Deck 9: A Republic in Transition, 1800-1819

Question 1

How did Aaron Burr become vice president in 1800?

Answer 1

He was runner-up in the presidential election. Prior to the Twelfth Amendment, that determined the vice president.

Question 2

Having lost control of Congress and then the presidency in 1800, Federalists sought to perpetuate their authority in government through what legislation?

Answer 2

The Judiciary Act of 1801.

Question 3

Explain the mission of Robert Livingston and James Monroe in France.

Answer 3

They were to explore the possibility of securing American shipping and commercial rights on the French-controlled Mississippi River.

Question 4

How did Second Great Awakening revivals appear to observers?

Question 5

Who served as secretary of the Treasury during the Jefferson administration?

Question 6

Who successfully defended New Orleans from a British attack on January 8, 1815, a month after the Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812?

Question 7

What group benefited most from government sales of land prior to the Harrison Land Act of 1800?

Question 8

What powered the market development of the Mississippi Valley in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 9

Textile manufacturers staffed their mills with employees from what group?

Question 10

In what case did the Supreme Court affirm the power of the federal government over all regulation of interstate commerce?

Question 11

Which of the following was not something Andrew Jackson had done as a young man?

A) Fight the British during the Revolution.
B) Establish himself as a lawyer.
C) Fight a duel.
D) Run for local office.

Question 12

What was the theme of Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address?

A) He announced a New Deal for the American people to help them recover from a depressed economy.
B) He attempted to put partisan bitterness of the previous decade to rest.
C) He called for war against pirates operating along the Barbary Coast.
D) He urged Americans to bear any burden to maintain freedom.

Question 13

What event heightened concerns in 1800 that the nation might not survive, but fracture?

A) The French Revolution.
B) The Ostend Manifesto.
C) The Hamilton-Burr duel.
D) The Gabriel slave conspiracy.

Question 14

How did the election of 1800 change the U.S. Constitution?

A) It brought about the creation of electoral colleges.
B) It established federal circuit courts to adjudicate election results.
C) It established the first limits on campaign financing.
D) The Twelfth Amendment established party tickets for the election of president and vice president.

Question 15

Why did Thomas Jefferson want to see Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase impeached?

A) The justice had called for violent resistance against the new administration.
B) The justice was a notorious alcoholic and womanizer.
C) The justice had shown his senility in a series of flawed rulings.
D) The justice had shown himself partisan in the Sedition Act prosecutions.

Question 16

To weaken a Federalist attempt to pack the federal courts through late-term appointments authorized by the Judiciary Act of 1801, President Jefferson ordered

A) Commissions for new judges not yet delivered to be withheld.
B) New judges to surrender their commissions and cease holding court.
C) The act declared null and void.
D) U.S. marshals to close down federal courts until new legislation passed Congress.

Question 17

How did Judge John Marshall use the case of Marbury v. Madison to expand the authority of the Supreme Court?

A) By overruling Marbury and ordering him to award Madison his patent.
B) By establishing the principle of state reciprocity.
C) By holding the actions of lower courts in error and ordering a new trial for Marbury.
D) He established the Court's judicial review to rule on the constitutionality of executive and legislative actions.

Question 18

On what mission did President Jefferson send Robert Livingston and James Monroe to France?

A) To assist Napoleon Bonaparte in rewriting France's legal code.
B) To purchase New Orleans and West Florida.
C) To secure bribe money left behind during the XYZ Affair.
D) To seek French assistance in dealing with Barbary pirates.

Question 19

What Democratic-Republican principle was violated by the Louisiana Purchase?

A) Agrarian foundation of the republic.
B) Not incurring additional international obligations before the country was firmly established.
C) Keeping the government small.
D) Strict construction of the Constitution.

Question 20

In 1804 President Jefferson sent an expedition led by _____________ to investigate the northern portion of land purchased from France.

A) Daniel Boone and James Madison.
B) David Crockett and Mike Fink.
C) Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
D) Zebulon and Albert Pike.

Question 21

The 1804 mission to investigate the northern portion of land purchased from France was completed successfully, partially because

A) Army quartermaster and commissary corps provided adequate supplies.
B) Indians generally accepted their explanation that they were interested only in trade, not additional territory.
C) Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, served as guide and interpreter.
D) Unfriendly Indians who lived along their route were mostly absent on hunting trips.

Question 22

The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair involved

A) An agreement between diplomatic agents concerning the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase.
B) A British warship firing across the bow of an American navy ship to force inspection of her crew.
C) A trade agreement to exchange American tobacco for African slaves.
D) A troubling indiscretion within the Department of the Treasury.

Question 23

President Jefferson's policy of embargo did what?

A) Approved the purchase of Louisiana.
B) Attempted to purge Federalists from the judicial branch.
C) Closed American ports and ordered American vessels to remain in port.
D) Compensated Indians for their land when whites occupied land Indians formerly controlled.

Question 24

What prompted Jefferson to consider federal spending on education and infrastructure?

