Deck 19: Closings In, Closings Out

Question 1

What event in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine empire?

A) Absorption into the Holy Roman Empire
B) A fire that destroyed half of Constantinople
C) Invasion by the Ottoman Turks
D) The death of the last emperor of the Palaeologos dynasty

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What were the main weaknesses of the failing Byzantine Empire? (Select all that apply.)

A) Colonial
B) Ecclesiastical
C) Economic
D) Military

Answer 2

C,D

Question 3

The Ottomans took over the power of the ______________, who had once been united under Saladin.

Answer 3

Saljuq Turks

Question 4

How did the Latin West respond to the scenario depicted in this map?

A) Crusades were launched to defend the Byzantine empire
B) Treaties were made with the Mamluks and Ottomans
C) The Latin West joined in the despoliation of Byzantium
D) The Latin West did nothing to intervene

Question 5

What was a major economic repercussion of the fall of the Byzantine empire to the Ottomans?

A) The Ottomans replaced the Byzantines as the West's best trade partner
B) Trade was stimulated as a result of growing monopolies
C) Trade routes between Western Europe and Asia were severed
D) New products flooded Western markets

Question 6

What innovations were necessary before finding a new ocean route to the East? (Select all that apply.)

A) Improved navigational methods
B) Financial systems to support bigger journeys
C) Better ocean-worthy ships
D) Merchant interest in spices

Question 7

The _________ replaced the galley as the most effective ship for rough, open water.

Question 8

What navigational techniques were used by these seafarers to the far East? (Select all that apply.)

A) Astrolabe
B) Compass
C) Measurer of longitude
D) Nautical map

Question 9

What overarching shift in merchant activity happened as a result of seeking a route to the East?

A) The trade economy was reoriented to the Atlantic coast
B) Land trade generally converted to sea trade
C) An interest in geographic expansion overtook the focus on sea trade
D) Trade in the Mediterranean ceased altogether

Question 10

What event marked the turning point in the Reconquista?

A) The Albigensian crusade
B) The consolidation of Islamic armies against Christians
C) The splintering of the kingdoms of Léon-Castile and Aragon
D) The battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

Question 11

Which area was the last to fall to Spanish Christian forces?

A) Granada
B) Castile
C) Las Navas
D) Valencia

Question 12

What best describes Portugal's agenda as politics shifted in the Iberian peninsula?

A) Focus towards the Mediterranean
B) Focus towards the Atlantic
C) Desire to go to war with the Spanish kingdoms
D) Desire to declare independence

Question 13

What privileges enabled the Jews to rise to prominence in the Middle Ages? (Select all that apply.)

A) Personal protection from bishops
B) Complete freedom to live and worship as they liked
C) Tax exemptions
D) Exemptions from all lawsuits against them

Question 14

Curiously, the Christian rumors levied against Jews echoed first-century rumors levied by the _________ people against early Christians.

Question 15

Where was anti-Jewish mob violence most virulent and most frequent? (Select all that apply.)

A) Denmark
B) Italy
C) France
D) Germany

Question 16

Towards which direction did most expelled Ashkenazi Jews relocate?

A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West

Question 17

The papal decree known as ______________ formally enforced permanent cloistering for all religious women.

Question 18

Which group was actually among the main targets of the pope's command to be cloistered?

A) Beguines
B) Cistercians
C) Benedictines
D) Premonstratensians

Question 19

How did Pope Clement V try to resolve issues of lax behavior in convents?

A) Disbanding of all disobedient nuns
B) Establishing male clerics as heads of all female houses
C) Stripping convents of their financial donations
D) Prohibiting the wealthy from entering monastic life

Question 20

Besides nuns' religious behavior, what other concern did papal decrees express?

A) The threat of secular education
B) Misuse of holy texts
C) Distracting political activity
D) Harmful economic inequalities