Deck 16: Changes in Religious Life

Question 1

Which of the following is a hallmark of late medieval Christian piety? (Select all that apply.)

A) View of Jesus as a stern judge
B) Veneration of the Virgin Mary
C) Imitation of Christ
D) Focus on earthly pleasures

Answer 1

B,C

Question 2

The ____________ orders including the Franciscans and Dominicans were also known as 'begging' orders.

Answer 2

Mendicant

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the agenda of the mendicants?

A) To imitate the ancient Pharisees
B) To prove that wealth was not inimical to faith
C) To assist overextended parish clergy in administering and preaching
D) To gain power through alliances with the pope

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What new ideas about penance came into being in this period?

A) It showed God's love and could be performed daily in small acts
B) It could only be achieved through arduous pilgrimages
C) It highlighted God's position as fearsome judge of sins
D) It fundamentally relied on the purchase of indulgences

Question 5

What task did the pope assign to the Dominicans?

A) Founding great monasteries in Spain
B) Running the daily chores of parish churches
C) Proselytizing to the Mongols in Asia
D) Preaching against Catharism in Southern France

Question 6

What hallmark characteristic was pursued and achieved by the Dominicans?

A) Scholarly and legal training
B) Poverty in word and deed
C) Excessive conversions
D) Charitable donations

Question 7

What best describes the term 'evangelical poverty'?

A) Being born poor
B) Choosing poverty for religious reasons
C) Owning goods but being poor 'in spirit'
D) Purposefully amassing wealth to give it away

Question 8

Why was the Church's wealth so problematic for thirteenth-century reformers?

A) Attention to wealth entrenched the Church in the world, undermining its spiritual authority
B) Obsession with rejecting wealth made the Church unable to carry out its pastoral duties
C) It was being used for decidedly anti-ecclesiastical purposes
D) It was less problematic for reformers than the debate over sacraments

Question 9

What did the Spiritual Franciscans object to after Francis' death?

A) The existence of any rule for the Order
B) The pope's decision to canonize Francis
C) The Order's right to own property in common
D) The hagiographies being written about Francis

Question 10

Named for one of St Francis' devoted followers, the ____________ served as the female branch of the Franciscans.

Question 11

What liturgical and devotional changes indicate an interest in Christ's humanity? (Select all that apply.)

A) Following the Stations of the Cross
B) The invention of pilgrimage
C) Increased access to the Eucharist
D) Starker division between male and female piety

Question 12

As depicted in this fresco, what was Mary's major new role in thirteenth-century piety?

A) As a worldly queen
B) As a virgin Christ-bearer
C) As a disciplining judge of souls
D) As an idealized intercessor for believers

Question 13

Who commissioned the huge compendium of popular songs dedicated to Mary known as the Cantigas de Santa Maria?

A) St Francis
B) Pope Innocent III
C) Castilian king Alfonso X
D) Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II

Question 14

______________ is a phenomenon of reputed experience of immediate, tactile contact with God.

Question 15

Why was mysticism important to women?

A) They could join the Church hierarchy after experiencing visions
B) They relied increasingly heavily on priests to interpret God's love
C) They shared in immediate contact with God without clerical intervention
D) They were never heeded by male clerics when reporting mystical experiences

Question 16

How did St Catherine commute her ecstatic authority into action?

A) She wrote extensive letters to leading religious and secular powers
B) She retired to a convent and lived her days out in a cloister
C) She performed a real marriage ceremony to Jesus
D) She became an anchoress

Question 17

What best describes the Orthodox Church's condition in the thirteenth century?

A) It was increasingly persecutorial and critical of challenge
B) It was governed exclusively by the patriarch of Constantinople
C) It experienced the same radical shifts as the Latin Church
D) It remained essentially as it had been in earlier centuries

Question 18

The term _____________, which applies loosely to the Orthodox practices here, refers to the governing system in which a secular ruler also holds religious authority.

Question 19

What area did the Orthodox Church seek to convert and expand into?

A) Muslim Turkish territories
B) Slavic territories to the North
C) The Holy Land
D) North African Islamic territories

Question 20

Why were Orthodox inroads into pagan territories limited to monastic rather than parochial establishments? (Select all that apply.)

A) The promise of wealth associated with monastery life
B) The disinterest of pagans in parish systems
C) The lack of highly urbanized centers
D) The continued shortage of trained priests