Deck 12: Functionalism

Question 1

Functionalism is more consistent with philosophies of _________ whereas structuralism is more consistent with
Philosophies of ___________.

A) being . . . becoming
B) becoming . . . being
C) content . . . process
D) being . . . process

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the text, James's metaphysical ultimate is

A) God.
B) Reason.
C) Behavior.
D) Experience.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to James, the greatest issue in philosophy is the

A) free will and determinism issue.
B) monism-pluralism issue.
C) mind-body issue.
D) materialism-idealism issue.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following quotations is NOT attributed to William James?

A) "If American psychology is to persevere, it must embrace the science of behavior."
B) "My first act of free will shall be to believe in free will."
C) "We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble."
D) "Nothing includes everything."

Question 5

James's position on free will and determinism is characterized most accurately by which of the following
Statements?

A) "God does not play dice with the universe."
B) "My first act of free will shall be to believe in free will."
C) "The ego is not master in its own house."
D) "God is clever, but not malicious."

Question 6

Which of the following kinds of determinism would James postulate?

A) metaphysical determinism
B) methodological determinism
C) strict biological determinism
D) theological predeterminism or predestination

Question 7

According to James, human beliefs should be evaluated primarily in terms

A) of their consistency.
B) of how they square with sacred traditions.
C) the real work they accomplish in the world.
D) their general social acceptance.

Question 8

Each of the following are general characteristics of James' philosophy EXCEPT

A) Individualism
B) Moralism
C) Reductionism
D) Pluralism

Question 9

Which of the following best characterizes James's view on the roles that definitions should play in our lives?

A) Definitions are unavoidable and practical, therefore they should be absolutely prescriptive for every
Person.
B) A word or definition does not close our quest; a definition is only a program for more work.
C) Definitions are answers to the enigmas of life.
D) Definitions should always be derived logically and rationally from the larger belief system.

Question 10

Which of the following definitions of psychology would James advocate?

A) Psychology is the scientific study of behavior
B) Psychology is the scientific study of the elements of mental life
C) Psychology is the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and of their conditions
D) Psychology is the study of human action

Question 11

In his discussion of thought or thinking, James employed an analogy. He viewed thought as somewhat
Comparable to

A) chemical elements.
B) telephone switchboards.
C) the flywheel of an engine.
D) a stream.

Question 12

According to James, each of the following are characteristics of the stream of thought EXCEPT

A) they continually change
B) they maintain continuity
C) they are personal
D) they remain constant

Question 13

Each of the following is included by James as a component of the self EXCEPT

A) the social selves
B) the material self
C) the spiritual self
D) the malevolent self

Question 14

Which of the following best characterizes James's view on emotion?

A) the experience of emotion is purely mental
B) bodily changes are indispensable to the experience of emotion
C) bodily arousal is not a necessary condition for the experience of emotion
D) the experience of emotion is dictated exclusively by the cerebral hemispheres

Question 15

James's concept of primary memory is somewhat comparable to contemporary notions of
___________ memory, whereas his concept of secondary memory is somewhat comparable
To contemporary notions of __________ memory.

A) short-term . . . long-term
B) long-term . . . short term
C) long-term . . . sensory
D) sensory . . . short-term

Question 16

The first experimental laboratory in psychology in the United States was founded by

A) Hugo Münsterberg.
B) William James.
C) Edward Bradford Titchener.
D) James McKeen Cattell.

Question 17

The book On the Witness Stand is the standard classic in forensic psychology. This book marks _____________ as one of the most important pioneers in the study of the relationships between psychology and the law.

A) William James
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Hugo Münsterberg
D) James McKeen Cattell

Question 18

Hugo Münsterberg, is remembered, among other things, for his pioneering books on ________ and _________.

A) psychotherapy . . . industrial psychology
B) intelligence . . . instinct
C) infancy . . . aging
D) sensation . . . motivation

Question 19

His book The Psychology of Industrial Efficiency marks him as one of the pioneers of industrial psychology.

A) William James
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Hugo Münsterberg
D) James McKeen Cattell

Question 20

_____ earned the first Ph.D. in psychology.

A) William James
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Hugo Münsterberg
D) James McKeen Cattell

Question 21

________ founded the American Psychological Association and served as its first
President in 1892.

A) Hugo Münsterberg
B) William James
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Walter Dill Scott

Question 22

_____ brought Freud and Jung to American and helped introduce psychoanalysis to the United States

A) Hugo Münsterberg
B) William James
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Walter Dill Scott

Question 23

A radical developmental-evolutionary approach to psychology is more evident in the work of _______ than in the work of any other pioneer psychologist.

A) Robert Session Woodworth
B) Walter Dill Scott
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) James McKeen Cattell

Question 24

_____ was one of the first to argue for a children's institute dedicated to extensive research on children.

A) William James
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Hugo Münsterberg
D) James McKeen Cattell

Question 25

"Ontogony recapitulates phylogeny." This statement is most consistent with the ideas of

A) William James.
B) Leta Stetter Hollingworth.
C) G. Stanley Hall.
D) James McKeen Cattell.

