Deck 2: Colonial Outposts, 1550-1650

Question 1

Whose voyages of discovery provided England with claims in the New World?

Answer 1

John Cabot.

Question 2

What was most often the goal in Iroquois warfare?

Answer 2

Capturing young women and children to replenish their tribe.

Question 3

What agreement provided a temporary truce to warring Iroquois and Algonquians?

Answer 3

Five Nations or Great League of Peace.

Question 4

Who founded Quebec?

Question 5

What economic system valued colonies as sources of raw materials and a market for excess products?

Question 6

What was the main reason New Netherland practiced such considerable tolerance toward its settlers?

Question 7

Name the beads made from clamshells that Indians used as a medium of exchange.

Question 8

What new business form enabled the accumulation of capital to pay for the development of English colonies?

Question 9

What was the first English colony in the New World?

Question 10

France, England, and Holland traded with Indians for what valuable product of the New World?

Question 11

The experience of Don Luis de Velasco, or Paquiquineo, illustrates the

A) Difficulty of Europeans in finding viable economic opportunities in the New World.
B) Ease with which European and Indian cultures could interact.
C) Powerful desire for gold, glory, and Gospel among Spanish conquistadors.
D) Church-state bond present in most European countries.

Question 12

What about don Luis's behavior shocked and scandalized the Spanish Jesuits in1570?

A) He refused to convert.
B) He cohabited with a boy from the Spanish settlement, Alonzo.
C) He took several wives.
D) He refused to leave Spain after his conversion.

Question 13

What influenced European countries other than Portugal and Spain to become active in the New World?

A) Getting away from established routines.
B) Hope for wealth, glory, and power.
C) Having a place to send criminals and surplus population.
D) Religious freedom.

Question 14

Most colonies established by European nations in the first half of the seventeenth century were

A) Efforts to advance Protestantism.
B) In violation of the pope's expressed wishes.
C) Outposts in the global economy.
D) Undertaken to learn more about the world.

Question 15

Why had the Spanish been comparatively lucky in their colonizing mission to the Americas?

A) Native tribes in Mesoamerica had offered no resistance.
B) Mesoamericans readily accepted the Christian faith.
C) Mesoamerica's sedentary populations were already familiar with social hierarchies and the paying of tribute.
D) Spanish subjects were willing and ready settlers and quickly established a large population base in Mesoamerica.

Question 16

What first attracted French interest in North America?

A) Agricultural opportunities in the Ruhr Valley.
B) Fishing in waters near Newfoundland.
C) Tobacco, cotton, and other New World commodities.
D) Trading opportunities for French tea merchants.

Question 17

John Cabot was born in

A) Genoa.
B) Portsmouth.
C) Antwerp.
D) Amsterdam.

Question 18

Because the French and English found no gold or silver in areas they claimed in the New World, they

A) Concentrated on their colonies in India and China.
B) Put off colonization for two centuries.
C) Stole from the Spanish, who did find gold and silver.
D) Turned to farming as a way to survive.

Question 19

How did the Spanish King Phillip II react to explorations by France and England?

A) He asked for more soldiers and sailors.
B) He dared them to enter areas claimed by Spain.
C) He established a string of forts.
D) He withdrew Spain's outposts into a defensive line.

Question 20

After threats by the Orista Indians in Florida and by England's Sir Francis Drake, the Spanish abandoned all of eastern Louisiana except for St. Augustín because

A) Dutch traders felt encouraged to challenge Portugal in Africa.
B) France took advantage of England's involvement with Spain and occupied the Hudson River valley.
C) Spain regarded the area as peripheral to its primary interests.
D) Wars between the two nations continued over the next century.

Question 21

French crews traded for beaver pelts used in France to make

A) Felt hats.
B) Parkas for explorers.
C) Robes for royalty.
D) Soft linings for gloves.

Question 22

The Five Nations or Great League of Peace

A) Allowed Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands to share the Western Hemisphere.
B) Curtailed the mourning wars among Iroquois in upper New York.
C) Dealt mostly with European affairs but affected the colonists indirectly.
D) Ended the war among the Spanish, Aztecs, French, Iroquois, and Anasazi.

Question 23

When a member of an Iroquois clan was lost in battle,

A) His remains were returned to Mother Earth.
B) His spirit lived on in his children, according to Iroquois tradition.
C) His tribesmen killed or seized a warrior of the offending clan.
D) His widow was forbidden to remarry.

Question 24

Samuel de Champlain

A) Attempted to establish a utopian society in northwestern New France.
B) Founded Jamestown in 1608.
C) Retraced Cartier's route up the St. Lawrence River.
D) Sailed along the Carolina coast, looking for Spanish outposts.

