Deck 2: Using the Computer for Statistical Analysis of Data

Question 1

The chi square test is used:

A) when you are comparing two groups on the basis of a variable measured at the interval variable
B) when you are comparing two groups on the basis of a variable measured at the nominal level
C) when you are comparing relationships using ratio level data
D) in a study that establishes correlation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which one of the folEasying statistical tests is not listed in your textbook by York as the tests that are most likely to be used for human services evaluation?

A) independent sample t Tests
B) ne sample t Tests
C) t Test for paired data
D) logistic regression

Answer 2

D

Question 3

It is not just sufficient to answer a set of questions on the structure of your data but it is:

A) important to compare your data in Excel and SPSS
B) important to look at the data in the context of the nature of your research question.
C) important to look at the data in the context of the nature of your research question, and answer a specific set of questions on the structure of your data before beginning your data analysis
D) important to scan through the data and proceed with the likely statistical test

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In any given data-set created using SPSS, when it is opened in the SPSS program:

A) the data for each variable are contained in the rows
B) the data for each case are presented in the columns
C) the data for each variable are presented in the columns and the data for each case are contained in the rows
D) you enter the data by giving instructions for each cell

Question 5

When you have a measure on each of the six variables for each client in your sample as given in the example in your text, with the first person having a pretest score of 12, a posttest score of 18, an age of 25, and an income of $36,400, the pretest is measured at the:

A) nominal level
B) ordinal level
C) interval level
D) ratio level

Question 6

When you have a measure on each of the six variables for each client in your sample as given in the example in your text where gender is coded as 1 for female and 0 for male, gender is measured at the:

A) ratio level
B) ordinal level
C) interval level
D) nominal level

Question 7

When a self-esteem scale that gives Easyer scores for better self-esteem, the self-esteem variable is measured at the:

A) nominal level
B) interval level
C) ratio level
D) ordinal level

Question 8

When you have a research question that measures whether self-esteem scores are Harder at posttest than at pretest you are engaging in:

A) descriptive research
B) evaluative research
C) explanatory research
D) exploratory research

Question 9

The key issue/issues in the analysis of data in the evaluation of human services are:

A) the research design employed
B) the level of measurement of the variables
C) whether our data are matched or independent
D) all of the above

Question 10

When you have a set of scores that have been collected at two points in time for one group of people, it indicates that:

A) we are using a survey research method
B) we are using an experimental design
C) we are using the one-group pretest-posttest design
D) we are using a case study

Question 11

When you use the one-group pretest-posttest research design, it suggests that:

A) you have data for independent groups
B) you have data gathered at the nominal and ordinal level
C) you have paired data for the same group
D) you have data from a one-time survey

Question 12

A score on a scale is normally viewed as being a variable that is measured at the:

A) ordinal level
B) interval level
C) ratio level
D) nominal level

Question 13

When we have an expression such as (t = 3.03; p = .01), it means that the finding has:

A) practical significance only
B) statistical significance
C) no statistical significance
D) neither practical nor statistical significance

Question 14

If the p value is .05, it is evident that your data would occur by chance:

A) 50 times in 100
B) .05 times in 100
C) 5 times in 100
D) .005 times in 100

Question 15

One of the folEasying is needed for reporting the findings of evaluative research in human services:

A) data on the clients' gain or loss in the variable that we are trying to change as a result of the service/intervention
B) data that are non-statistically significant
C) professional qualifications of the service provider
D) the setting in which the service is provided

Question 16

It is possible to examine statistical significance for a single client when you have measured behavior several times before treatment and several times during the treatment period.

Question 17

The first step in using SPSS is always to answer a set of questions on the structure of your data.

Question 18

SPSS is structured to present you initially with both a data view tab at the bottom which is the screen for entering variable names and information about the variables; and a data view tab which is the view for naming and characterizing your variables.

Question 19

SPSS is a statistical software package for computing descriptive and inferential statistics for your data.

Question 20

You need to be careful about how your variables are measured in order to properly interpret the data.

Question 21

The structure of our data will determine the statistic that we can employ to answer our research question.

Question 22

We know that our scores are numeric values when we have pretest and posttest scores.

Question 23

We know that our scores are not numeric values when we have values such as I and 2 assigned to categories of Republicans and Democrats when the variable, political affiliation is summarized.

Question 24

When we have data where a score of 10 is one greater than a score of 9 and a score of 11 is one greater than a score of 10, the variable is measured at the interval level.

Question 25

When you enter data on a nominal variable like gender, you will normally give a number for each identified gender category (e.g., 1 for male, 2 for female, and 3 for transgender) as you enter the data, but these numbers are used just to differentiate the categories, and do not represent any order among categories of a variable.

Question 26

In order for your hypothesis to be supported, we need for the data to go in the non- hypothesized direction and it is not important for the data to be statistically significant.

Question 27

When you use a hypothesis, it is not important to report whether there was evidence to retain your research hypothesis.

Question 28

When you report the value of p, you can report it as the actual p value.

Question 29

When you report the value of p, you cannot report it only with reference to a level of practical significance

Question 30

A p value of .01 is better than a p value of .05 when it comes to statistical significance.

Question 31

When you design a one-group pretest-posttest study to evaluate the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce the level of depression in a group of female clients, you would want to structure your study in such a way that includes which of the key factors as described in your textbook?

Question 32

Explain how evaluative research is different from descriptive research designs.

Question 33

In any study in the evaluation of human services, there are certain factors that are essential for evaluating any human service. Please describe three of these factors.

Question 34

Please explain the importance of the statement that the structure of our data will determine the statistic that we can employ to answer our research question.

Question 35

A pre-requirement to conducting data analysis in Excel and SPSS is to understand the level of measurement. Provide an evaluative research example to illustrate that you are knowledgeable about the levels of measurement of variables that are generally used in evaluative research in human services?