Deck 4: The Roman Period and the Middle Ages

Question 1

The Greek physician ___________, practicing in Rome, was one of the first to distinguish between delusions
And hallucinations.

A) Asclepiades
B) Galen
C) Plotinus
D) Lucretius

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ was one of the first to assess psychological states by observing physiological reactions. Indeed, he
Concluded that one of his patients was in love because her heart rate and facial expressions changed each time
The name of the object of her love was mentioned.

A) Galen
B) Empedocles
C) Hippocrates
D) Alcmaeon

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Galen believed that most mental disorders are the result of

A) demons.
B) bad choices, or the misuse of free will.
C) psychological conflicts.
D) imbalance in the various humors and qualities.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Taken quite simply, the term pneuma, as used by Galen, refers to

A) the body.
B) air that is drawn in as we breath, and distributed to the various tissues.
C) blood.
D) black bile responsible for depression.

Question 5

Galen's medical doctrines were

A) widely rejected by the Christian church.
B) assimilated into Christian theology and became rigid dogma.
C) rejected by the church as the "work of the devil."
D) rejected by the church as an example of materialism.

Question 6

Most of the major schools of thought in Rome were focused on

A) the physical structure of the universe.
B) the problem of knowledge.
C) the conflicts of faith and reason.
D) how to live a happy and untroubled life.

Question 7

__________ was a stoic who advocated resignation to things beyond human control.

A) Lucretius.
B) Plotinus.
C) Epicurus of Samos.
D) Epictetus.

Question 8

The stoics and the Epicureans believed in moderation, but psychologically the stoics emphasized ________
Whereas the Epicureans emphasized ________.

A) suppression . . . expression
B) expression . . . suppression
C) extroversion . . . introversion
D) socialization . . . isolation

Question 9

________ proposed a theory of evolution of social groups, religion, and language.

A) Plotinus
B) Hypatia of Alexandria
C) Epicurus of Samos
D) Lucretius

Question 10

Platonic thought was combined with religion in the work of

A) Lucretius
B) Plotunis
C) Rhazes
D) Zeno of Cyprus

Question 11

_________ was known for expertise in geometry and for being an early advocate of music therapy.

A) Hypatia
B) Aristotle
C) Plotinus
D) Rhazes

Question 12

_________ is to skepticism as__________ is to Neo-Platonism.

A) Alhazen . . . Rhazes
B) Augustine . . . Aquinas
C) Lucretius . . . Pyrrho
D) Pyrrho . . . Plotinus

Question 13

The school of philosophy known as skepticism was founded by

A) Pyrrho.
B) Lucretius.
C) Zeno.
D) Plotinus.

Question 14

According to the text, which of the following did NOT contribute to the fall of the Roman Empire?

A) A dwindling population
B) Tensions between Roman polytheism and Christianity
C) Economic burdens resulting from military expansion
D) Larger families

Question 15

The early Christian church in Rome emphasized

A) science.
B) knowledge by revelation.
C) the value of this life.
D) acceptance of women.

Question 16

The medieval period was characterized by

A) accelerated development.
B) total stagnation.
C) intellectual progression and regression occurring simultaneously.
D) the acceptance of science.

Question 17

The method for seeking knowledge on which Tertullian centered his worldview was

A) reason.
B) revelation.
C) empiricism.
D) aetheticism.

Question 18

__________, as author of the Confessions, provided the world with a powerful psychological autobiography. He
Was one of the first to emphasize the importance of unconscious processes.

A) Aquinas
B) Rhazes
C) Roger Bacon
D) Augustine

Question 19

_____ wrote on the topic of memory, distinguishing between recognition and recall, and gave consideration to the tip-of-the-tongue phenomena

A) Aquinas
B) Rhazes
C) Roger Bacon
D) Augustine

Question 20

________ may be called the founder of the Middle Ages

A) Boethius
B) Avicenna
C) Rhazes
D) Roger Bacon

Question 21

In addition to criticizing ancient conceptions of disease such as demonology, _____ was also the first to apply chemistry to medical research

A) Aquinas
B) Rhazes
C) Roger Bacon
D) Augustine

Question 22

The most influential philosopher and physician of the early Islamic world was

A) Avicenna.
B) Rhazes.
C) Alhazen.
D) Averröes.

Question 23

One characteristic that Avicenna, Maimonides, and St. Thomas Aquinas had in common was that each one

A) was Christian.
B) greatly distrusted reason.
C) elevated empiricism over reason.
D) sought to reconcile faith and reason.

Question 24

___________ had a concept of soul very similar to Aristotle's concept of soul. Soul includes vegetative, animal,
And human functions.

A) Avicenna
B) Rhazes
C) Alhazen
D) Averröes

Question 25

Famous for his Book of Optics, _______ rejected the Platonic theory of extramission or that light rays are
Emitted from the eye.

A) Roger Bacon
B) William of Ockham
C) Alhazen
D) Avicenna

Question 26

__________wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers and cautioned against empirical and rational inquiry.

A) Rhazes
B) Avicenna
C) Alhazen
D) Al-Ghazali

Question 27

__________ was a philosopher in his own right, but he was even more famous for his extensive commentaries on the work of Aristotle which became a major intellectual force in Europe.

A) Rhazes
B) Avicenna
C) Alhazen
D) Averröes

Question 28

The book Guide of the Perplexed, written by ________, was an early attempt to reconcile faith and science by
Arguing that many scriptural texts were written for very simple people and should not be taken literally.

A) Maimonides
B) Aquinas
C) Avicenna
D) Roger Bacon

Question 29

_________ argued that reason is no less a gift from God than the scriptures and should not be blindly rejected.
He saw doubt in a positive light because it motivates study.

A) Plotinus
B) Augustine
C) Peter Abelard
D) Plato

Question 30

_________ was an early investigator of the nature of loving relationships.

A) Oliva Sabuco
B) Heloise
C) Hypatia
D) Thomas Aquinas

Question 31

_________ wrote Opus Majus, which contained chapters on topics such as optics, philology, mathematics,
Experimental science, moral philosophy, and four general causes of human errors.

A) Thomas Aquinas
B) Peter Abelard
C) Heloise
D) Roger Bacon

Question 32

Almost single-handedly, _________ was able to convince church authorities that they had nothing to fear from
Aristotle. Following the influence of this theologian, Aristotle was a regular part of the curriculum at the
University of Paris.

A) Thomas Aquinas
B) Augustine
C) Peter Abelard
D) Heloise

Question 33

The principle of parsimony or "Ockham's Razor" states that

A) scientific explanations should always be set forth in quantitative terms.
B) science should always begin with experience and then look for the building blocks of experience.
C) nothing in nature is ever simple, so do not assume simplicity.
D) explanations containing fewer assumptions are to be preferred to those containing more assumptions.