Question 26

In his classic article, "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology," John Dewey argued that

A) the reflex should be foundational for all of psychology.
B) American psychologists should pay more attention to the work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.
C) we should not dissect experience or reflexes into artificial piecemeal units.
D) the goals of structuralism and functionalism can be reconciled through the concept of the reflex.

Question 27

_______ extended many of the concepts of functionalism into the field of education. He argued that the
Concept of democracy is learned and that democratic ideals cannot be fostered in schools that emphasize rote
Learning and strict regimentation.

A) John Dewey
B) James Rowland Angell
C) Harvey A. Carr
D) James McKeen Cattell

Question 28

The major classic exposition of functionalism was set forth in an article entitled "The Province of Functional
Psychology" by

A) John Dewey.
B) Harvey A. Carr.
C) James Rowland Angell.
D) Robert Sessions Woodworth.

Question 29

_____ argued that functionalism had been in existence since Aristotle began to investigate the operations
Rather than the mere stuff of mental experience.

A) John Dewey
B) Harvey A. Carr
C) James Rowland Angell
D) Robert Sessions Woodworth

Question 30

_____ was primarily concerned with mental activity, defined as "the acquisition, fixation, retention,
Organization, and evaluation of experiences and their subsequent utilization in the guidance of conduct."

A) John Dewey
B) Harvey A. Carr
C) James Rowland Angell
D) Robert Sessions Woodworth

Question 31

The term mental tests was coined by

A) William James.
B) John Dewey.
C) James McKeen Cattell.
D) Leta Stetter Hollingworth.

Question 32

Although highly motivated by Sir Francis Galton to study measurement and to acquire a variety of
Measurements from many people, the data were not correlated with any meaningful measure and as a result the
Research career of _____ was destroyed.

A) William James
B) John Dewey
C) James McKeen Cattell
D) Leta Stetter Hollingworth

Question 33

Science, a periodical very important to disciplines such as physics, biology, and chemistry was edited for almost 50 years by one of the pioneers in psychology. He was

A) James McKeen Cattell.
B) Robert Sessions Woodworth.
C) Walter Dill Scott.
D) G. Stanley Hall.

Question 34

_____ influenced psychology through strong leadership and a series of important textbooks including
Experimental Psychology, which served as the standard reference in the field for over two decades.

A) James McKeen Cattell
B) Robert Sessions Woodworth
C) Mary Calkins
D) William James

Question 35

Functional autonomy refers to

A) one of the major characteristics of biological drives.
B) a neurosis of adolescence.
C) the idea that the means of satisfying a motive may acquire drive properties.
D) an overwhelming need to join organizations and to be part of a group.

Question 36

The importance of motivation had been neglected in many early systems of psychology.
Which of the following did most to elevate the importance of motivation?

A) G. Stanley Hall
B) James McKeen Cattell
C) Robert Sessions Woodworth
D) Leta Stetter Hollingworth

Question 37

Although Harvard University refused to grant her a Ph.D. _________ served as the first female president of the
American Psychological Association, and she argued that the concept of the self should be a major focus in the
Work of psychologists.

A) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
B) Dorthea Lynde Dix
C) Margaret Floy Washburn
D) Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 38

_____ developed the paired-associate method for studying memory.

A) James McKeen Cattell
B) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
C) Mary Calkins
D) William James

Question 39

Briefly stated, the so-called variability hypothesis held that in all things

A) men are more variable than women.
B) women are more variable than men.
C) humans are more variable among themselves than any other animal species.
D) younger people are more variable than older people.

Question 40

The person who did the most to dismantle the variability hypothesis was

A) James McKeen Cattell.
B) Leta Stetter Hollingworth.
C) Mary Calkins.
D) William James.

Question 41

Which of the following is associated with the work of Leta Stetter Hollingworth?

A) She is considered a pioneer in the psychology of women and made important contributions to the
Reduction of prejudices that prevented equal educational opportunities for women.
B) She wrote the first article to formally attack behaviorism.
C) She studied "mentally defective" children as well as gifted children with IQs above 180.
D) both a. and c. are correct.

Question 42

_______ explored gender differences and the consequences of dropping out of school.

A) James McKeen Cattell.
B) Leta Stetter Hollingworth.
C) Mary Calkins.
D) Helen Wooley.

Question 43

Whereas Cattell attempted to measure intelligence by exploring differences in elementary processes such as reaction times, Alfred Binet looked for differences in

A) sensory acuity.
B) complex superior processes such as memories for designs and ability to solve spatial problems.
C) compound reaction times.
D) ability to discriminate within all sensory modalities.

Question 44

This pioneer in testing began to gather normative data on the problem solving abilities of children and to
Intelligence test items directly related to daily life.

A) James McKeen Cattell
B) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Alfred Binet