speaks two languages

Question 9

Studies show that professionals are generally overconfident in their judgments or decisions and that overconfidence in general knowledge is typically stronger among __________ than among Western subject groups

A) Latin American
B) African
C) Middle Eastern
D) Asian
E) Iranian

Question 10

In terms of conflict resolution, in countries with high-powered distance, disagreements between two groups are typically resolved with the help of __________________.

A) "magical" powers and other paranormal activities
B) money
C) formal rules and procedures
D) friendly advice from friends
E) negotiations and voting

Question 11

Defenders of political censorship argue that restrictions on information are necessary to protect________.

A) mental health
B) social order and stability
C) cultural norms of collectivism
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) individual rights

Question 12

Which one is not a common symptom of acculturative stress?

A) Nostalgic symptoms
B) Loss of control
C) Hallucinations and delusions
D) Dissatisfaction over language barriers
E) Dissatisfaction over perceived differences

Question 13

Spiritual factors such as strong religious beliefs, prayer, meditation, and combinations of these, affect at least four interacting physiological systems: the brain, the endocrine system, ________________ and ____________________. (name the remaining two)

A) the muscle system and the bones
B) body temperature and resistance to infections
C) the spinal cord and kidneys
D) the heart and the lungs
E) the peripheral nervous system and the immune system

Question 14

In the United States, African Americans have the highest mortality on most causes of death, along with Native Americans.

Question 15

Younger and unmarried immigrants (age and marital status) are more likely to be registered voters in the United States.

Question 16

A study of Americans with both Japanese and European ancestors showed that those who looked distinctly Japanese tended to associate more with Japanese American identity. Yet those who looked distinctively European associated more with European American identity.

Question 17

Less education typically implies increased poverty for the family as well as the inter-generational transmission of poverty.

Question 18

There is a common folk belief that there is no such thing as mental disorder. All psychological dysfunctions are a form of punishment for sinful or inappropriate behavior in the past.

Question 19

As applied to cross-cultural psychology, "organization development" means the creation of an atmosphere that makes people feel that they all belong to the same cultural group.

Question 20

A common opinion within the field of psychology today is that it is reasonable to work within the client's belief system and the culture-specific components of his or her illness, without necessarily endorsing the validity of such beliefs

Question 21

On the basis of such comparative studies, researchers have found evidence that meditation and prayer do not affect any physiological or psychological processes of an individual.

Question 22

Contemporary science has no evidence that methods associated with spirituality improve recovery from acute illness.

Question 23

Contemporary science has evidence that that deeply religious people have a higher life expectancy.

Question 24

A person's recognition of emotions in different national groups is more accurate if this person has had significant contact with those groups.

Question 25

Psychologists have different views on when an individual's life ends. What is the official guideline or principle that defines the end of human life in the United States?

Question 26

Studies show that a key source in the transmission of AIDS in Africa is:

Question 27

As a managing editor of a popular website that specializes in international news, you refuse to post (publish) a picture of a U.S. diplomat changing her clothes in a locker room. Some of your subordinates complain that your action is political censorship. You reply that there is no politics in your action because you follow your own standards of decency. What type of censorship is this?

Question 28

In 2003, why did the Egyptian government ban the Hollywood blockbuster Matrix Reloaded?

Question 29

Since 2001, the Dutch parliament allowed doctors to inject a sedative and a lethal dose of muscle relaxant into adult terminal patients suffering great pain. What is the main condition under which this decision is made by a doctor?

Question 30

Does a university-trained professional have an obligation to raise doubts in the minds of the local population about the validity of supernatural beliefs explaining the nature and causes of psychological problems?

Question 31

What is the United Nations' contemporary policy regarding birth rates in the world's poor regions?

Question 32

What was the general comparative goal of the project by Iwin Leenen and colleagues conducted in poor rural areas in Guatemala?

Question 33

Why are many illegal immigrants afraid to speak up against inhumane practices and customs such as domestic violence and psychological abuse?

Question 34

A survey of 1,100 U.S. physicians found that a majority of doctors maintained a certain belief regarding medical miracles. What is this belief?

Question 35

Give examples of cultural customs that contradict the United Nations' position on the rights of women and children.

Question 36

Explain the reasons suggested by men in developing countries that justify high fertility rates.

Question 37

Describe two areas (mentioned in the text and related to international business negotiations) in which two negotiating sides should arrange an early agreement or understanding.

Question 38

Describe different cultural beliefs related to death that might affect medical decisions.

Question 39

Describe 3 different cultural beliefs and practices related to mental illness.

Question 40

Discuss the negative impact of acculturative stress on educational success of international students.

Question 41

Give examples of a conflict between cultural customs and the law.

Question 42

Why, in Africa (for example), are many doctors often unwilling to record AIDS as the cause of a person's death?

Question 43

Why can spiritual-based coping be a useful strategy to improve the quality of life for people with some crippling injuries?

Question 44

An individual who has left his or her native country and is unwilling or unable to return to it because of persecution or fear of persecution (because of race, religion, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion) is called a(n) ______________.

A) colonist
B) settler
C) explorer
D) immigrant
E) refugee

Question 45

In terms of conflict resolution, in countries with high-power distance, disagreements between two groups are typically resolved with the help of ____________________.

A) "Magical" powers and other paranormal activities
B) Money
C) Formal rules and procedures
D) Friendly advice from friends
E) Negotiations and voting

Question 46

Defenders of political censorship argue that restrictions on information are necessary to protect _________________.

A) mental health
B) social order and stability
C) cultural norms of collectivism
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) individual rights

Question 47

Which one on the list is not a common symptom of acculturative stress?

A) Nostalgic symptoms
B) Loss of control
C) Hallucinations and delusions
D) Dissatisfaction over language barriers
E) Dissatisfaction over perceived differences

Question 48

In the United States, African Americans have the highest mortality on most causes of death, along with Native Americans.

Question 49

Contemporary science has evidence that deeply religious people have a higher life expectancy.

Question 50

Contemporary science has no evidence that methods associated with spirituality improve recovery from acute illness.

Question 51

After 2001, the Dutch parliament allows doctors to inject a sedative and a lethal dose of muscle relaxant into an adult terminal patient suffering great pain. What is the main condition under which this decision is made by a doctor?