Deck 19: A United Body of Action, 1900-1916

Question 1

Writers who sought to expose society's ills were called __________.

Answer 1

Muckrakers

Question 2

What did progressives think about socialists?

Answer 2

They worried that Americans would gravitate toward the radicalism of the Socialist Party.

Question 3

The well-known settlement house run by Jane Addams was called

Answer 3

Hull House.

Question 4

The progressives relied on __________ for direction.

Question 5

Ida B. Wells-Barnett exposed __________.

Question 6

President Roosevelt's actions have caused historians to write that he __________ the presidency.

Question 7

Theodore Roosevelt walked softly in foreign policy but ___________.

Question 8

President Roosevelt claimed that he __________ while Congress talked.

Question 9

President Taft used __________ as an aspect of the Roosevelt Corollary.

Question 10

What was the most important factor in Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential election?

Question 11

All of the following statements refer to Helen Keller except

A) She was the director of Chicago's Hull House.
B) She was born deaf and blind.
C) She was a radical.
D) She fought for the rights of the disabled.

Question 12

Helen Keller

A) Worked within the traditional political party structure for social change.
B) Broke with other progressives over her radicalism.
C) Believed in small social gains achieved over a long period of time.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

Progressivism was

A) Part of the traditional party political process.
B) An alternative option for social change to the more radical forms, such as socialism.
C) A radical solution to radical problems.
D) An example of offering the same old solutions to new problems.

Question 14

Unlike their predecessors, progressives were comfortable with

A) An integrated workforce.
B) Not only a racially integrated workforce but also one that included men and women.
C) The abandonment of capitalism.
D) Expanding government power to implement change.

Question 15

Urban living in the United States in the late nineteenth century could be

A) Anonymous and impersonal.
B) A different experience for many Americans from their rural roots.
C) Dangerous.
D) All of the above.

Question 16

What infuriated the rising middle class of Victorian streetcar suburbs?

A) The excessive confidence of professionals.
B) The arrogance of experts.
C) The divisions of black and white.
D) The irresponsibility of corporations.

Question 17

The "New Women" of the progressive era symbolized

A) The growing strength and influence of American women in social and political change.
B) A new consumer population untouched by American manufacturing.
C) A reaction to the feminists in the progressive movement.
D) The possibilities for remaking the American family.

Question 18

The National American Woman Suffrage Association was

A) A coalition of women's suffrage groups.
B) Led by Carrie Chapman Catt and Anna Howard Shaw.
C) Initially successful in getting states to grant the right to vote to women.
D) All of the above.

Question 19

All of the following statements except for which one refer to the Socialist Party between 1900 and about 1914?

A) It offered a more radical and quicker option for social change.
B) It caused many less radical Americans to seek social change within the progressive movement.
C) It was financed by the Communist Party in the United States.
D) It was a growing political party.

Question 20

The ministers of the "Social Gospel" advocated which of the following?

A) The division of Americans into a working class and a managerial class.
B) The creation of new social institutions to deal with capitalist waste.
C) A belief that corporate capitalism was organized sin.
D) The creation of a universal labor union made up of workers of the world who could demand social change.

Question 21

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the progressives of the turn of the century?

A) Progressive reformers were a unified group with a common agenda of reform.
B) Most progressives were politically conservative.
C) Progressivism was a widespread, many-sided reform effort.
D) Most progressives were politically liberal.

Question 22

The rise of progressive era reforms coincided with

A) The rise of political corruption.
B) The transformation of political campaigns.
C) An increase in black Southern voter participation.
D) A declining interest in women's suffrage.

Question 23

Progressives who believed that science and God were on their side believed that

A) The basic structure of the American government was beyond change.
B) Their solutions were divinely inspired.
C) Their solutions should be forced on Americans.
D) Charles Darwin was accurate in his portrayal of the human condition.

Question 24

Jane Addams was one of the founders of

A) Hull House.
B) The Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
C) League of Women Voters.
D) Chicago Women against Vice.

Question 25

Who first coined the term "muckraker" to describe progressive era investigative journalists?

A) Theodore Roosevelt.
B) Woodrow Wilson.
C) Andrew Carnegie.
D) John Rockefeller.

Question 26

In which of the following areas did progressive era reformers not try to introduce changes?

A) School lunches.
B) Spelling and grammar.
C) Police work.
D) Health care for sharecroppers.

