Deck 18: Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Question 1

What effect does maximum exercise have on oxygen diffusion capacity?

A) It can increase up to 3-fold
B) It can increase up to 10 fold
C) It can decrease by 33%
D) It can decrease by 10%

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What changes in ventilatory pattern would be expected during the third stage of moderate exercise?

A) alveolar ventilation stabilizes
B) alveolar ventilation returns to pre-exercise level
C) alveolar ventilation increases rapidly
D) alveolar ventilation gradually increases until maximum ventilation is reached

Answer 2

A

Question 3

By what amount can ventilation increase during strenuous exercise?

A) up to 20-fold increase
B) 10-fold increase
C) 5-fold increase
D) 2-fold increase

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following circulatory changes are expected during exercise?
I)Rate and strength of cardiac contractions increase
II)Blood vessels in working muscles constrict
III)Blood vessels of peripheral vascular system dilate
IV)Blood vessel of heart and brain constrict

A) I only
B) I, II, III and IV
C) I, II, and III only
D) II only

Question 5

At what exercise level would the alveolar-arterial PO₂ difference be expected to change?

A) It will increase when 40% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is reached
B) It will increase when 60% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is reached
C) It will start to decrease when 40% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is reached
D) It will start to decrease when 60% or more of maximum oxygen consumption is reached

Question 6

.During exercise,how much variation would be expected to occur in the systolic blood pressure?

A) increase by 20-80 mm Hg
B) increase by 40-100 mm Hg
C) increase less than 10 mm Hg
D) Systolic pressure would remain unchanged with exercise

Question 7

What is the formula for calculating the maximum heart rate?

A) maximum heart rate = 220 - (age in years)
B) maximum heart rate = 250- (age in years x 2)
C) maximum heart rate = 220 - (age in years x 1.5)
D) maximum heart rate = 250 -(age in years +20)

Question 8

Why would stroke volume increase during exercise?
I)Parasympathetic discharge increases cardiac contractility
II)Vasodilation of working muscles increases venous return to the heart
III)Vascoconstriction of peripheral venous blood reservoirs increases venous return

A) II and III only
B) I , II, and III
C) I only
D) I and III only

Question 9

What changes in arterial blood gases would be expected to occur exercise levels of 40% of maximum oxygen consumption?
I)PaO₂ would decrease
II)PaCO₂ would decrease
III)pH would remain unchanged

A) III only
B) I, II, and III
C) I only
D) II only

Question 10

In healthy adults at rest on FIO₂ 0.21,what does the mean alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference equal?

A) 10 mm Hg
B) 20 mm Hg
C) 30 mm Hg
D) 40 mm Hg

Question 11

At rest,what percent of the total oxygen consumption is consumed by the skeletal muscles ?

A) 35-40%
B) 25-30%
C) 10-15%
D) 50-55%

Question 12

How does the Frank-Starling curve affect stroke volume during exercise?

A) The increased venous return causes cardiac chambers to increase in size and thus contract with more force
B) The increased sympathetic stimulation causes the heart to be faster with smaller stroke volumes
C) The Frank-Starling curve is only activated when the heart rate reaches 90% of the maximum targeted rate
D) The Frank-Starling law only affects heart rate, not stroke volume

Question 13

What primary factor is responsible for the normal change in oxygen diffusion capacity during maximum exercise?

A) The increased cardiac output results in recuitment of pulmonary capillaries
B) The increased cardiac output results in increased ventilation/perfusion mismatch
C) Hyperventilation results in increased increased PaO₂s
D) Hyperventilation results in lowered H+ levels which shifts the oxygen dissociation curve

Question 14

Which of the following pathways likely contribute to increased ventilation during exercise?
I)Cerebral cortex
II)Proprioceptors in moving muscles,tendons and joints
III)Increased body temperature

A) I, II, and III
B) I and II only
C) II and III only
D) I and III only

Question 15

During heavy exercise,what change in CO can occur?

