Deck 17: Humanistic Psychologies

Question 1

The doctrine of learned ignorance applied to theology refers to

A) the importance of humility.
B) purposeful forgetting.
C) refusal to study anything that goes against dogma.
D) the discipline of knowing how not to talk and think of God.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Humanistic psychologists were vocal in their criticisms

A) of behaviorism and psychoanalysis.
B) of structuralism and functionalism.
C) of behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.
D) of Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The humanistic viewpoint in psychology gained momentum in the

A) later 1970s.
B) late 1980s.
C) early 1930s.
D) 1960s.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The philosophical orientation marked by concerns for the emotional, social, and intellectual issues of life is

A) existentialism.
B) rationalism.
C) political science.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 5

The Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno believed that science fails when it

A) remains too general or fails to specialize.
B) does not adopt a coherent and rigorous methodology.
C) emphasizes emotion at the expense of reason.
D) allows specialization to block the larger vision.

Question 6

According to the Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno, the neglect of affect in a philosophy

A) should guide the larger vision of a philosophy.
B) limits a philosophy to the use of models to explain behavior.
C) is a requirement of any coherent system of philosophy.
D) dooms a philosophy to failure.

Question 7

According to Kierkegaard, we remain in the mode of the herd when we

A) reject rational and systematic conceptual schemes.
B) fail to study history.
C) reject truths imposed by the intellect.
D) fail to appropriate truth.

Question 8

According to Kierkegaard, the aesthetic mode of existence ultimately leads to

A) optimism and a sense of well-being.
B) the terror of having known we have done wrong.
C) indifference, boredom, emptiness, and despair.
D) a profound sense of the irony of life.

Question 9

The ethical mode of existence, according to Kierkegaard, may collapse into

A) indifference, boredom, and despair.
B) a self-righteous attitude.
C) religious or political fanaticism.
D) a profound sense of irony.

Question 10

According to Kierkegaard, _____ is marked by a sensitivity to one's contingency and complete dependence
On God.

A) the aesthetic mode of existence
B) the ethical mode of existence
C) the religious mode of existence
D) the neurotic mode of existence

Question 11

Heidegger used the term _______ to refer to those conditions or forces that do not yield easily to human effort.

A) factuality
B) throwness
C) Dasein
D) Mitwelt

Question 12

Heidegger referred to his method of understanding the way we exist or our being in the world as

A) psychoanalysis.
B) logotherapy.
C) analytic anthroponomy.
D) daseinsanalysis.

Question 13

Phenomenology as a philosophical movement refers to

A) appearance.
B) a method for discovering what is given in experience.
C) the study of common human errors.
D) the study of illusions.

Question 14

_______ is commonly regarded as the founder of phenomenology.

A) Edmund Husserl
B) William James
C) Martin Heidegger
D) Soren Kierkegaard

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the position of phenomenology regarding the use of models in
Psychology?

A) Animal models are acceptable because animals can feel, machine models, however, are unacceptable.
B) All models are regarded as helpful in one way or another.
C) Computer models are especially valuable because such models may give us insight into the nature of
Cognitive processes.
D) Since the phenomena of consciousness are not like anything else, models are only approximations and
Can be dehumanizing.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the position of phenomenology regarding reductionism in psychology?

A) Reduction is necessary in every field of psychological study.
B) What is given in experience should be broken down into component parts for study.
C) What is given in experience should be studied exactly as it appears.
D) Reduction is an effective research strategy that should be employed when possible.

Question 17

According to Maslow, a _____ psychology emphasizes methodology, techniques, orthodoxy, and measurement, whereas a _____ psychology would be open to a variety of methods.

A) behavioristic . . . psychoanalytic
B) means-centered . . . problem-centered
C) problem-centered . . . means-centered
D) methodological . . . goal-oriented

Question 18

Along with the cultural anthropologist Ruth Fulton Benedict, who provided the inspiration for Abraham Maslow's idea of a self-actualizing personality?

