Deck 7: Aggression

Question 1

All of the following elements are necessary aspects of aggression, EXCEPT:

A) Motivation to avoid the behaviour on the part of the target
B) Intention to cause harm
C) Belief that the behaviour will harm the target
D) Physical assault
E) Behaviour directed towards another individual

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to Kistner et al.'s (2010) distinction, gossiping and spreading false stories are best described as examples of which type of aggression?

A) Direct
B) Indirect
C) Relational
D) Physical
E) Reactive

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which famous psychologist specifically argued in a 2011 popular press book that human violence has declined substantially, especially in Western societies?

A) Albert Bandura
B) Daniel Schacter
C) Philip G. Zimbardo
D) Stanley Milgram
E) Stephen Pinker

Answer 3

E

Question 4

According to Kendler et al.'s (2015) twin study what percentage of individual differences in violent crime could be accounted for by genetic factors?

A) 35
B) 45
C) 55
D) 85
E) 75

Question 5

Which percentage range best fits with the research into individual differences in aggression as a result of genetic factors?

A) 40-45%
B) 45-50%
C) 35-40%
D) 50-55%
E) 55-60%

Question 6

High levels of which hormone are associated with reduced impulse control and self-regulation?

A) Leptin
B) Estrogen
C) Insulin
D) Testosterone
E) Melatonin

Question 7

Which of these was NOT a conclusion in the review by Carré and Archer (2018) of research on testosterone administration and aggressive behaviour?

A) Testosterone administration increases aggressive behaviour more in competitive than non-competitive situations
B) Testosterone administration increases aggression more in high-dominance than low-dominance men.
C) Short-term administration of testosterone is more likely than long-term administration to increase aggressive behaviour
D) The findings support the theory that high levels of testosterone are of value to men in competitive situations (e.g., sexual selection)
E) This theory is excessively narrow in that it de-emphasises social factors associated with gender differences in aggression

Question 8

According to Dollard et al.'s (1939) formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which of the following directly leads to frustration?

A) External factors preventing achievement of a desired goal
B) Drive to aggress
C) Others' aggressive behaviour directed towards the self
D) Increased cortisol
E) Denial of emotions

Question 9

Which researcher is known for developing social learning theory?

A) Leyens
B) Bandura
C) Bonta
D) Lundahl
E) Skinner

Question 10

A famous (1963) social learning experiment involved an inflatable doll called:

A) Bozo
B) Little Albert
C) Bully
D) Bobo
E) Mr Pickles

Question 11

Comstock and Paik (1991) identified all of the following as factors that increase the effects of media violence on aggression EXCEPT for when:

A) Violent individuals are portrayed as similar to the viewer
B) Violent behaviour is presented as an efficient way of getting what one wants
C) The victim's suffering is shown
D) Violent behaviour is presented naturalistically
E) The viewer is emotionally excited while watching the violence

Question 12

Ferguson (2015) reported that video games have these effects on children's well-being:

A) No significant
B) Significant negative
C) Minimal deleterious
D) Significant positive
E) Major deleterious

Question 13

What do Patterson et al. (1992) mean by a coercive cycle of aggression within the family?

A) Parent coerces aggression in the child
B) Child coerces aggression in the parent
C) A small increase in aggression by the parent or child is matched or exceeded by the other person's aggressive behaviour
D) Most aggressive behaviour displayed by parents and their children in aggressive families is an attempt to stop the other person being aggressive to them
E) All of the above

Question 14

Which factor (s) does Krahé (2020) link to aggression?

A) Social learning
B) Frustration aggression
C) Parental style
D) Contagion
E) Genetics

Question 15

The general aggression model involves how many stages?

A) Five
B) Four
C) Three
D) Six
E) Seven

Question 16

Which of these is NOT a proximal factor?

A) Personality
B) Frustration
C) Hostile biases
D) Cultural stereotypes
E) Noise

Question 17

Which aspect of child-based interventions for aggression did Wilson et al. (2003) find to be most effective?

A) Meditation
B) Breathing
C) Social competence training
D) Behvaioural interventions
E) Family education about the coercive cycle

Question 18

Which of the following is not part of social competence training?

A) Communication skills
B) Empathy
C) Conflict resolution
D) Self-statements
E) Venting aggression

Question 19

The time-out and incompatible-response techniques are examples of which method of reducing aggression in children?

A) Behavioural intervention
B) Social C=competence training
C) Parent training
D) Pharmacological intervention
E) Aversion therapy

Question 20

Which factor(s) does Hendricks et al. (2018) identify as critical in aggression reduction interventions?

A) Role modelling
B) Parental involvement
C) Social support
D) Clear guidance
E) Follow-up support