A) It can increase 8-fold
B) It can increase 4-fold
C) It can increase 25-fold
D) It can increase 2-fold

Question 16

During heavy exercise,what change in perfusion to working muscles can occur?

A) It can increase 25-fold
B) It can increase 8-fold
C) It can increase 12-fold
D) It can increase 4-fold

Question 17

During heavy exercise,what percent of the maximal exercise level is reached during the second stage?

A) 60-70%
B) 50-60%
C) 40-50%
D) 30-40%

Question 18

What change in ventilatory pattern is seen during the first stage of moderate exercise?

A) increase in alveolar ventilation within seconds after onset of exercise
B) increase in alveolar ventilation within minutes of onset of exercise
C) slight decrease in alveolar ventilation within seconds after onset of exercise
D) slight decrease in alveolar ventilation for first two minutes after onset of exercise

Question 19

During heavy exercise,what percent of the total oxygen consumption is consumed by the skeletal muscles?

A) 95% +
B) 75%
C) 55%
D) 35%

Question 20

What is the term for the point at which the energy pathways that produce lactic acid start to operate?

A) Anaerobic threshold
B) Aerobic threshold
C) Cardiovascular threshold
D) Isometric threshold

Question 21

What is the primary treatment for heat stroke?

A) Rapid reduction of body temperature
B) Rehydrate as rapidly as possible
C) Restore electrolytes as rapidly as possible
D) Reduce PaCO₂ as rapidly as possible

Question 22

What is the maximum cardiac output expected to be in marathon runners?

A) up to 40 L/min
B) up to 30 L/min
C) up to 20 L/min
D) up to 10 L/min

Question 23

What changes would be expected in blood vessels in the following areas during exercise?
I)Capillaries of working muscles would fully dilate
II)Visceral blood vessels would dilate
III)Blood vessels of non-working muscles would constrict

A) I and III only
B) I, II, and III
C) I only
D) II and III only

Question 24

At rest,what portion of the muscle capillaries are dilated?

A) 20-25%
B) 2-5%
C) 30-35%
D) 5-10%

Question 25

What percent of maximum can the respiratory system reach during extreme exercise?

A) 65%
B) 90%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 26

Which exhibits the highest percent of change in a marathon runner?
I)Cardiac output
II)Stroke volume
III)Heart rate

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II increase by the same amount

Question 27

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of heat stroke?
I)Absence of sweating
II)Muscle cramping
III)Circulatory collapse
IV)Confusion

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) II, III, and IV only
C) I, II and IV only
D) I and Ii only

Question 28

What increase in body heat production can occur during exercise?

A) 20-fold
B) 30-fold
C) 10-fold
D) 5-fold

Question 29

Which of the following can produce vasodilation of working muscles?
I)Adenosine triphosphate
II)Aldosterone
III)Acetylcholine
IV)Lactic acid

A) I, II, and III only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I only
D) IV only

Question 30

What changes would be expected in the size of the heart chambers and heart mass of a marathon runner?

A) Both would increase
B) Both would decrease
C) No change would occur
D) The size of the heart chambers would remain normal but the heart mass would increase

Question 31

Which of the following are benefits of moderate exercise?
I)Reduced stress,anxiety and depression
II)Reduced weight
III)Decreased bone density
IV)Improved sleep quality

A) I, III, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I and IV only
D) III and IV only

Question 32

What change would be expected in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during intense exercise?

A) Both should increase
B) Both should remain within normal limits
C) The mean pulmonary artery pressure would increase and PCWP would remain within normal limits
D) PCWP would increase but mean pulmonary artery pressure would drop due to the increased recruitment of pulmonary capillaries

Question 33

Which of the following are benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD?
I)Increased exercise capacity
II)Reduction in anxiety and depression
III)Increased hospital length of stay
IV)Improved upper arm strength and endurance

A) I , II, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I and IV only
D) I and II only

Question 34

What changes would be expected in the oxygen consumption and cardiac output when muscle work decreases?

A) Both would decrease
B) Both would increase
C) Oxygen consumption would remain unchanged but CO would decrease
D) Both would remain unchanged