A) His desire for industrial development.
B) His fear of a British invasion.
C) His concern about the new western territories.
D) The prospect of a federal surplus.

Question 25

What prompted the formation of the Tertium Quids in 1808?

A) Jefferson's desire to buy West Florida.
B) Jefferson's opposition to the Embargo Act.
C) Napoleon's attack on American shipping.
D) The Federalists clamoring for war with England.

Question 26

How did President Jefferson describe his administration?

A) Like life in a public housing project.
B) As magnificent obsession.
C) That the White House was like a big white jail.
D) As splendid misery.

Question 27

Congress's Non-Intercourse Act, signed by President James Madison,

A) Approved trade with England but not France because of the human rights violations of the French Revolution.
B) Reinstated the embargo that had been repealed before Jefferson left office.
C) Released American ships to trade with France, an ally since the American Revolution, but not with England.
D) Reopened trade with all of Europe except England and France unless they stopped interfering with American shipping.

Question 28

On June 1, 1812, after continuing interference with American shipping, President Madison asked Congress to declare war on

A) England, because the British navy continued to stop American vessels and impress American sailors into the British service.
B) France and England, because both continued to violate the neutrality of the United States.
C) France, because Napoleon violated his pledge to allow American ships access to continental ports.
D) Spain, after Florida-based Indians raided in Georgia and Alabama and Spain did nothing to stop it.

Question 29

Western Americans clamored for war because they believed that

A) Both England and France would never stop trying to make colonies of American territories.
B) British agents stirred up Indian unrest in the West to block American expansion.
C) French traders still participated in the fur trade in their area.
D) Spain was impotent to control Indians in areas they claimed.

Question 30

New England shippers

A) Supported a war against England.
B) Supported a war against France.
C) Opposed a war against England.
D) Opposed a war against Spain.

Question 31

What did Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun have in common in 1812?

A) They wanted the expansion of slavery.
B) They opposed war in the West.
C) They were members of the Whig Party.
D) They argued fiercely for war and the capture of Canada.

Question 32

After the United States declared war with England for a second time in a generation, American forces

A) Invaded Canada but were repulsed.
B) Launched a massive shipbuilding campaign to oppose British vessels on the high seas.
C) Prepared to invade Ireland and then move on to England.
D) Were trained for battle by George Washington, their most experienced military leader.

Question 33

The United States attempted to counter Britain's superior sea power by

A) Building as many Navy ships as possible.
B) Launching an "arsenal of democracy" in the Atlantic.
C) Sticking strictly to land warfare.
D) Turning to private schooners and sloops that captured more than 1,300 British vessels.

Question 34

At Fort Henry,

A) American defenses withstood British bombardment.
B) British troops landed and marched toward Washington, D. C., burning it to the ground.
C) Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks Creek Indians.
D) American ambitions for the capture of Canada fell apart.

Question 35

The Americans' greatest military victory, ironically achieved after the War of 1812 had officially ended, was

A) Andrew Jackson's defeat of a British invasion of New Orleans.
B) Edward Packenham's invasion of England in 1815.
C) William Henry Harrison's triumph over Creeks and British agents at Horseshoe Bend.
D) Winfield Scott's victory over Tecumseh and British allies at Tippecanoe Creek.

Question 36

What was the chief political importance of Andrew Jackson's victory at New Orleans?

A) It launched Jackson on a political career that led to the presidency.
B) It made the demands of the Hartford Convention a serious concern.
C) It rendered the invasion of Canada unnecessary.
D) It saved the Madison administration from embarrassment.

Question 37

According to the Treaty of Ghent, signed on December 24, 1814,

A) America apologized for invading Canada.
B) England agreed to remove its troops from the Northwest.
C) England and America settled all boundary disputes.
D) England said it would observe America's neutral rights in its continuing war with France.

Question 38

In America during the decade following the War of 1812,

A) Labor unions organized to strike for higher wages.
B) Paternalistic employment arrangements declined in favor of wage dependency and labor contracts.
C) Wages fell when wartime contracts expired.
D) Women entered the workforce on a more equal basis with men.

Question 39

By the first decade of the nineteenth century, American ships were trading everywhere but

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) Israel.
D) India.

Question 40

Congress's land policy of selling sections of 640 acres at a dollar an acre prior to 1800

A) Enabled large plantations in the South and even larger ranches in the West.
B) Helped poor people obtain more land.
C) Restricted sales primarily to speculators.
D) Started a land rush in the West.

Question 41

What innovation made the most dramatic difference to transportation in antebellum travel?

A) New ship designs, especially the clipper ship.
B) Stagecoaches with steel springs instead of leather springs.
C) Steel axles on Lancaster wagons.
D) The steam engine.

Question 42

Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston launched the first successful

A) Corporation.
B) Holding company.
C) Steamboat.
D) Venture capital investment firm.

Question 43

Why was the powered steamboat able to expand river trade dramatically?

