Deck 17: Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional Status and Oral Health

Question 1

Each is a gastrointestinal problem,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
B) Hirsutism
C) Hiatal hernia
D) Esophagitis

Answer 1

Hirsutism

Question 2

Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?

A) Antibiotics
B) Diuretics
C) Local anesthetics
D) Anticholinergic

Answer 2

Anticholinergic

Question 3

Each is a complication of neutropenia,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Mucositis
B) Atrophic glossitis
C) Fungal infections
D) Viral infections
E) Candidiasis

Answer 3

Atrophic glossitis

Question 4

Blood pressure consistently 140/90 mm Hg or higher is stage 1 hypertension.Diuretics are frequently prescribed for patients with hyperlipidemia.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 5

All disease processes result from a combination of the following factors,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Failure to have an annual physical examination
B) Presence of an etiologic agent
C) Susceptibility of the host
D) Resistance of the host
E) Environmental factors

Question 6

A vegan dental patient with a nonheme iron anemia should take vitamin D supplements before invasive dental procedures because absorption of nonheme iron is enhanced by vitamin D.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 7

Each is a chronic disease or condition associated with poor nutrient absorption,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Crohn disease
B) Ulcerative colitis
C) Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
D) Celiac disease
E) Ischemia

Question 8

Dental hygienists are in a key position to assess and detect signs and symptoms of systemic disease because more than one third of the patients treated in a dental office frequently do not interact with a general health care provider.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 9

The dental hygienist should encourage a patient who has gastroesophageal reflux to:

A) bring his or her blood glucose monitor.
B) avoid eating for 2 hours prior to the appointment.
C) avoid iron-rich foods.
D) drink orange juice before beginning treatment.

Question 10

Patients having experienced ministrokes may have dysphagia,because gastronomy has impaired the swallowing reflex.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 11

Neurologic deficits can cause patients to be unaware of the presence of food in the mouth.Pocketed foods remain in the mouth,especially the vestibule,after meals in patients.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 12

The term appetite is applicable to each statement,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Appetite is associated with enjoyment of food.
B) Most healthy people have very little appetite.
C) During illness, appetite can decrease because of pain, apathy, anorexia, or drugs.
D) Poor intake can further lessen the desire to eat.

Question 13

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)produces numerous oral effects.A causative relationship has been established between periodontal disease and CVD.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 14

Each is a sign of vitamin B₁₂ deficient megaloblastic anemia,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Angular cheilosis
B) Dark red oral mucosa
C) Recurrent aphthous ulcers
D) Erythematous mucositis

Question 15

A blood clot blocking an artery that is capable of causing a cerebrovascular accident is called an aneurysm.Atherosclerosis,caused by an accumulation of fatty materials,results in narrow and rough arterial walls.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 16

Typical symptoms of all anemias are flushed skin and erythematous oral tissues.The type of anemia can be determined only after evaluation of blood tests.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 17

Taste perception declines with age.Individuals taking three or more medications are likely to have less taste sensitivity and require greater amounts of sodium and sugar to perceive these tastes.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 18

Pain in the tongue is called:

A) glossopharyngeal.
B) glossitis.
C) glossodynia.
D) macroglossia.

Question 19

Each should be recommended for patients with cardiovascular disease,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Salt substitutes
B) Xylitol
C) Fluoride
D) Nitrous oxide during dental treatment

Question 20

Individuals with loss of smell are NOT inclined to:

A) use more spices.
B) eat less.
C) eat and drink more sweets.
D) lose weight.

Question 21

Which statement most accurately reflects current thinking on prescription of bisphosphonates as they relate to osteonecrosis?

A) All patients taking bisphosphonates develop osteonecrosis.
B) The risk of osteonecrosis in patients taking bisphosphonates is negligible.
C) Patients at risk for osteonecrosis have a history of large doses of intravenous bisphosphonates.
D) Osteonecrosis occurs in 1 of 10 people taking bisphosphonates.

Question 22

Each is true of blood glucose levels,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Before dental treatment, blood glucose level should be between 70 and 200 mg/dL.
B) Long and stressful appointments may require testing during the appointment.
C) A glycated hemoglobin A1c is less than 6.5%, indicating that diabetes is well controlled.
D) The dental hygienist should have injectable glucose available.

Question 23

Crowded teeth resulting from retarded growth of the mandible occur in hyperparathyroidism.Systemic bone disturbances are reflected orally in patients with hypopituitarism by jaw enlargement.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 24

Which is correct and advisable for patients with gastrointestinal problems? (Select all that apply.)

A) Avoid foods that increase the likelihood of reflux.
B) Limit caffeine, chocolate, alcohol, and carbonated beverages.
C) Commonly called heartburn, enzyme tablet supplementation is advisable.
D) Eating small meals throughout the day is advisable.
E) Nitrous oxide during dental treatment decreases the likelihood of an episode.