A) Albert Einstein
B) William James
C) Max Wertheimer
D) Elenore Roosevelt

Question 19

According to Maslow, "B-love" is

A) essentially erotic.
B) joyful and non-possessive.
C) neurotic.
D) possessive or even selfish.

Question 20

Maslow argued the psychology should study

A) neurotic individuals.
B) healthy and successful people.
C) biological and computer models.
D) rigidly empirical data.

Question 21

The Leibnizian tradition, according to Allport, is marked by

A) an emphasis on an active intellect.
B) belief in the so-called "blank slate" hypothesis.
C) its similarities with S-R psychologies.
D) a strong deterministic bias.

Question 22

The Lockean tradition in psychology is most consistent with

A) Gestalt psychology.
B) S-R behavioristic psychologies.
C) existentialism.
D) Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Question 23

The idiographic orientation in psychology emphasizes

A) statistical abstractions.
B) individual experience.
C) abnormal behavior.
D) paranormal phenomena.

Question 24

The nomothetic orientation in psychology emphasizes

A) statistical abstractions.
B) individual experience.
C) abnormal behavior.
D) paranormal phenomena.

Question 25

_____ is well known for his work on prejudice, including his examination of social factors and conditions that can reduce prejudice

A) Gordon Allport
B) Carl Rogers.
C) Abraham Maslow.
D) Soren Kierkegaard.

Question 26

According to Carl Rogers, the greater the congruence between the _____ and the _____ , the greater the health.

A) superego . . . ego
B) umwelt . . . mitwelt
C) self . . . ideal self
D) social conditions . . . expectations

Question 27

Unconditional positive regard, according to Carl Rogers, is

A) another term for "love at first sight."
B) is marked by a belief in the intrinsic worth of the individual.
C) another term for conditional love.
D) an orientation that emphasizes the idea that love must be earned.

Question 28

Carl Rogers's view of human nature was

A) highly pessimistic.
B) moderately pessimistic.
C) neutral.
D) highly optimistic.

Question 29

The term logotherapy is associated with the work of

A) Carl Rogers.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) Viktor Frankl.
D) Gordon Allport.

Question 30

Name the person described in the following biography: "I was born in 1905 in Vienna and earned an MD and
A PhD from the University of Vienna. Several members of my family were brutally murdered in Nazi
Concentration camps, but I managed to survive. The experience inspired me to write my most famous book,
Man's Search for Meaning."

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Alfred Adler
C) Viktor Frankl
D) Carl Rogers

Question 31

A noogenic neurosis results from

A) the frustration of any basic drive.
B) the failure to find a sense of worth in life.
C) the frustration of the sex drive.
D) deficiency in vitamin B12.

Question 32

Frankl argues that

A) life is without meaning.
B) there is a universal meaning of life that humans can discover.
C) there is a universal meaning of life, but humans cannot discover it.
D) individuals must find the meaning in their own life in their own circumstances.

Question 33

The work of ______, with a focus on individual experience, can provide a basis for the method of autoethnography, in which one studies one's own experiences

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Alfred Adler
C) Viktor Frankl
D) Carl Rogers

Question 34

According to psychologist Joseph F. Rychlak, psychology should be built on a model of causality that

A) emphasizes correlation alone.
B) material and efficient causes exclusively.
C) includes material, efficient, formal, and final causes.
D) includes none of the above, Rychlak believes that causality is a philosophical term and, as such, has no
Place in science.

Question 35

Basic human nature, according to third-force psychologies, is

A) self-serving and animal-like.
B) morally neutral.
C) naturally growth oriented.
D) sinful.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate criticism of humanistic psychology?

A) neglect of the hard work of systematic observation
B) some strands of humanistic psychology are affiliated with various countercultures and spiritual-mystical
Groups
C) therapeutic procedures are suspect in terms of effecting real change
D) overly reductionistic

Question 37

According to the text, the study of human strengths and virtues refers to a contemporary discipline known as

A) positive psychology
B) phenomenology
C) first-force psychology
D) idiographic psychology