Deck 14: A War for Union and Emancipation, 1861-1865

Question 1

How did Sherman feel about Southerners?

Answer 1

He had open sympathy for them, and the destruction he brought to the South paled in comparison to his campaigns against Native Americans in the West.

Question 2

How many volunteers did President Lincoln call for to put down the rebellion in South Carolina in 1861?

Answer 2

75,000.

Question 3

What legislation permitted seizure of property, including slaves, used in rebellion?

Answer 3

Confiscation Act.

Question 4

Why did Congress pass the Confiscation Act?

Question 5

Who was the extreme states' rights governor of North Carolina during the Civil War?

Question 6

The Union victory at Antietam permitted President Abraham Lincoln to take what action?

Question 7

What Union commander was defeated in the Battle of Fredericksburg?

Question 8

What term identifies northerners who attempted to obstruct the Union military effort?

Question 9

General George Gordon Meade defeated Confederates led by General Robert E. Lee in what significant battle in July 1863?

Question 10

General U.S. Grant engaged the army of Northern Virginia in what series of battles in 1864?

Question 11

What did New England teacher Laura M. Towne observe about freed African Americans in her South Carolina classroom?

A) They were eager to learn.
B) Their spirits were dull and their curiosity was extinguished.
C) They seethed with anger toward her because she was white.
D) They understood discipline and obedience, but not learning.

Question 12

What liberty did Southerners try to protect with their secession?

A) The liberty to adhere to state's rights above all else.
B) The liberty to maintain local customs and traditions.
C) The liberty to defy the principles of capitalism.
D) The liberty to own, buy, sell, and transport slaves.

Question 13

What policy regarding slavery did President Abraham Lincoln state in his inaugural address?

A) Allowing slavery in western states below the Missouri Compromise line.
B) Gradual emancipation, beginning with Upper South states.
C) Leaving slavery alone in the South.
D) Proclaiming slavery at an end in the South.

Question 14

How did the constitution of the Confederacy differ from that of the United States?

A) It only provided for one chamber in the legislature.
B) It denied its president a veto.
C) It stated specifically that whites were superior to blacks.
D) It specifically addressed the rights of white women.

Question 15

Who were the "cooperationists" during the secession crisis?

A) Advocates of remaining in the Union.
B) Members of the unsuccessful Constitutional Union Party.
C) Residents of the Upper South who agreed to remain in the Union if the Lincoln administration cooperated with remaining slave states.
D) Secessionists who coordinated their efforts with those of like mind in other states.

Question 16

What would have been the consequence of the Crittenden Compromise, if passed?

A) Congress could not have barred slavery from territories.
B) Efforts of the Lincoln administration to reform military education would have been advanced.
C) Kentucky, Senator Crittenden's home state, would have remained a slave state.
D) South Carolina would have rejoined the Union.

Question 17

Once the Lower South had seceded, Republicans concluded that

A) Any compromise amounted to northern surrender to southern blackmail.
B) No hope to preserve the Union remained.
C) Their only policy was to wait for southerners to come to their senses.
D) It was a relief to have any slave state leave the Union.

Question 18

By the spring of 1861, most Southerners had concluded that

A) No additional compromise with the North would succeed.
B) One more compromise should be attempted.
C) Threats of secession would result in more concessions from the North.
D) Although victory was unlikely, at least they must try to break free.

Question 19

Who did Confederate president Jefferson Davis send to Charleston to seize Fort Sumter and defend the harbor?

A) General Albert Sidney Johnston.
B) General Joseph E. Johnston.
C) General P. G. T. Beauregard.
D) General Robert E. Lee.

Question 20

Why did Confederates open fire on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861?

A) President Davis was hoping to get Virginia to secede.
B) Lincoln was sending military supplies to the Union installation.
C) A Union ship had broken the blockade and provided supplies to the fort.
D) President Jefferson Davis had to prove his authority.

Question 21

What was the consequence of President Lincoln's call for volunteers?

A) Draft riots erupted in New York City.
B) More than 100,000 men volunteered the first day.
C) Arkansas, Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina seceded.
D) The Wall Street stock market rose in anticipation of military spending.

Question 22

Which Confederate state experienced the greatest opposition to secession?

A) Delaware.
B) Kentucky.
C) South Carolina.
D) Virginia.

Question 23

To what does the term "contraband" refer?

A) Property belonging to a Confederate soldier.
B) Property on which taxes had not been paid.
C) Property used in rebellion against the United States.
D) Runaway slaves in Union custody.

Question 24

The first real test of Union and Confederate arms came in July 1861 at the

A) Battle of Antietam, or Sharpsburg.
B) Battle of Bull Run, or Manassas.
C) Battle of Mansfield, or Sabine Crossroads.
D) Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburgh Landing.

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the significance of General Joseph Johnston during the first Battle of Bull Run?

A) His reinforcements saved Confederate troops from defeat.
B) His poor management caused the Union's defeat.
C) His "rebel yell" became an inspiration for Southerners.
D) His strategic genius handed Confederates their first victory.

Question 26

Who commanded all Union forces when the Civil War began?

A) General George B. McClellan.
B) General U. S. Grant.
C) General Winfield Scott.
D) General Zachary Taylor.

Question 27

What was the title of the Union's plan to squeeze the Confederacy into submission?

