Deck 18: The Rise of Contemporary Psychology

Question 1

According to the text, three classic schools of psychology continue to remain prominent today. The three
Schools are

A) functionalism; neobehaviorism; psychoanalysis.
B) psychoanalysis; Gestalt psychology; neobehaviorism.
C) functionalism; Gestalt psychology; humanistic psychology.
D) psychoanalysis; neobehaviorism; humanistic psychology.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Psychoanalysis was seriously damaged by which historical event?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the Great Depression
D) the Korean War

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In 1988, the American Psychoanalytic Association officially recognized the right of therapists with a Ph.D. to
Undergo training in psychoanalysis. This landmark decision was considered to be a significant blow against
The traditional psychoanalytic tenet of

A) institutional psychotherapy.
B) medical orthodoxy.
C) group therapy.
D) lay analysis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which major psychological movement has undergone significant growth from the 1960's through the 1990's?

A) psychoanalysis
B) neobehaviorism
C) humanistic psychology
D) classical behaviorism

Question 5

The Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, invented by _____, made it possible to objectively
Study form discrimination and learning sets in monkeys. This pioneering researcher also contributed to
Advances in the study of attachment and social isolation in primates.

A) Albert Bandura
B) Robert Rescorla
C) Martin Seligman
D) Harry F. Harlow

Question 6

_____ advanced a social learning theory that emphasized observational learning.

A) Albert Bandura
B) Robert Rescorla
C) Martin Seligman
D) Harry F. Harlow

Question 7

_____ applied laboratory studies of learned helplessness to the clinical study of depression.

A) Albert Bandura
B) Robert Rescorla
C) Martin Seligman
D) Harry F. Harlow

Question 8

The contemporary school of psychology that stresses the importance of such psychological processes as
Memory, attention, reasoning, problem solving and language is known as

A) phenomenological psychology.
B) transpersonal psychology.
C) epigenetic psychology.
D) cognitive psychology.

Question 9

In the last century, many notable psychologists have laid the groundwork for the contemporary study of
Cognition. Each of the following thinkers influenced the development of cognitive psychology EXCEPT

A) Frederick C. Bartlett
B) Edward Chace Tolman
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Max Wertheimer

Question 10

His work was criticized for overemphasizing associationism, artificiality, and reductionism. Despite these
Criticisms, __________ conducted the first quantitative study of memory and inspired generations of future
Researchers.

A) Frederick C. Bartlett
B) Edward Chace Tolman
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 11

Which of the following statements is most representative of Frederick C. Bartlett's research on cognition?

A) learning and memory are largely the result of the mechanical laws of association.
B) our memories are reconstructed based on abstract schemas.
C) the phenomenon of cognition can be reduced to biochemical processes.
D) past experience has little impact on our ability to recall information.

Question 12

_____ conducted some of the first studies on false memory by having subjects attempt to remember material from unfamiliar stories.

A) Frederick C. Bartlett
B) Edward Chace Tolman
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 13

This French epistemologist argued that cognition evolved in a series of progressive stages based on the
Activation of schemas. In doing so, he revolutionized the study of cognitive development and became its most
Visible figure. He is

A) John Mark Baldwin.
B) Kurt Koffka.
C) Lev Semenovich Vygotsky.
D) Jean Piaget.

Question 14

Gestalt interests in thinking and problem solving combined with the purposive behaviorism of __________ to
Establish foundations for the emergence of cognitive psychology.

A) Frederick C. Bartlett
B) Edward Chace Tolman
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 15

Verbal learning theory refers to

A) cognitive psychology's explanation of speech production.
B) the process by which people use linguistic symbols to adapt to their surroundings.
C) a branch of psychology concerned with the role of associations in memory and forgetting.
D) a term used to describe Jean Piaget's theory of language acquisition.

Question 16

Cognitive psychology formally came into existence

A) in the 1940's.
B) in the late 1950's and early 1960's.
C) in the 1970's
D) in the late 1970's and early 1980's.

Question 17

Some cognitive psychologist have embraced the computer model and used terms such as "input," "output," and
"storage" to describe human functions. These cognitive psychologists best reflect

A) the influence of behaviorism.
B) the information processing metaphor.
C) the humanistic approach.
D) the contemporary relevance of William James.

Question 18

Unlike the neobehaviorist, the cognitive psychologist views the human participant as

A) a complex, irrational organism with little free will.
B) a dynamic organizer of information.
C) a relatively mindless, passive receiver of information.
D) both a. and c.

Question 19

The term ecological validity refers to

A) the need for people to live in harmony with the Earth.
B) a sophisticated test of accuracy for intelligence scores.
C) the argument that psychology should focus on everyday, real world problems that impact the lives of all
People.
D) the responsibility that each individual must assume for their personal lifestyle.

Question 20

Hippocrates, Galen, Dorthea Lind Dix, Emil Kraepelin, and Lightner Witmer contributed to the intellectual
Traditions of

A) psychology and the law.
B) cognitive psychology.
C) industrial and organizational psychology.
D) clinical psychology.

Question 21

The Boulder Model recommended that doctoral programs train clinical psychologists to

A) earn Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) degrees.
B) become research-practitioners.
C) emphasize research to the exclusion of therapy.
D) to emphasize cognitive behavioral therapy.