Question 27

Ida B. Wells-Barnett used which of the following tactics to expose the horrors of lynchings?

A) Interviews with victims of lynchings.
B) Photography.
C) Research, exposure in the popular press, and organization of investigators across the nation.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

What set W. E. B. DuBois apart from the majority of progressives of his time?

A) He wanted to address the costs of racism in American society.
B) He came from humble beginnings in the Mississippi Delta.
C) He was highly educated.
D) He connected with the nation's wealthy elite as easily as with the poorest of farmers.

Question 29

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) won its first court battle in 1915 against the

A) White-only Democratic primary elections in the South.
B) Segregation of universities.
C) Refusal of hotels and restaurants to serve black patrons.
D) Grandfather clause, which denied the right to vote to the descendants of slaves.

Question 30

An example of the progressives' ambivalent attitude toward democracy is their belief that

A) The federal, state, and local governments were obligated to finance social change.
B) City governments needed to be more businesslike and less democratic.
C) American business should divide its profits equally among its workers.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

The revolution in the organization of city governments was led by

A) Secretaries and clerks.
B) Middle- and upper-class reformers.
C) Muckrakers.
D) Midlevel bureaucrats who had the most to gain from city reorganization.

Question 32

The "city beautiful" movement sought to

A) Make garbage pickup a regular city service.
B) Soften or improve the city landscape with open spaces and parks.
C) Enforce regulations and ordinances against horses within city limits.
D) All of the above.

Question 33

Progressives can be characterized as

A) Educated.
B) Professional.
C) Men and women.
D) All of the above.

Question 34

Which of the following now-ordinary provisions was or were introduced by the progressives?

A) Publicized voter lists.
B) Alphabetical listing of candidates on the ballot.
C) Secret ballots and voter registration.
D) None of the above.

Question 35

Why did progressives favor the direct primary?

A) It gave parties the opportunities to extend the campaign cycle.
B) It let voters determine the candidates rather than caucuses.
C) It allowed women and minorities to vote on party candidates as well.
D) It was more cost-efficient than the caucus.

Question 36

Why did Theodore Roosevelt feel an obligation to enter politics as early as the mid-1880s?

A) His family had a long tradition of seeking public office.
B) His cousin had served in the Lincoln administration and he hoped to reach similar levels of public office.
C) He did not want to leave public office to the depraved and mediocre people that typically stood for election.
D) He saw a unique opportunity to gain a personal advantage in his future business career.

Question 37

The restoration of American democracy, Roosevelt believed, required

A) Constitutional reform.
B) A moral awakening.
C) A return to states' rights.
D) A suspension of civil rights.

Question 38

Theodore Roosevelt was a different kind of president. He

A) Drafted legislation and sent it to Congress instead of waiting for Congress to act.
B) Advocated the use of power to protect citizens.
C) Believed federal administrators should intervene in the economy.
D) All of the above.

Question 39

In 1903, President Roosevelt created the Department of Commerce and Labor to

A) Implement interstate commerce laws.
B) Regulate the relationship between corporations and labor unions.
C) Make corporate activities transparent, or public knowledge.
D) Equitably divide profits between owners and workers.

Question 40

Where business was concerned, the Square Deal included

A) The provision that workers receive a cost-of-living increase every quarter.
B) The provision that workers concede certain demands, such as the eight-hour workday and compulsory overtime pay.
C) An acknowledgment that business had historically exploited its workers.
D) An attitude of mutual respect and recognition between employees and employers who would attempt to deal with one another in a fair manner.

Question 41

The United Mine Workers' 1902 coal strike resulted in

A) The use of federal troops, as was so common in earlier strikes, to put down the strikers.
B) The federal government siding with corporate owners of the mines.
C) The deaths of several hundred strikers and troops.
D) The use of federal arbitration to resolve the strike.

Question 42

President Roosevelt helped create the modern environmental movement by

A) Increasing the number of acres of land in the Federal Reserve.
B) Professionalizing the forest service.
C) Using the power of the presidency to build support of Americans for conservation policies.
D) All of the above.

Question 43

All of the following refer to policies of Gifford Pinchot, the chief forester of the United States in the Roosevelt administration, except

A) Preserving nature for its pristine beauty.
B) Using natural resources more efficiently.
C) The reclamation of 3 million acres of western lands from desert to farm usage.
D) Building a reservoir in Yosemite National Park to supply water to San Francisco.

