Deck 28: Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

Question 1

When sediments are transformed into rock, it is termed:

A) lithification
B) compaction
C) cementation
D) calcification

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Common cements in sedimentary rocks are:

A) silica & oxygen
B) calcite & silica
C) muds & clays
D) water & oxygen

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A common nonclastic sedimentary rock is:

A) sandstone
B) shale
C) halite
D) conglomerate

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which statement best describes the characteristic of a conglomerate?

A) rounded pebbles formed during transport by water for some distance
B) angular pebbles were formed during a sudden rock fall
C) well-sorted sediments formed during transport over great distances
D) random directions of the long axes of elliptical pebbles provide evidence of sudden deposition

Question 5

Cross-bedding are:

A) beds that cross each other from different directions due to change of deposition patterns
B) beds that are angled and then abruptly eroded due to severe weather patterns resulting in exposed layers along the exterior
C) beds that continue undisturbed across a river due to their resistant nature
D) beds inclined at an angle to the overall layering of the rock due to wind blowing sand over the crest of dunes

Question 6

In general, which mineral is most abundant in sandstone?

A) obsidian glass
B) feldspar
C) calcium carbonate
D) quartz

Question 7

Layers composed of similar characteristics and can distinguished from juxtaposed layers is termed:

A) bedding planes
B) strata
C) stratigraphy
D) stratification

Question 8

Unconformities are breaks or gaps in the rock record and may be formed by a(n):

A) erosional event
B) non-depositional event
C) both (a) and (b)
D) none of the above

Question 9

Common table salt is also known as:

A) anhydrite
B) gypsum
C) halite
D) limestone

Question 10

Sedimentary and igneous rocks can be changed by heat and/or pressure into a metamorphic rock, but metamorphic rocks cannot change into another rock.

Question 11

Foliation (layering in metamorphic rocks) is seen in the following metamorphic rocks EXCEPT:

A) quartzite
B) gneiss
C) slate
D) schist

Question 12

Contact metamorphism are rocks that have been changed by:

A) stress
B) strain
C) heat
D) pressure

Question 13

Only sedimentary and igneous rocks can be metamorphosed.

Question 14

While studying a stratigraphic section, a peculiar rock is found in one of the strata. It is made up of rounded pebbles of various sizes that are set within a sand-like matrix. What is the rock's name and what processes would best explain its formation?

A) rocky Sandstone; underwater landslide and then brought to the shoreline by large waves
B) breccia; landslide deposit, buried and then cemented together
C) conglomerate; transported by water, deposited, compacted, and cemented together
D) pebblestone; periodic flooding, transported, deposited followed by drought conditions