Deck 13: Behaviorism

Question 1

The initial reception of behaviorism within psychology was

A) enthusiastic.
B) cool or even grudging.
C) enthusiastic, especially among the older psychologists, but the younger psychologists were guarded.
D) cool in America, but enthusiastic in Europe.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

John B. Watson wrote the classic statement of the behaviorist position in an article often referred to as the
Behaviorist manifesto. The actual title was

A) Reflexes of the Brain.
B) System of Nature.
C) Animal Intelligence.
D) Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The roots of behaviorism extend back into the Greek philosophy of

A) Leucippus and Democritus.
B) Plato.
C) Thales.
D) Parmenides.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Each of the following individuals is an important part of the history of behaviorism EXCEPT

A) Julien Offray de la Mettrie
B) Etienne Bonnot de Condillac
C) Claude-Adrien Helvétius
D) Immanuel Kant

Question 5

Commonly regarded as the founder of Russian physiology, _________ wrote Reflexes of the Brain, a book that
Argued for an objective approach to psychological problems.

A) Ivan Sechenov
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) Vladimir M. Bekhterev
D) Konstantin N. Kornilov

Question 6

On the philosophical side, Ivan Pavlov was deeply troubled by the concept of "action at a distance" because it
Seemed to challenge.

A) the concept of purpose in behavior
B) formal causation
C) the theory of reinforcement
D) material and efficient causation

Question 7

The most effective conditioning is likely to take place in the procedure that Pavlov referred to as

A) delayed conditioning.
B) backward conditioning.
C) simultaneous conditioning.
D) trace conditioning.

Question 8

The dog becomes drowsy or even falls asleep during conditioning. It is most likely, in such a circumstance, that the psychologist is employing a procedure known as

A) trace conditioning.
B) delayed conditioning.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) backward conditioning.

Question 9

The CS loses its ability to produce the CR after being repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS.
Following a brief rest, the CS again elicits the CR. This is known as

A) extinction.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) disinhibition.
D) experimental neurosis.

Question 10

An animal has stopped salivating in the presence of the CS, but may salivate if a sudden or unexpected
Stimulus is presented. This is known as

A) disinhibition.
B) paradoxical inhibition.
C) inhibition.
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 11

Stimuli similar to the original stimulus may also elicit the CR. Pavlov referred to this as

A) disinhibition.
B) paradoxical inhibition.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 12

What was Pavlov's theory regarding temperamental types?

A) He didn't believe in temperamental types.
B) He believed in only two temperamental types, excitatory and inhibitory.
C) He believed in only two temperamental types, introversion and extroversion.
D) He accepted the types advanced by Galen, choleric, sanguine, melancholic, and phlegmatic.

Question 13

Pavlov's general term for the shock-like state his dogs displayed following stress was

A) the psychical reflex.
B) the equivalence factor.
C) ultramaximal inhibition.
D) the paradoxical phase.

Question 14

Following an assault on the nervous system, a dog gives an identical response to a strong stimulus as well as a
Weak stimulus. Pavlov referred to this as

A) the equivalent phase.
B) the paradoxical phase.
C) the ultraparadoxical phase.
D) a paradoxical intention.

Question 15

Following an assault on the nervous system, a dog gives a weak response to a strong stimulus and a strong response to a weak stimulus. Pavlov referred to this as

A) the paradoxical phase.
B) the ultraparadoxical phase.
C) the equivalent phase.
D) conversion.

Question 16

Political or religious conversions might be explained by Pavlov as illustrations of

A) the paradoxical phase.
B) the ultraparadoxical phase.
C) classical conditioning.
D) the equivalent phase.

Question 17

In his final years (1933-1936) Pavlov became deeply interested in

A) schizophrenia.
B) depression.
C) problem solving.
D) all of the above.

Question 18

Pavlov was interested in disputing claims of

A) insight learning.
B) applications of classical conditioning to humans.
C) operant conditioning.
D) all of the above.

Question 19

A system of behavioristic thinking known as reflexology was set forth by which of the
Following?

A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Ivan Sechenov
C) Vladimir M. Bekhterev
D) Konstatin N. Kornilov

Question 20

Which of the following is regarded as an important antecedent of behaviorism even though he embraced the
Tolerant spirit and openness of functionalism?

A) John B. Watson
B) Ivan Sechenov
C) Vladimir M. Bekhterev
D) Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 21

A theory of learning known as Connectionism is associated with the work of which of
The following?

A) John B. Watson
B) Ivan Sechenov
C) Robert Sessions Woodworth
D) Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 22

_____ studied the learning behavior of cats escaping from simple "puzzle boxes."

A) John B. Watson
B) Ivan Sechenov
C) Edward Lee Thorndike
D) Robert Sessions Woodworth

Question 23

In his "puzzle box" experiments, Thorndike witnessed learning that appeared to occur from

A) trial and error
B) higher order problem solving
C) insight
D) focused effort

Question 24

According to the modified law of effect or Truncated Law of Effect

A) there is reason to doubt that reinforcement plays a role in learning.
B) reinforcement influences performance, but not learning.
C) there is reason to doubt the efficacy of punishment as a means of weakening responses.
D) certain subjects such as Latin and Algebra exercise the mind in unusual ways and have a general
Beneficial effect on other kinds of learning.

Question 25

If you want to know English, study English; if you want to know algebra, study algebra. Such advice would most likely come from someone who believes in

A) the identical elements theory of transfer.
B) the doctrine of formal discipline.
C) the truncated law of effect.
D) the original law of effect.

Question 26

The founder of American behaviorism was

A) William James.
B) John B. Watson.
C) Ivan Pavlov.
D) B. F. Skinner

Question 27

After John B. Watson left academia, he had much success applying psychology to

A) education.
B) clinical practice.
C) advertising.
D) all of the above.

Question 28

Which of the following definitions of psychology would be most acceptable to John B. Watson?

A) Psychology is the scientific study of reactions, adjustments, movements, activities, and behaviors.
B) Psychology is the scientific study of experience and behavior.
C) Psychology is the science of the mind.
D) Psychology is the science that studies mental activity.

Question 29

The goal of psychology, according to Watson, is

A) to understand the inner workings of cognition
B) to predict and control behavior
C) to understand behavior
D) to find cures for all forms of mental disorder and other human adjustment problems

Question 30

The acid test for scientific method, according to Watson, is that the method

A) be truly public and that it lead to measurable results.
B) be believable in terms of human experience.
C) be broad enough so as not to leave out anything that is a legitimate part of human experience.
D) be verifiable through introspective analysis.

Question 31

The centerpiece concept of Watsonian behaviorism is

A) sensation.
B) motivation.
C) habit.
D) instinct.

Question 32

Watson argued that there are only three emotional responses that can be brought forth in the infant. These are

A) fear, hate, and disgust.
B) excitement, melancholy, and anger.
C) fear, rage., and love.
D) anger, joy, and melancholy.

Question 33

Watson's final position regarding instincts in humans was that

A) there are no instincts.
B) there are only two instincts, a life instinct and a death instinct.
C) there are three instincts, maternal, paternal, and self-preservative.
D) self-preservation is the only instinct.

Question 34

Thinking, according to Watson, is

A) the highest form of mental activity.
B) usually blind trial and error, but sometimes insightful.
C) subvocal speech.
D) the conscious manipulation of images.

Question 35

Watson's position on applied psychology was

A) that it had best be left to psychiatrists and other physicians.
B) that it was premature in his day to think about it.
C) that it was an extremely important part of behaviorism.
D) to it could be ignored completely.