Question 44

According to Theodore Roosevelt, what united civilized nations?

A) Good music.
B) Good food.
C) Military alliances and fixed exchange rates.
D) Global trade and communications.

Question 45

On what grounds could the United States seize territory, according to Theodore Roosevelt?

A) If it was in the world's interest.
B) If it was easy.
C) If it was profitable.
D) If it did not victimize white people.

Question 46

What was the basic controversy in the Hetch Hetchy Valley debate?

A) The Hetch Hetchy Valley was located in Yosemite National Park.
B) Water in the valley was needed for use in San Francisco's municipal water system.
C) The controversy pitted naturalists against the needs of urban populations.
D) All of the above.

Question 47

John Muir was

A) The founder of the Sierra Club.
B) A homeless vagabond who lived in Hetch Hetchy Valley.
C) An artist who popularized images of Yosemite Valley.
D) All of the above.

Question 48

Which of the following statements does not refer to the construction of the Panama Canal?

A) Colombia refused to permit canal construction across its territory.
B) The United States recognized the independence of Panama after a revolution broke out on the isthmus against Colombia.
C) American warships were sent to Panama to assist the revolutionists.
D) Canal construction cost $1 billion dollars and the loss of 10,000 lives.

Question 49

The United States intervened in the civil war in

A) Panama.
B) Colombia.
C) Nicaragua.
D) Dominican Republic.

Question 50

The "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine came about because

A) Germany was planning to buy access to the canal.
B) European nations planned to build military bases along the canal.
C) Germany was planning to invade Panama and take control of the canal.
D) The United States did not want European nations exerting their influence over Latin American nations or officials.

Question 51

The "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine said that

A) If there was chronic wrongdoing or the potential for revolution in a Latin American nation and intervention was necessary to protect the status quo and/or American interests, the United States would do the intervening.
B) European nations had no business intervening in Latin American politics.
C) If any nation intervened in Latin American politics, it would have to deal with the United States.
D) All of the above.

Question 52

President William Howard Taft's administration was characterized by all of the following except

A) The expectation that "dollar diplomacy" would replace force in international affairs.
B) The signing of the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, which angered more people than it pleased.
C) The dismissal of Richard Ballinger as the secretary of the interior in a dispute over conservation.
D) Support for a railroad in China that seemed to undermine the Open Door policy.

Question 53

In the election of 1908 William Howard Taft defeated

A) Woodrow Wilson.
B) Theodore Roosevelt.
C) William Jennings Bryan.
D) Gifford Pinchot.

Question 54

President Taft's "dollar diplomacy"

A) Was designed to enforce the collection of tariffs in Haiti.
B) Was designed to replace military force with economic leverage to implement foreign policies in Latin America.
C) Was another aspect of the Roosevelt Corollary.
D) Was another aspect of the hugely successful Open Door policy.

Question 55

Roosevelt's "New Nationalism"

A) Called for the protection of the individual against privilege.
B) Called for a renewed American commitment to protect Latin American nations from European influence.
C) Was a restatement of the Roosevelt Corollary.
D) Rewrote the constitutional powers of the president.

Question 56

Roosevelt's Progressive Party platform included which of the following?

A) Endorsement of the "New Nationalism."
B) The popular election of senators.
C) Popular review of judicial decisions.
D) All of the above.

Question 57

President Wilson's "New Freedom" policies included

A) Lower tariffs.
B) Increased competition.
C) Vigorous antitrust enforcement.
D) All of the above.

Question 58

Which of the following acts of Congress did not implement President Wilson's "New Freedom"?

A) The Underwood-Simmons Tariff.
B) The Tariff Commission.
C) The Federal Reserve Act.
D) The Federal Trade Commission.

Question 59

Progressive presidents, like progressive Americans, wanted

A) To remake the system even if it meant destroying the system.
B) Orderly, managed change.
C) Power to rest with the people because they knew what was best.
D) All of the above.

Question 60

In what ways did President Roosevelt change the American presidency?

Question 61

What did the progressives do to improve Americans' lives?

Question 62

Describe the motivations of the progressives.

Question 63

In what ways do progressives of the early twentieth century clash with our contemporary notions of progress?