Deck 4: The End of the Premodern World 1000-1600 Ce

Question 1

The key economic development that appeared during the High Middle Ages (1,000-1350) was:

A) The first large sailing ships used for trade
B) the invention of smelting and trading Bronze
C) the first autonomous European cities
D) all of these

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The rise of autonomous cities in Europe was a historical turning point because:

A) the citizens of cities embraced technology.
B) the first businessmen appeared seeking profit and personal financial gain.
C) citizens of the cities were free with no feudal obligations.
D) all of these.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Box 4.1 "Postmodernism" mentions the phrase, "as above, so below". This phrase describes:

A) the idea that human social status on earth ought to reflect the divine hierarchical order of the heavens.
B) the newly developed agricultural theory regarding the planting of crops on steep European hillsides.
C) the idea that college and university students should be organized by seniority from senior to first year students.
D) none of these.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

As a voice for Christian Neoplatonic philosophy, St. Bonaventure believed:

A) In the whole person, rejecting the idea of a physical body.
B) In the whole person, rejecting the idea of the soul.
C) The essence of a person was the soul and it had 2 sorts of knowledge.
D) The essence of a person was the body and it had 7 sorts of knowledge.

Question 5

One of the most influential achievements of St. Thomas Aquinas was his attempt to:

A) research and find a cure for the Black Death plague.
B) reject the teachings of the Church in order to pursue reason alone.
C) reject Aristotle's ideas, and thus divide philosophy and theology.
D) demonstrates that Aristotle's ideas were compatible with Christianity, thus harmonizing philosophy and theology.

Question 6

Find the best match for the following statement: He limited in part a person's knowledge of the world. He believed that God can only be know by inference from his work, thus he harmonized philosophy and theology.

A) William of Ockham
B) St. Bonaventure
C) St. Thomas Aquinas
D) none of these people.

Question 7

Aquinas sharply broke with Neoplatonic faculty psychology when he claimed that:

A) the mental faculties were organized in a hierarchy
B) soul and body form a natural unity
C) introspection is the best way to know the soul
D) the soul is entombed in the body

Question 8

Find the best match for the following statement: The soul and the body are completely distinct substances, with the immortal soul using the body during the soul's earthly existence.

A) William of Ockham
B) St. Bonaventure
C) St. Thomas Aquinas
D) none of these people.

Question 9

Find the best match for the following statement: Rejected traditional radical dualism. Believed the body is not a tomb, a prison, or punishment; nor is it a puppet operated by the soul. A person is a whole, a mind and a body.

A) William of Ockham
B) St. Bonaventure
C) St. Thomas Aquinas
D) none of these people.

Question 10

Ockham discarded many of the metaphysical problems of Plato and Aristotle by rejecting the world of universals. For Ockham many of these concepts were:

A) ideas in the mind of God
B) fixed essences or Forms
C) learned habits derived from experience
D) none of the above

Question 11

William of Ockham:

A) rejected the real existence of universals and forms.
B) rejected the idea that the soul has distinct mental faculties like will or intellect.
C) Separated faith and reason by arguing that only faith provides knowledge of the immortal soul.
D) all of the above

Question 12

Renaissance humanism turned the focus of human inquiry away from medieval preoccupation with __________ and toward the study of ________.

A) nature/human nature, God
B) God, nature/human nature
C) book, machines like clocks
D) art, architecture

Question 13

Probably the first person to inquire into human nature without regard for religion or moral philosophy was:

A) Girolamo Gouda
B) Rene Descartes
C) Niccolo Machiavelli
D) George Berkeley

Question 14

Believing that a magnet's power to attract metal objects is the result of an internal power inherent and natural to magnets and not the result of an external spell or demon best illustrates the point of view known as:

A) Renaissance naturalism.
B) Vegetative soul.
C) Skepticism.
D) none of these.

Question 15

Which of these explanations of magnetism is an example of Renaissance naturalism?

A) Magnets contain demons that attract metals but repel each other.
B) Magnets are composed of a material with the natural power to attract metal.
C) Magnets are made by sorcerers using ancient chemical spells.
D) Magnets are jewelry lost by the pagan gods when visiting earth.

Question 16

Traditional political philosophy gave advice on what a prince should do to be good. However, Machiavelli's advice in "The Prince" was meant to make a Prince _________.

A) more popular and admired than the Church.
B) loved by all the people he ruled over.
C) effective as a ruler, not moral.
D) responsible to the moral judgment of God.

Question 17

Dante's "Divine Comedy" is an allegorical tale of an imaginary trip through Hell. Dante's Hell is arranged on ________ lines, with sins at different levels.

A) magnetic
B) Aristotelian
C) Galileo
D) Post-modern

Question 18

The author of the text notes that Cervantes story of "Don Quixote" explores the personal character, personality and consciousness of a fictional character. By writing about realistic like characters that do not exist, one could arguably state that both ______ and the concept of _______had arrived by the time of Cervantes.

A) money, fame
B) the novel, the individual
C) science fiction, fantasy
D) fame, community

Question 19

Although the Reformation had no direct impact on psychology, it did have an important outcome on the history of psychology. Both Protestants and Catholics alike _________.

A) began paying penance for their sins.
B) began to apply the scientific method to understand human behavior.
C) returned to the writings of Plato as a way to understand the universe thus uniting philosophy and theology.
D) began to look inside themselves for grace, paving the way for Descartes introspective philosophical method.

Question 20

Based on their world view, a Renaissance physician might cure a skull fracture or brain damage by administrating walnuts. The reason being:

A) Walnuts shells resemble the skull and the nut the human brain.
B) Walnuts shells and nuts contain chemicals that could reduce brain swelling.
C) Walnuts were used by Plato and Aristotle in their day.
D) Galileo had shown that Walnuts were very nourishing and healthy.

Question 21

In the Renaissance world view, the world may is like a(n):

A) book
B) apple
C) ladder to the heavens
D) fast flowing stream or river

Question 22

In the Renaissance, the world was viewed as a book. To understand nature then one had to:

A) look for signs and decipher their meaning.
B) use close observations, seeking out similarities and resemblances.
C) use hermeneutics.
D) all of the above.

Question 23

How did the rise of cities in the middle ages affect the development of science and technology?

Question 24

Demonstrate how the "Great Chain of Being" and the belief in "as above, so below" maintained the pre-modern ideology that change was bad.

Question 25

Why can it be said that the Renaissance both worshipped and reviled humanity?

Question 26

What did medieval theologians mean by the idea of "faith seeking reason"?

Question 27

How did Ockham's distinction between knowledge by faith and knowledge by reason help lead to science?

Question 28

Explain why the author describes the point of view known as Renaissance naturalism as being halfway between religion and science. What two limitations at the time did Renaissance naturalism have when it came to explaining the mind?

Question 29

What does it mean to say that during the Renaissance the worldview was like a book to be read and deciphered?