Deck 8: Gender-Based Abuse GBA

Question 1

Which of the following terms did not exist until 1974?

A) date rape
B) battered woman
C) stalking
D) sexual harassment

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which crime was first defined as a criminal behavior in the 1990s?

A) sexual harassment
B) date rape
C) stalking
D) battery

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which word is often used to describe those who have been sexually abused and/or abused by a current or former intimate partner or date?

A) target
B) sufferer
C) survivor
D) victim

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Scholars prefer to use which term when referring to victims of gender-based abuse is ______.

A) victim
B) survivor
C) sufferer
D) target

Question 5

According to Russell (1984), the term ______ is too restrictive.

A) sexual misconduct
B) sexual assault
C) sexual exploitation
D) sexual harassment

Question 6

The term gender-based abuse first appeared in scholarly publications pertaining to ______.

A) criminology
B) health care
C) sociology
D) culture

Question 7

Which gender-based abuse is considered a form of human trafficking in other countries?

A) infibulation
B) global surrogacy
C) human sacrifice
D) honor murders

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a gender-based abuse, whereby a poor woman in another country is implanted with the fertilized egg of a couple in a wealthier country?

A) surrogacy
B) obstetric fistula
C) infibulation
D) clitoridectomy

Question 9

Girls/women who are forced into the global surrogacy industry are more likely to be from which of the following countries?

A) Canada
B) India
C) United States
D) Norway

Question 10

Which of the following is a preventable medical ailment common in Kenya and Nigeria, which can lead to serious health problems including death?

A) surrogacy
B) fistula
C) infibulation
D) clitoridectomy

Question 11

Taking a sexual image of someone and distributing it online without the consent of the individual depicted in the image is an example of ______.

A) blackmail
B) hostile sexism
C) cyberbullying
D) revenge porn

Question 12

Which of the following gender-based abuses discussed in the text is a relatively new phenomenon?

A) elder abuse
B) revenge porn
C) honor murders
D) forced marriage

Question 13

The mechanism that channels toxic masculinity into specific, socially legitimized practices of sexual violence is referred to as ______ culture.

A) prison
B) sexist
C) rape
D) toxic

Question 14

Misogyny, homophobia, greed, and violent domination are aspects of ______.

A) rape culture
B) prison subcultures
C) toxic masculinity
D) gender socializations

Question 15

Girls/women are often rewarded for what type of behavior?

A) passivity
B) masculine
C) aggressiveness
D) intolerance

Question 16

Gender stereotypes in the world and media are often reaffirmed when women and girls are characterized as ______.

A) disempowered
B) violent
C) controlling
D) domineering

Question 17

Which of the following childhood fairy tales teaches us to fear predatory men but to rely on good men to save us from predatory men?

A) Hansel and Gretel
B) Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
C) Goldilocks and the Three Bears
D) Little Red Riding Hood

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a rape myth that is often repeated in U.S. newspaper articles?

A) Rape is rare.
B) The crime of rape is a societal problem.
C) Survivors are not responsible for their victimizations.
D) Rapists are always someone who is known to the survivor.

Question 19

The belief that states people have a need to believe that their environment is orderly and that people usually get what they deserve is consistent with the ______.

A) equal treatment
B) chivalry
C) just world
D) evil woman

Question 20

Which belief is useful to understand the human tendency to blame survivors?

A) just world
B) equal treatment
C) chivalry
D) evil woman

Question 21

There is evidence that victim-blaming is prevalent among women survivors of ______.

A) workplace harassment
B) stalking
C) cyberbullying
D) sexism

Question 22

Victim-blaming for the intimate partner abuse (IPA) survivor usually comes in the form of which question?

A) "Why does she stay with him?"
B) "Does she love him?"
C) "Is it worth it?"
D) "Will she ever leave?"

Question 23

Susan Brownmiller's Against Our Will (1975) was the first widely read feminist analysis of ______.

A) trafficking
B) stalking
C) rape
D) sexual harassment

Question 24

Which of the following statements pertaining to gender inequality is true?

A) It is often heightened during conflict and wars.
B) It is limited to physical power.
C) It is restricted to war-torn countries.
D) It is not typically considered a risk factor for increased gender-based abuse.

Question 25

In a study conducted by Campbell and her colleagues (2019), they found that promoting gender equity at the ______ level could reduce homicide rates.

A) local
B) state
C) national
D) global

Question 26

Which theoretical approach is consistent with Browmiller's (1975) claim that men use rape and the threat of rape to control women?

A) physical vulnerability
B) gender socialization
C) patriarchy
D) shadow of sexual assault

Question 27

According to the text, who is more likely to have a worse experience in the criminal legal system?

A) abled women
B) White women
C) LGBTQI+ women
D) affluent women

Question 28

White coworkers making comments about African American women's clothing, implying that they look like sex workers or that their clothes are exotic or offensive, is an example of racialized ______.

A) discrimination
B) sexual harassment
C) prejudice
D) sexism

Question 29

An increase in ______ is correlated with a higher risk of gender-based abuse victimization.

A) oppression
B) equality
C) justice
D) fairness

Question 30

According to the author, there is a strong relationship between the risk of gender-based abuse victimizations and ______.

A) age
B) heterosexuality
C) education
D) equality

Question 31

Which activist publicized the focus of accusing African American men/boys of raping White women/girls, whereas the rape of African American women/girls by White men/boys was overlooked?

A) Sojourner Truth
B) Ida B. Wells
C) Anna J. Cooper
D) Rosa Parks

Question 32

The stereotypes of ______ women are still in effect from them being trafficked to serve as prostitutes for the male gold mining community.