A) Its ability to go upstream as well as downstream.
B) The improved comfort level of travelers.
C) Its power to stay afloat even when out of steam.
D) Its ability to transport more freight than could barges.

Question 44

The Erie Canal allowed for the transportation of goods from

A) Buffalo to New York City.
B) New York City to Pittsburgh.
C) Philadelphia to Pittsburgh.
D) Boston to Amherst.

Question 45

Samuel Slater and Eli Whitney pioneered what?

A) The Industrial Revolution.
B) The development of the first viable railroad line in America.
C) Educational reform.
D) The age of canal building.

Question 46

Textile mills operated by Francis Cabot Lowell drew on what group for its primary labor resource?

A) Immigrants, especially from southern Europe.
B) Men who had families to support.
C) Regional farmers, especially during winter months.
D) Unmarried women.

Question 47

What was the Waltham system?

A) A clock manufacturing center in Waltham, Massachusetts.
B) The integration of textile production from fiber to finished clothes.
C) A method of removing tenacious seeds from the fiber of cotton with sufficient economy to increase cotton acreage.
D) A network of connecting canals that enabled water transportation from Albany to Buffalo, New York.

Question 48

After 1815 about half of the members of the U.S. Congress were engaged in what profession?

A) Commerce.
B) Investments.
C) Law.
D) Medicine.

Question 49

What rule of law was upheld in the case of Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819), a case concerning the charter of Dartmouth College?

A) Freedom of religion.
B) Judicial review.
C) Rights of contract.
D) States' rights.

Question 50

Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for the Supreme Court in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), ruled that

A) A federal income tax was prohibited by the constitutional proscription against a direct tax not apportioned by states.
B) A slave was not automatically free just because he was transported to an area where slavery was not established by law.
C) A state could not tax an institution created by the federal government because the power to tax it could lead to the power to destroy it.
D) Maryland could not force a change in Jack McCulloch's contract to operate a ferry across Chesapeake Bay.

Question 51

Which case decided by the Marshall Court established the federal government's authority over interstate commerce?

A) Gibbons v. Ogden.
B) McCulloch v. Maryland.
C) Dartmouth v. Woodward.
D) Palmer v. Mulligan.

Question 52

The death of the Shawnee leader Tecumseh marked the end of what?

A) The belief that the Prophet's medicine would stop bullets.
B) Efforts to force Indians to live on reservations.
C) Indian slavery in the "dark and bloody ground" of Kentucky.
D) Organized Indian resistance to white advances east of the Mississippi River.

Question 53

The religious revival meetings held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky, in 1801, are characterized by all of the following except

A) It created waves of similar revival meetings, especially in upstate New York.
B) The theology that was preached reflected Americans' experiences at the time, especially those of settlers moving west.
C) The formality of the older Presbyterian and Congregational churches did not nurture Americans' needs.
D) The revivals, although intense, did not have long-term effects on American religious thinking.

Question 54

Religion in New England after the War of 1812

A) Abolished the Half-Way Covenant and admitted women to membership.
B) Rejected its Calvinist orientation.
C) Rejected state financial support such as exemption from taxation.
D) Saw the rise of splinter groups such as Unitarianism that held positive views of human nature and universal salvation.

Question 55

Widespread religious revivals early in the nineteenth century were known as what?

A) Millennialism.
B) New Age Revelation.
C) Sawdust revivalism.
D) The Second Great Awakening.

Question 56

Most Americans drew their concepts of the ideal society in terms of

A) A separation of church and state in matters of conscience.
B) Greek democracy and Roman republicanism.
C) The language of Protestant Christianity.
D) Rituals of traditional Christianity.

Question 57

What influence undermined traditional autocratic governance in the workplace and homes?

A) Growing secularism in religion.
B) Natural rebelliousness of youth.
C) Revolutionary rhetoric of independence.
D) Subverting influence of liberalism.

Question 58

Joseph Smith, son of farmers in western New York,

A) Became the first missionary to reach the Willamette Indians in Oregon.
B) Experienced revelations that resulted in founding the Church of Christ, Scientist.
C) Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
D) Preached at the Cane River Revival.

Question 59

According to beliefs of the Church of Latter-Day Saints, what is The Book of Mormon?

A) An American revision of the King James Version of the Holy Bible.
B) A compilation of the thoughts of leading Christian theologians.
C) Information learned from sea scrolls found by archeologists in the Middle East.
D) Translations of golden tablets describing God's intentions for the latter days of creation.

Question 60

Which of the following were the result(s) of the Panic of 1819?

A) Americans understood the complexity of the global market.
B) Americans blamed a variety of and sometimes contradictory reasons for the Panic.
C) Speculation in lending and borrowing increased the economic problems.
D) Each statement is accurate.

Question 61

How did Thomas Jefferson's administration change the direction of American domestic policy?

Question 62

How did President Jefferson deal with British and French violations of the neutral rights of the United States?

Question 63

Discuss significant changes in American society and its economy, 1800-1830.

Question 64

Explain the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in establishing a legal framework for a modern market economy.