Deck 16: Social Perception and Attraction

Question 1

Heider (1958) used which metaphor to describe how people try to understand each other's behaviour?

A) Naive scientist
B) Cognitive miser
C) Motivated tactician
D) Consistency seeker
E) Social butterfly

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Heider (1958), a dispositional attribution is made when we decide that someone's behaviour is due to:

A) Their physical environment
B) The particulars of the situation
C) Their personality
D) Their friends' expectations
E) The immediately preceding events

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Krull et al. (2008) found that participants' impressions formed of a teenage girl depended less on her actual behaviour than:

A) The total number of participants in the room
B) Her motives
C) Her style of dress
D) Her class status
E) Her height and weight

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Asch (1946) assumed that the most important central trait is:

A) Warmth
B) Vigilance
C) Tension
D) Self-reliance
E) Dominance

Question 5

The theory that we assume an individual who has one particular personality trait will have other, related traits is best termed:

A) Sphere of influence
B) Implicit personality
C) Affiliated trait
D) Implied traits
E) Focalism

Question 6

Brambilla et al. (2019) provide evidence for THIS key aspect of character as a central trait?

A) Sociability
B) Intelligence
C) Competence
D) Warmth
E) Morality

Question 7

The claim that first impressions tend to be more important than later ones in determining our opinion of others is termed the:

A) Implicit bias
B) Initial tendency
C) Primacy effect
D) Recency effect
E) Priming effect

Question 8

Women with all EXCEPT the following characteristics are generally perceived to be more physically attractive:

A) Wide cheekbones
B) Large eyes
C) Closely spaced eyes
D) Small nose
E) Small chin

Question 9

Griffin and Langlois (2006) reported evidence most strongly favouring the notion that:

A) Being unattractive is a disadvantage
B) Being attractive is a positive advantage
C) Being unattractive is a positive advantage
D) Being attractive is a disadvantage
E) None of these

Question 10

Langlois et al. (2000) reported that more attractive than unattractive adults had all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT:

A) Were less unhealthy
B) More self-confidence
C) Better social skills
D) Less sexual experience
E) More extraversion

Question 11

Anderson et al.'s (1992) study indicated that what percentage of respondents preferred slender body type for females in cultures in which the food supply was very unreliable:

A) 71
B) 22
C) 5
D) 0
E) 17

Question 12

The false consensus effect refers to the tendency to overestimate:

A) How affable heavier people are
B) How attractive tall people are
C) How similar other people are to us
D) How different we are from other people
E) How likely a decision was in hindsight

Question 13

Which of these findings is true of Sels et al.'s (2020) research into actual and perceived similarity in heterosexual romantic couples

A) Emotional similarity and perceived emotional similarity influence love
B) Emotional similarity not perceived emotional similarity influence love
C) Perceived emotional similarity not emotional similarity influence love
D) Perceived emotional similarity does not influence love
E) Emotional similarity does not influence love

Question 14

According to Sprecher's (1998) research, which is more important specifically in romantic relationships?

A) Dissimilarity of interests over dissimilarity of leisure activities
B) Similarity of interests over similarity of values
C) Similarity of leisure activities over similarity of attitudes
D) Similarity of leisure activities over interests
E) Similarity of attitudes over similarity of interests

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true, according to Collins and Miller's (1994) review?

A) Individuals disclosing much intimate information about themselves are better liked than those who disclose little
B) Increased familiarity tends to lead to decreases in self-disclosure
C) Individuals disclose more personal information to those whom they already like
D) Individuals who disclose personal information to someone else tend to like the person they told more as a result
E) Individuals are less likely to self-disclose information to people they have neutral feelings towards than to those they have more positive feelings towards

Question 16

According to evolutionary theory, women generally prefer older men to younger ones primarily because older men are:

A) More likely to provide emotional support
B) More likely to be fertile
C) More amenable to adapting to her ways
D) More likely to provide for the needs of offspring
E) Likely to have had more experience in previous relationships

Question 17

Which of these factors do women attach lower importance to than men according to Walter et al. (2020) in their support of Buss' findings?

A) Kindness
B) Health
C) Physical attractiveness
D) Intelligence
E) Good financial prospects

Question 18

Bryan et al. (2011) found that which of the following factors was the strongest predictor of current and future serious relationship satisfaction?

A) Openness to change
B) Intelligence
C) Outgoingness
D) Agreeableness
E) Liveliness

Question 19

What is Carpenter's 'double shot' hypothesis?

A) Men tend to interpret sexual infidelity by their female partner as implying emotional infidelity whereas women interpret emotional infidelity by their male partner as implying sexual infidelity
B) Men tend to interpret emotional infidelity by their female partner as implying sexual infidelity whereas women interpret sexual infidelity by their male partner as implying emotional infidelity
C) Women are less bothered by sexual infidelity than emotional infidelity
D) Men are less bothered by emotional infidelity than sexual infidelity
E) Men and women's concern doubles if there is emotional infidelity

Question 20

How does Eastwick et al. (2014) explain findings that are inconsistent with evolutionary predictions?

A) Evolutionary explanations are speculation and lack validity when applied to real relationships
B) When you have met a potential partner, however, your preferences soon become strongly influenced by detailed information about the other person.
C) Evolutionary explanations lack relevance to the current time
D) What people want is not necessarily what they achieve in relationship formation
E) Relationship formation is determined more by social and psychological factors.