Deck 7: Marriage and the Family

Question 1

At one point in time, it was assumed to be natural that people who loved each other got married, that sexual love bound men and women permanently to one another, and that heterosexual married lovers would have children. Contemporary debates surrounding gay marriage, however, are an example of what social process?

A) Denaturalization
B) Perversion
C) Declining family values
D) Postmodern revolution
E) All of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In recent decades, changes in family structure in the United States can be attributed to:

A) A decline in the proportion of single-income families.
B) More children now living with single mothers.
C) A significant upsurge in dual-income families.
D) All of the above
E) a and b only

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Marriage and the family are examples of __________________, or institutions that structure socialization and the affectual life.

A) Primary agents of socialization
B) Social Structure
C) Micro-institutions
D) Macro-institutions
E) None of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is an example of a functionalist argument?

A) Women are required to stay home and dedicate themselves to domestic tasks so that men are able to work outside the home, supporting the economy, and children are properly socialized.
B) Men are better in business because they are naturally more assertive and dominating than women.
C) Women are paid less than men, even when working similar jobs, because patriarchy continues to influence contemporary society.
D) Both a and b, but not c
E) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is not a trend in recent marriage statistic that poses a major challenge to naturalistic views of marriage?

A) Marriages have been postponed.
B) Couples no longer 'have to' get married, and are exploring other relationships and living arrangements.
C) Fewer couples are having children
D) More marriages are likely to end in divorce.
E) None of the above

Question 6

The way in which work responsibilities inside and outside of the home are allocated between men and women might be referred to as:

A) Patriarchy
B) Stratification
C) Gendered Division of Labor
D) Personal responsibility
E) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a rate?

A) The number of divorces in a given year
B) The number of children in a given household
C) The speed limit on a highway
D) The market value of goods produced in a particular country in a year (GDP)
E) All of the above

Question 8

In postmodern society, many women are choosing to delay marriage. According to Chapter 7, why is this significant?

A) Women who choose to delay marriage often face a restricted supply of available partners.
B) It is evidence that gender roles and societal values are changing; many women are pursuing career opportunities before marriage and family.
C) As a result of many women getting married at an older age, more couples are choosing not to have children.
D) It is evidence that marriage patterns are becoming a matter of choice, rather than social requirement.
E) All of the above

Question 9

Increasing support for non-heterosexual relationships, such as civil unions and same sex partnerships, might be considered as evidence that:

A) Family values in the United States and around the world are rapidly deteriorating.
B) Conservatives are gradually losing their hold on American politics.
C) In postmodern society there are many different ways to love, to couple, and to make commitments of an emotional kind.
D) Both a and b, but not c
E) None of the above

Question 10

According to Chapter 7, what legal term might be used to describe marriage?

A) Subpoena
B) Prosecution
C) Contract
D) Estate planning
E) None of the above

Question 11

France has created a new form of legal partnership which gives couples some of the benefits and responsibilities of marriage, but not all. This is one example of a phenomenon referred to as:

A) Civil Solidarity
B) Naturalization of Contracts
C) Declining Morality
D) Transformation of Marriage
E) None of the above

Question 12

A family organization consisting of a husband, wife, and the children who are their offspring is called:

A) Nuclear Family
B) Extended Family
C) Bionic Family
D) Detached Family
E) None of the above

Question 13

A family organization that combines several generations and a variety of different kinship relations is called:

A) Nuclear Family
B) Extended Family
C) Bionic Family
D) Detached Family
E) None of the above

Question 14

What distinction does William Goode draw between a 'family unit' and a 'family system'?

A) A family unit operates like a team, where every one works together on the same tasks. A family system operates like a factory in which every individual has their own task along the assembly line.
B) In a family unit, all the family members live together in a single home. In a family system, different family members live in different locations.
C) A family system refers to the more traditional notion of family in which the individuals are interdependent and work together as a microsocial system. A family unit refers to the modern family in which the family is a self-sustaining group.
D) Both a and b, but not c
E) None of the above

Question 15

According to Chapter 7, what change in society contributed heavily to the emergence of the conjugal family?

A) The American Revolution
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The Sexual Revolution
D) The Marxist Revolution
E) None of the above

Question 16

In addition to the positive implications of the conjugal family, there were also negative implications. Which of the following statements describes one of the negative implications of the conjugal family discussed in Chapter 7?

A) Restrictive protective legislation that safe guarded women and children from the harsh conditions of industrial labor ultimately separated these groups entirely from economic life.
B) Women were relegated to the home, and expected to take on the primary role of socializing the children, rather than participating in economic production outside of the home.
C) Women were expected to remain at home and raise the children, yet at the same time were criticized for being incapable of active participation in public life.
D) Men defined their home-bound and economically dependent wives as being inferior.
E) All of the above

Question 17

A set of ideologies that promote women's equality and the end of sexist practices or a framework used to observe and interpret gender is referred to as:

A) Feminism
B) Equalism
C) Gender Confusion
D) Queer Theory
E) None of the above

Question 18

The postmodern process by which strict divisions between male/female, public/private, and instrumental/expressive characterizing the modern family have been undone is sometimes called:

A) Degendering
B) the Equal Rights Movement
C) Feminist Activism
D) Both a and c, but not b
E) None of the above

Question 19

According to Chapter 7, what consequences of reproductive technology might we see in the future?

A) Heterosexuality is no longer necessary for the traditional parents and children model of family.
B) Pressures such as a woman's 'biological clock' may become unimportant. This would open up the sequence of the life cycle significantly.
C) Childrearing can take place at any time in adult life.
D) Longer life spans in general further reduce the centrality of childrearing to family life.
E) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is not an example of how parenting has been denaturalized in postmodern society?

A) Single parents have drawn on and created new resources for socialization which extend beyond biological parenting.
B) Many mothers continue to take time away from their career to instead stay at home and raise their children.
C) Remarriage rates continue to be high, posing new opportunities for parenting responsibilities and blended families.
D) Both a and b, but not c
E) None of the above

Question 21

Which group often lodges the critique of post-modernity that family is breaking down and its significance is declining?

A) Traditionalists
B) Functionalists
C) Feminists
D) Both a and b, but not c
E) None of the above

Question 22

With sexual love being separated from marriage, and with procreation being separated from coupling, there has been decreasing support for non-heterosexual relationships to be legitimated in some formal way.

Question 23

Because cultural norms suggest that women should not marry younger men, and men have a tendency to marry women several years younger than them, this can cause a 'crunch' or 'squeeze' for women who choose to marry later.

Question 24

The naturalistic approach toward marriage denies that social institutions can take many forms or that they can change in response to the political, economic, and cultural pressures and influences of time.

Question 25

Today Sweden has the highest number of teen pregnancies among the fully industrialized countries.

Question 26

Marriage is a type of contract.

Question 27

Nuclear families also fit the description of a conjugal family.

Question 28

The advantage of the consanguineal family is that it is less stable. The broader family system is likely to be ended by disruptions such as death, financial difficulties, or divorce.

Question 29

When the conjugal family began to replace the consanguineal family, secondary socialization institutions, such as schools, began to be formalized.

Question 30

One important implication of the emergence of conjugal families is that men and women began to marry for love rather than purely practical reasons.

Question 31

The choice to end marriages, to bring children into the world without husbands, and to enter into the workforce full time while balancing domestic responsibilities is solely an individual choice.

Question 32

The transformation of marriage and family might be described as a new kind of consanguineal family system.