Question 25

How did the French learn to survive in New France?

A) They adapted to Indian customs and assisted Indian friends against their enemies.
B) They copied the English, who had established New World colonies much earlier.
C) They lured Spanish colonists from New Spain who had experience in such matters.
D) They sent along a mathematician who was skilled at problem solving to show them the way.

Question 26

French traders and Huron and Algonquian hunters

A) Competed with Hudson Bay Company representatives for control of the Ohio country.
B) Created a network that made each group dependent on the other.
C) Helped French peasants adapt to their new environment.
D) Worked together harmoniously after the Indians converted to Christianity.

Question 27

The term "middle ground" refers to

A) a demilitarized zone or safe zone between two European nations' colonies.
B) an area where European and Indian cultures and people coexisted in relative peace.
C) the locations where Indian hunters and traders brought their pelts to trade with predominantly French traders.
D) governing councils that administered European-Indian relations.

Question 28

How did the introduction of European goods contribute to the destruction of Indian cultures?

A) Indians had no immunity to European diseases.
B) They made them dependent and caused them to abandon their own crafts.
C) Those who cooperated with French traders became outcasts from Indian society.
D) They undermined their trade and family values.

Question 29

Both the Indians and the French believed that

A) Mixed marriages provided a foundation for trading and military alliances.
B) Spain, rather than England, was their most significant threat.
C) There was only one God, although they called him by different names.
D) When dealing with each other, no leniency could be shown in battle.

Question 30

How did the French react to the Dutch and English establishing colonies and making alliances with the Iroquois?

A) They asked the pope to force the Dutch to abandon New York.
B) They increased their activity in the Hudson Bay area.
C) They tried to turn the Dutch against the English by selling them furs.
D) They worked to maintain the loyalty of Huron and Algonquian allies.

Question 31

The French population in North America

A) Clung fiercely to European ways and had great difficulty accepting the reality of living in the New World.
B) Decreased as a result of constant war between France and England.
C) Remained remarkably steady.
D) Showed a significant increase between 1650 and 1714.

Question 32

The huge European demand for beaver pelts

A) Caused the price of fur products to decrease.
B) Forced a change in men's hat styles.
C) Guaranteed income to Indian trappers.
D) Led Indians to kill more beaver than could be replaced by natural reproduction.

Question 33

The Huron and Algonquian were

A) Allies with one another and the French.
B) Competitors for French trade goods.
C) Allied with the British and Dutch for diplomatic "presents."
D) The sole source of Indian women who became French traders' wives.

Question 34

Under the theory of mercantilism, one nation's gain was

A) Another nation's loss.
B) Measured in the welfare of its citizens.
C) Tied to the welfare of other nations.
D) Sure to grow in the absence of government.

Question 35

In the mercantile system, colonies were useful to European countries because they

A) Absorbed products of other countries.
B) Could be counted on for manpower in case of war.
C) Had significant amounts of gold available in case of need.
D) Provided raw materials and markets for manufactured goods.

Question 36

What group dominated the government and economy of the Netherlands after 1648?

A) Clergy.
B) Military leaders.
C) Prosperous merchants.
D) Women.

Question 37

A spirit of tolerance enabled the Dutch to

A) Allow Protestants and Catholics to worship together.
B) Avoid wars with other European nations.
C) Concentrate on developing the diamond trade.
D) Put aside religious conflict and concentrate on trade.

Question 38

When Henry Hudson's voyage gave the Dutch a claim to the Hudson River area in 1609, what was he actually seeking?

A) Beaver pelts.
B) Fresh fruit for crewmen suffering with scurvy.
C) Haven from a fierce hurricane.
D) Passage to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 39

The Dutch West Indies Company thought the primary value of the New Netherlands was to

A) Absorb surplus products not consumed in Holland.
B) Keep English colonists in New England and the Chesapeake region separated.
C) Prevent Spain from expanding northward from Florida.
D) Provide food for its more profitable colonies in Brazil and the Caribbean.

Question 40

The Dutch Reformed Church

A) Did not oppose slavery.
B) Preferred to enslave Africans rather than Indians.
C) Vigorously opposed the introduction of slavery in the New Netherlands.
D) Waited for word from the pope regarding the institution of slavery.

Question 41

What was the attitude of the leaders of Dutch colonialism with regard to Indian territory?

A) Indians should be happy to share the land because North America was so much larger than Europe.
B) Land in the New World belonged to the first European nation that claimed it.
C) Land must be purchased from Indians before it could be settled.
D) The Europeans had a Christian duty to bring the Gospel to foreign lands.

Question 42

For the Dutch, toleration, cultural diversity, amicable relations with Indians, and slavery all served what end?

