Deck 8: Crime and the Surveillance Culture

Question 1

A smart phone has more computing power than the machines used by NASA in ______ to place two astronauts on the moon.

A) 1960
B) 1965
C) 1969
D) 1971

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In June 2013, Edward Snowden allegedly downloaded ______ million secret files about the NSA's covert and highly controversial practices.

A) 1
B) 1.5
C) 2
D) 2.5

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Edward Snowden was charged with violating the Espionage Act, an offense punishable by which of the following?

A) 10 years probation
B) 30 years imprisonment
C) 10 years probation and 30 years imprisonment
D) death

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Among Snowden's revelations were that the NSA, together with the British Intelligence Agency, collected the phone records of millions of citizens, accessed and collected data from Google and Facebook accounts via a program called ______.

A) prism
B) Trojan Horse
C) malware
D) none of these

Question 5

According to records, the United States spied on at least ______ foreign embassies using a variety of electronic surveillance methods.

A) 20
B) 31
C) 38
D) 43

Question 6

The panopticon was developed by 18th-century reformer ______.

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Cesare Beccaria
D) Jane Addams

Question 7

Writing about the plague at the end of the 17th century, ______ (1977) describes how certain areas of a town were cordoned off and kept under continuous vigil with guards inspecting every part of the town to ensure that no-one escaped to spread the disease further.

A) Jermy Bentham
B) Michel Foucault
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Cesare Beccaria

Question 8

______ was known as the first and now surpassed wave of electronic visual surveillance.

A) CCTV
B) Wiretaps
C) Ankle bracelet
D) Facial recognition

Question 9

Which of the following have been dubbed the "surveillant assemblage"?

A) ALPRs
B) CCTV
C) DMV records
D) all of these

Question 10

Taken together, ______ networks are said to constitute a "carceral society."

A) computers
B) telecommunications
C) people
D) all of these

Question 11

According to the authors, a great deal of surveillance is directed toward doing all of the following except:

A) monitoring.
B) codifying.
C) helping.
D) controlling.

Question 12

Surveillance occupies a central role in a broad strategy of social control that has moved from being only activated when rules are violated toward one that is ______

A) proactive, predictive, pre-crime
B) predictive, pre-crime, reactive
C) pre-crime, reactive, proactive
D) reactive, predictive, assistive

Question 13

The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is an umbrella service maintained by the ______.

A) CIA
B) NSA
C) FBI
D) DHS

Question 14

About ______ of all states and the federal government collect DNA samples from arrested suspects, while the others collect DNA samples upon conviction.

A) 7
B) 12
C) 21
D) 25+

Question 15

The "Uniting and Strengthening of America to Provide Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001" (USA PATRIOT Act) was passed after ______.

A) the Benghazi attacks
B) the War in Iraq
C) 9/11 attacks
D) Boston Marathon bombing

Question 16

The ______ were a period of rapid expansion for CCTV.

A) 1970s
B) 1980s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s

Question 17

In the 1990s, the United Kingdom invested ______% of its crime prevention budget in CCTV technologies.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 85

Question 18

The NSA Utah Data Center cost ______ to construct and will cost nearly 50 million a year to operate

A) 510 million
B) 780 million
C) 1.5 billion
D) 10.7 billion

Question 19

Which of the following films uses technology to predict crime?

A) Minority Report
B) The Public Enemy
C) Kill Bill
D) Goodfellas

Question 20

Minority Report (2005) was set in a police state, circa ______.

A) 2020
B) 2035
C) 2054
D) 2079

Question 21

Which of the following variables are far from being mutually exclusive?

A) control of the body
B) governance
C) profit
D) all of these

Question 22

Which of the following individuals was identified as the WikiLeaks source?

A) Chelsea (formerly Bradley) Manning
B) Edward Snowden
C) Mark Felt
D) Mark Whitacre

Question 23

Those most subject to surveillance are likely to be all of the following except:

A) impoverished.
B) use computers and phones.
C) privileged.
D) use credit cards.

Question 24

Many workers welcome the "electronic supervisor" because it provides protection against:

A) unfair work distribution.
B) violence and bullying.
C) accusations of negligence.
D) all of these.

Question 25

The Panopticon has been a useful metaphor for the notion of surveillance as social control and has given rise to all of the following except:

A) synopticism.
B) super-panopticism.
C) super-synopticism.
D) postpanopticism.

Question 26

Snowden's fate remains uncertain but, while the U.S. Government have branded him a traitor and criminal, his alter-ego as patriot and hero.

Question 27

The figure of "Big Brother" is an all-seeing, all-knowing, invisible super-power.

Question 28

In academic discussions of surveillance, however, the dominant metaphor has been that of the synopticon.

Question 29

The panoptic effects of CCTV systems, first introduced as a "closed circuit" of dedicated cameras, are unlimited.

Question 30

CCTV systems that operate in public spaces, such as streets, are monitored continuously.

Question 31

ALPR units affixed to police patrol cars automatically geocode each vehicle a specific location, thereby creating a massive searchable database of vehicle locations.

Question 32

The use of fingerprinting has expanded to include privileged cardholders, frequent flyers, club members, library users, and children.

Question 33

DNA cannot be cloned.

Question 34

Surveillance systems underpin crime control policies.

Question 35

"Classical" criminological theories view crime as opportunistic and "normal."

Question 36

In the landmark 5-4 Supreme Court ruling in Maryland v. King, the legality of DNA collection prior to conviction was upheld.

Question 37

There are two aspects of security commonly discussed in the criminological literature on surveillance: personal safety and the security of happiness.

Question 38

For Foucault, panoptic surveillance targets the soul.

Question 39

Synopticism is where the few observe the many.

Question 40

There exists software capable of sifting through any written communication and spotting when the writer is lying or confused about the facts.

Question 41

What is the panopticon's purpose? Was the design ever realized? Do you believe that the panopticon would be effective for social institutions? Why or why not?

Question 42

What are biometrics?

Question 43

What did the USA PATRIOT Act do?

Question 44

What is the panoptic sort?

Question 45

Set in a police state, circa 2054, Minority Report seamlessly combines current allegiances to proactive "pre-crime" strategies with an equally contemporary faith in "new age" prescience to raise questions about the ethics of taking predictions as "facts." Do you believe that thinking about criminal acts is the same as committing them? What civil liberties issues can arise from this?