A) Latinx
B) Native American
C) Black
D) Asian American

Question 33

According to Butler (2015), racial constructs of ______ were used to justify slavery and colonization.

A) Blacks and Native Americans
B) Native Americans and Asian Americans
C) Asian Americans and Latinx
D) Latinx and Blacks

Question 34

The provisions of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) focus on ______.

A) institutionalization
B) immigration
C) criminalization
D) reintegration

Question 35

Which of the following statements pertaining to trafficking is true?

A) Documented and undocumented immigrants are at equal risk.
B) International and domestic trafficking is the same thing.
C) U.S. immigration laws and policies unintentionally assist human traffickers.
D) It only occurs in impoverished countries.

Question 36

Which type of gender-based abuse is considered to be one of the most serious human rights violations and fastest growing industries in the world?

A) political oppression
B) genocide
C) human trafficking
D) torture

Question 37

According to 10-year core studies mandated by the FDA of silicone implants, which of the following is more likely to happen?

A) anaplastic large cell lymphoma
B) rupture
C) capsular contracture
D) reoperation

Question 38

Although rare, one of the most serious complications associated with breast implants is ______.

A) nerve changes
B) anaplastic large cell lymphoma
C) capsular contracture
D) persistent pain

Question 39

The most common complication from breast implants is ______.

A) persistent pain
B) capsular contracture
C) fluid accumulation
D) leakage or rupture

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of an unethical violation associated with breast implants?

A) Mandatory assessment reports are readily available to health care professionals and the public.
B) Despite the safety concerns associated with silicone implants, they are still allowed.
C) Manufacturers do not disclose whether they are filled with saline or silicone.
D) Published safety evaluations are often written by researchers paid by the implant corporations.

Question 41

Gender-based abuse as corporate crime is most frequently seen in which industry?

A) egg harvesting
B) surrogacy
C) sex worker
D) feminine hygiene products

Question 42

According to the text, much of the corporate or organizational victimization has to do with ______.

A) climate change
B) breast implants
C) worker death
D) fraud

Question 43

Which of the following statements pertaining to egg donating/sharing is true?

A) Hyperovulation can lead to an increase in certain types of cancers.
B) Women are not fazed by the compensation and as such make informed decisions.
C) Research on the effects of the procedure are well-documented.
D) Ethical concerns regarding egg sharing have been addressed.

Question 44

Which of the following characteristics is associated with the women who are most sought after for donating/sharing their eggs?

A) They are middle-aged.
B) They are White.
C) They have children.
D) They are married.

Question 45

Which of the following statements pertaining to the discussion on environmental and green crimes is true?

A) Environmental crimes contribute to existing inequities.
B) These types of crimes are not allowed by laws.
C) Green victims do not include humans, only animals, plants, and ecosystems.
D) Climate change, just like gender, is considered a natural fact.

Question 46

In This Changes Everything (2015), Naomi Klein identifies which of the following as the primary cause of global warming?

A) neoliberal political economy
B) socialist political economy
C) conservative political economy
D) Keynesian political economy

Question 47

Which type of crime is often allowed (or simply not covered by) laws but includes social harms and violations of the law resulting from "environmentally damaging behaviors?"

A) green crimes
B) occupational crimes
C) state-corporate crimes
D) white-collar crimes

Question 48

The rape of Indigenous women and girls has often been described as ______.

A) colonial brutalization
B) colonial annihilation
C) colonial genocide
D) colonial terror

Question 49

Which racial and ethnic group has the highest homicide victimization rate in Canada and the United States?

A) Whites
B) Latinx
C) Indigenous
D) African Americans

Question 50

How does Black feminist scholar, Bell Hooks (1984), describe the criminal legal system in the United States?

A) trustworthy
B) equitable
C) legitimate
D) hierarchical

Question 51

Until the second wave of the feminist/women's movement, women and girls were largely invisible.

Question 52

Violence against women is the most common and most invisible human rights violation in the world.

Question 53

Almost all violence is abuse, but abuse is often nonviolent.

Question 54

Gender-based abuse occurs across all geographical regions, societies, and times.

Question 55

Gender-based abuses do not include victimizations associated with reproductive freedom.

Question 56

The global surrogacy industry is an example of gender-based abuse.

Question 57

Elder abuse is considered to be a type of gender-based abused because it is committed disproportionately against women.

Question 58

Gender-role stereotyping begins after birth.

Question 59

Most gender-based abuse is committed by men who know the women/girls they abuse.

Question 60

Higher gender inequality, whether caused by war or not, is associated with higher gender-based abuse.

Question 61

Research consistently indicates that, in general, women are more likely than men to be survivors of crime.

Question 62

With the exception of murder, rape is the most fear-inducing crime.

Question 63

The criminal legal system and society tend to minimize gender-based abuses, especially if the survivors are of color and/or poor.

Question 64

Today's antitrafficking movement addresses the racial contours of domestic sex trafficking in the United States.

Question 65

Paying to change one's own or one's child body is highly gendered a billion-dollar industry.

Question 66

The breast implant industry and the egg donor market can be viewed as corporate violence against women and girls.

Question 67

Both gender and climate change are natural thoughts, neither are socially constructed.

Question 68

Gender-based abuse against Indigenous women and girls is mostly perpetrated by nonnative men.

Question 69

Most rape/sexual assault is interracial.

Question 70

Gender-based abuses are some of the most reported crimes against persons in the criminal legal system worldwide.

Question 71

Explain the wide range of gender-based abuses.

Question 72

Explain the just world belief. Why is useful?

Question 73

Discuss the four theoretical approaches that have been used to account for gender differences in the fear of crime.

Question 74

What are some examples of corporate or environmental gender-based abuses?

Question 75

Explain the significance of the "Highway of Tears."