Question 25

Nutrients potentially harmful to renal (kidney)patients on dialysis include each of the following,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Phosphorus
B) Magnesium
C) Protein
D) Some vitamins

Question 26

Oral manifestations of renal (kidney)disease include each,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Delayed eruption
B) Enamel hypoplasia
C) Pulp calcifications
D) Dysphagia
E) Tooth mobility

Question 27

A generalized malignant disease characterized by distorted proliferation and development of white blood cells (WBCs)is called:

A) leukoplakia.
B) leukemia.
C) human papillomavirus.
D) micrognathia.

Question 28

Dental hygienists should encourage patients with eating disorders such as bulimia to brush immediately after vomiting because self-induced vomiting causes erosion of tooth enamel and dentin hypersensitivity.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 29

Which are associated with diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.)

A) Oral candidiasis
B) Severe periodontitis
C) Bradykinesia
D) Micrognathia
E) Lowered resistance to infection

Question 30

Which accurately describe function and disease of the kidneys? (Select all that apply.)

A) The kidney is second to the liver in the elimination of waste products.
B) Progressive loss of nephrons leads to acute kidney failure.
C) During kidney dysfunction, complications arise as by-products accumulate from protein metabolism.
D) Calcium-phosphorus imbalances cause various changes in bone.
E) Odynophagia results from alterations in electrolyte and pH levels.

Question 31

Patients receiving dialysis are least likely to be deficient in which vitamin or mineral?

A) Vitamin K
B) B-complex vitamins
C) Vitamin C
D) Iron
E) Zinc

Question 32

Which nutrients are most frequently cited as being negatively affected by oral problems and dentate status? (Select all that apply.)

A) Protein
B) Vitamin C
C) Fiber
D) Vitamin D
E) Vitamin K

Question 33

The dental hygienist should have three or four glucose tablets available because some oral diabetes medications are often combined with an oral agent that causes hypoglycemia.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 34

Which suggestions are appropriate for a patient with megaloblastic anemia caused by folic acid deficiency? (Select all that apply.)

A) Daily intake of folate is necessary.
B) Take oral vitamin B12 or iron supplements without food.
C) Patients with permanent gastric or ileal damage need vitamin B12 supplementation for several months.
D) Vitamin B12 shots are always indicated for "tired blood."
E) Raw vegetables are a better source of folate than cooked vegetables.

Question 35

Individuals with bulimia may be described as achievement-oriented perfectionists.Bulimia,which is synonymous with anorexia nervosa,is characterized by intentional and controllable secret periods of overeating usually followed by purging.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 36

Childhood hypopituitarism results in diastemata between most teeth because increased skeletal growth results in enlargement of both the mandible and the maxilla.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 37

Which describe oral conditions diabetic patients and dental hygienists should watch for? (Select all that apply.)

A) Changes in the fit of partial denture or bridges
B) Pain when chewing
C) Pale gingiva
D) Teeth feeling "tight"
E) Gingival hyperplasia

Question 38

Chemotherapeutic drugs cause each detrimental effect,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Hypogeusia
B) Anosmia
C) Slow cellular turnover rate in alimentary tract
D) Stomatitis
E) Mucositis

Question 39

Which condition can be caused by inadequate iodine and results in short stature,poor muscle tone,and intellectual disabilities when it occurs at birth or in young children?

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Hyperparathyroidism
C) Parkinson disease
D) Kaposi sarcoma

Question 40

Few dental and periodontal changes and no oral mucosal changes are observed in well-controlled diabetes.The fruity-smelling breath characteristic of diabetes is more common in type 2 diabetes.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 41

Which are oral complications of acquired immunodeficiency disease? (Select all that apply.)

A) Candidiasis
B) Lipodystrophy
C) Oral hairy leukoplakia
D) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
E) Polyphagia

Question 42

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Can occur secondarily to a tumor,head trauma,or infection in the brain

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 43

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Abnormal mass of tissue

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 44

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Hardening or abnormal density of bone

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 45

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Hypothyroidism

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 46

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Megaloblastic anemia associated with vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 47

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Replace bone in hyperparathyroidism

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 48

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Diminished number of white blood cells

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 49

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Lingering unpleasant taste even though nothing is in the mouth

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia

Question 50

It is important that the dental hygienist understand the effects of systemic disease on nutritional status and oral health. Match each disease, condition, or medication with its most appropriate description.
Osteonecrosis

A)Phantom taste
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Neutropenia
D)Bisphosphonates
E)Goitrogens
F)Hypopituitarism
G)Brown tumors
H)Osteosclerosis
I)Neoplasia