A) Advancing brotherhood.
B) Helping Indians and Africans live a more fulfilled life.
C) Profiting through trade.
D) Realizing their goal of developing Europe's strongest navy.

Question 43

During 40 years under Dutch control, the most profitable product of the New Netherlands was

A) Cotton.
B) Fur.
C) Rum.
D) Sugar.

Question 44

The Indians who lived in the New Netherlands used ____________ as a medium of exchange.

A) Beads made from clamshells.
B) Coins made from wood.
C) Crude gold coins made from ore found in the area.
D) Tobacco measured into different amounts.

Question 45

The Beaver Wars erupted when

A) Algonquians violated sacred ground claimed by Powhatans.
B) Demand for fur in Europe increased.
C) Fur pelt yield dwindled because of overtrapping.
D) The Hurons cut off trade between the Iroquois and the French.

Question 46

A major result of the Beaver Wars was that

A) France increased its influence in North America.
B) Fur prices rose even higher.
C) Holland lost control of the New Netherlands to England.
D) Indians were never able to replace population loss resulting from warfare.

Question 47

The Dutch West India Company decided that the main purpose of its New Netherland colony was

A) Feeding colonies in Brazil and the Caribbean.
B) Cultivating tobacco.
C) Exploit the fur trade.
D) Prevent English settlements.

Question 48

Portugal, Spain, France, and England

A) Agreed to divide the New World equally.
B) Believed that they conquered for God and country.
C) Opposed the colonization attempts of Italy and Germany.
D) Shared the belief that only the Catholic Church was holy.

Question 49

Why did Henry VIII make Protestantism the official religion of England?

A) Catholic Church taxes were too high.
B) He did not want to subsidize Spanish colonization.
C) The pope would not dissolve his sonless marriage with Catherine of Aragon.
D) He wanted to seize Catholic property to pay for expeditions to the Americas.

Question 50

Queen Elizabeth I was

A) A gambler willing to make significant investments in North America.
B) Displeased with the introduction of slavery into the English colonies.
C) More concerned with her colonies in the South than with those in New England.
D) Unwilling to risk her treasure on North American adventures.

Question 51

The Hakluyt cousins argued that developing North American colonies would enable England to

A) Dominate the world gold market.
B) Free itself of economic dependency on other nations.
C) Move ahead of Portugal in the slave trade.
D) Resolve its problem with Ireland.

Question 52

England's first activity in the New World was to

A) Disrupt French efforts to gain a monopoly in the fur trade.
B) Enslave Indians.
C) Provide religious liberty for all colonists.
D) Steal wealth from Spain.

Question 53

Why did England conquer Ireland between 1565 and 1576?

A) Irish Catholics refused to submit to the Anglican Church.
B) Ireland, the English suspected, had rich gold deposits.
C) The Irish were allied with the Dutch, raiding English ships.
D) Irish noblemen refused to submit to the English monarchy.

Question 54

Sir Francis Drake is best known as a

A) Founder of the first English colony at Jamestown.
B) Leader of the Church of England during its separation from Rome.
C) Privateer who helped defeat the Spanish Armada.
D) Religious leader who opposed the introduction of slaves in the New World on moral grounds.

Question 55

The _________ was a business form in England that encouraged the English to invest in founding colonies.

A) Brokerage.
B) Joint-stock company.
C) Partnership.
D) Venture capital firm.

Question 56

The British model for controlling its North American colonies grew out of its experiences in

A) Ireland.
B) Jersey.
C) Scotland.
D) Wales.

Question 57

The English experiences in Ireland

A) Were learned from the Spanish.
B) Became a model of how the English would treat many Native Americans.
C) Proved that good relations with Native peoples was good for business.
D) Robbed the English of their appetite for imperial adventures for almost a century.

Question 58

_________ was a Roanoke Indian who was captured and brought to England.

A) Cochise
B) Manteo
C) Pocahontas
D) Powhatan

Question 59

Choose the correct order in which European nations embraced global colonization:

A) Portugal-Spain-France-England.
B) Spain-Portugal-England-the Netherlands.
C) The Netherlands-Portugal-France-England.
D) France-Portugal-Spain-England.

Question 60

The first English colony at Roanoke was

A) Abandoned by its founders following disagreement over religious issues.
B) Abandoned by the British because it served no useful economic or military purpose.
C) Crushed by a powerful Indian alliance.
D) Deserted when colonists mutinied against their governor.

Question 61

Discuss the relationship between French settlers and Indians who lived together in New France.

Question 62

Discuss differences and similarities in the colonial policies of France, the Netherlands, and England.

Question 63

Explain why England was the last European power to attempt colonization of the Americas.

Question 64

Discuss the development of the fur trade and its role in relations between Indians and Europeans.