Question 22

The use of systematic desensitization in behavior therapy was pioneered by

A) Aaron T. Beck.
B) Marsha M. Linehan.
C) Jean Piaget.
D) Joseph Wolpe.

Question 23

Cognitive therapy, a second wave of post-WWII psychotherapy was developed by

A) Aaron T. Beck.
B) Marsha M. Linehan.
C) Jean Piaget.
D) Joseph Wolpe.

Question 24

The third wave of influential psychotherapies blended Eastern mindfulness with Western behavioral therapy.
This approach is called

A) Cognitive Therapy.
B) Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
C) Systematic Desensitization.
D) Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy.

Question 25

Based on his experiments with lesions of rat brains, ________ argued that memories are distributed across the
Brain. He challenged the work of ________, a neurosurgeon who argued that individual memories are stored
In specific locations in the brain.

A) Roger W. Sperry; Wilder Penfield.
B) Donald O. Hebb; Roger W. Sperry.
C) Wilder Penfield; Karl Lashley.
D) Karl Lashley; Wilder Penfield.

Question 26

_______ studied the effects of learning on neural connections and provided a testable explanation of
Associationistic learning.

A) Roger W. Sperry
B) Donald O. Hebb
C) Wilder Penfield
D) Karl Lashley

Question 27

_______ investigated epilepsy and did extensive research on humans with surgically split brains.

A) Roger W. Sperry
B) Donald O. Hebb
C) Wilder Penfield
D) Karl Lashley

Question 28

_______ was an early cognitive and behavioral neuroscientist who helped launch the use of the EEG in
Psychology.

A) Roger W. Sperry
B) Donald O. Hebb
C) Donald B. Lindsley
D) Eric R. Kandel

Question 29

_______ led the movement toward reductionistic physiological and genetic research on memory, particularly by pioneering the use of Aplysia (a giant marine snail) as a model for the neurobiology of human memory..

A) Roger W. Sperry
B) Donald O. Hebb
C) Donald B. Lindsley
D) Eric R. Kandel

Question 30

Discoveries of the methods by which neurons communicate (i.e., via neurotransmitters) laid the ground work
For the emergence of ________ as a field of psychology.

A) psychopharmacology.
B) cognitive psychology.
C) psychology and the law.
D) behavior therapy.

Question 31

Otto Loewi was awarded a Nobel Prize for his discovery of the first

A) neuron
B) neurotransmitter
C) glial cell
D) chromosome

Question 32

_______ is the study of the role of genes in cognition and behavior, and researchers in this subfield have
Investigated topics such as intelligence, altruism, jealousy, and psychopathology.

A) Psychopharmacology.
B) Cognitive psychology.
C) Behavioral genetics.
D) Psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 33

_______ is the study of the interactions between the brain, behavior, the immune system, and social and
Physical environments.

A) Psychopharmacology.
B) Cognitive psychology.
C) Behavioral genetics.
D) Psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 34

_______ is an early social psychologist whose experiences as a political prisoner helped to inspire his interests
And research into prejudice and conformity.

A) Muzafer Sherif.
B) Solomon Asch.
C) Stanley Milgram.
D) Phillip Zimbardo.

Question 35

_______ is a social psychologist whose best-known research program investigated obedience and instigated
Extensive debate about ethical treatment of participants.

A) Muzafer Sherif.
B) Solomon Asch.
C) Stanley Milgram.
D) Phillip Zimbardo.

Question 36

Due to her work in political psychology, crowd psychology, corporate issues, and management, _________
Helped lay the foundations for industrial-organizational psychology.

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Marion Almira Bills
D) Elizabeth Loftus

Question 37

_______ is viewed as the "Father of Applied Psychology" for his application of psychology to a wide variety
Of business problems such as motivation, argument, persuasion, and suggestions for improving workers' efficiency.

A) Walter Dill Scott
B) Frank Gilbreth
C) Franz von Liszt
D) Hugo Münsterberg

Question 38

________ is viewed as a key contributor to the emergence of industrial-organizational psychology, even though this person's work extended beyond traditional boundaries of psychology into ergonomics, safety, and efficient workplace design in industrial settings as well as the home.

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Walter Dill Scott
D) Hugo Münsterberg

Question 39

This central figure in early applied psychology helped inspire the extension of applied psychology into both
Business arenas and the legal system. He or she was

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Walter Dill Scott
D) Hugo Münsterberg

Question 40

Which of the following events did NOT play a significant role in the extension of psychology to the legal
System?

A) the trial of Daniel M'Naughton.
B) the use of psychological science by Louis D. Brandeis to argue for better working conditions for women.
C) the use of psychological science in the desegregation case, Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
D) Theodore Roosevelt's recognition of the work of Mary Parker Follett

Question 41

Due to this person's rigorous experimental study of eyewitness testimony, the field of psychology and the law
Grew in size and surged in prominence. This person is

A) Hugo Münsterberg
B) Walter Dill Scott
C) Marion Almira Bills
D) Elizabeth Loftus

Question 42

The American Psychological Society was largely founded as a result of the

A) tension between professional and scientific psychology.
B) demand for more specialized research in industrial settings.
C) strain among cognitive researchers and humanistic psychologists.
D) need for increased governmental funding for clinical research.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT representative of contemporary psychology?

A) a substantial increase in the number of fields of applied psychology
B) a proliferation of interest in clinical psychology
C) general movement toward a more unified discipline
D) an increase in professionalism and specialization