A) Anaconda Plan.
B) Magnolia Blossom Offensive.
C) Operation Overlord.
D) Three-Way Condor Plan.

Question 28

During the Civil War,

A) Approximately 2.1 million men served in the Union army.
B) Nearly 3 million men served in the Confederate army.
C) Union and Confederate forces were approximately the same size.
D) Women were permitted to serve only in noncombat roles.

Question 29

How did President Lincoln want his generals to conduct the war?

A) By coordinating attacks so southern armies would be engaged and unable to assist each other.
B) By instilling greater discipline in their soldiers.
C) By launching an offensive that would capture Richmond.
D) By opening the Mississippi River corridor for Union shipping.

Question 30

Who was selected to serve as president of the Confederate States of America?

A) Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia, a cooperationist.
B) Edmund Ruffin of Virginia, a fire-eating secessionist.
C) Jefferson F. Davis of Mississippi, a moderate.
D) Judah Benjamin of Louisiana, an independent.

Question 31

What was the most consistent source of tension in Confederate government?

A) Antipathy toward the president and vice president.
B) Lack of success of Confederate military forces.
C) States' rights.
D) Tax-and-spend policies of the Democratic Congress.

Question 32

Who were Joseph E. Brown and Zebulon Vance?

A) Confederate cabinet members who never owned slaves.
B) Confederate diplomats seized on the high seas.
C) Confidants and advisors of the Confederate president.
D) Southern governors more interested in states' rights than Confederate victory.

Question 33

What was the most striking aspect of internal politics in the Confederacy?

A) Absence of a two-party system.
B) Fragmentation between slave owners and non-slave owners.
C) A general spirit of cooperation because "there's a war on."
D) Total commitment to victory by all southerners.

Question 34

Why was the ironclad CSS Virginia not likely to make a difference in the Confederate's campaign?

A) It could not maneuver in waters where the blockade ships waited.
B) The ship's technology was far inferior to that of the Union "monitors."
C) Union ships already had developed effective antisubmarine technology.
D) The Confederacy lacked the skilled manpower to operate the ship.

Question 35

Which of the following is not true about the Union blockade?

A) It played an important role in defeating the diplomacy of King Cotton.
B) It grew more effective every year.
C) It relied on one of the largest and most modern navies in the world at the time.
D) It failed to make an impact on blockade runners.

Question 36

Which of the following was not a Confederate advantage?

A) The Confederate navy.
B) It was defending its own territory.
C) The Confederate troops operated among a friendly civilian population.
D) Confederate soldiers had trained in military academies.

Question 37

What was the South's greatest military advantage?

A) Its defense of its own territory.
B) Greater access to the sea.
C) More and better trained soldiers.
D) More military academies located in the South.

Question 38

To win the Civil War, the North had to

A) Capture the Confederate capital.
B) Convince southern rebels to return to the Union.
C) Defeat the armies of the Confederacy.
D) Keep Southern cotton from reaching northern and European markets.

Question 39

How did England respond to the South's expectation of assistance?

A) England refused to break the Union blockade or grant diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.
B) England refused to recognize the Confederacy unless France did so as well.
C) England secretly sent aid to the Confederacy through Mexico.
D) English raiders broke the Union blockade to obtain cotton.

Question 40

What motivated most Confederate soldiers to serve in the army?

A) Defending property rights in slaves.
B) Maintaining states' rights as a principle.
C) The need for employment after the Panic of 1857.
D) Protecting their homes from Yankee invaders.

Question 41

What motivated most northern men to serve in the Union army?

A) Ending slavery once and for all.
B) The need for employment after the Panic of 1857.
C) Patriotism and preservation of the Union.
D) Ridding the nation of southern political dominance.

Question 42

What enabled Congress to pass significant legislation such as creating land-grant colleges in 1862?

A) The absence of southern Democrats from Congress.
B) The discrediting of Washington lobbyists because of wartime scandal.
C) The effectiveness of President Lincoln in dealing with Congress.
D) The preponderance of Whig representatives and senators.

Question 43

In what battle did General George McClellan's army stop General Robert E. Lee's first invasion of Maryland in 1862?

A) Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg).
B) Battle of Second Bull Run (Second Manassas).
C) Battle of Shiloh (Pittsburgh Landing).
D) Battle of Mansfield (Shenandoah Crossroads).

Question 44

The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) had what important political consequence in addition to its military significance?

A) It enabled President Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
B) It made it possible for President Lincoln to relieve General McClellan.
C) President Lincoln decided to seek a second term.
D) It resulted in a Republican landslide in congressional elections.

Question 45

Which statement about the Emancipation Proclamation is not correct?

A) Abolitionists and free blacks celebrated.
B) It eliminated slavery in the United States.
C) Americans opposed to freeing slaves were outraged.
D) The Emancipation Proclamation clarified the status of slaves who had sought refuge with Union troops.

Question 46

One result of the Emancipation Proclamation was

A) European nations no longer supported the Confederate States of America.
B) The news in Europe was all but ignored.
C) To end the war.
D) One less reason for the South to continue fighting.

Question 47

What was the immediate result of the Emancipation Proclamation?

A) It convinced many Confederates to quit fighting because slavery was ended.
B) There was an immediate freeing of all slaves in America.
C) It made emancipation an official goal of the war.
D) It won President Lincoln the near-unanimous support of Congress.

Question 48

Where did the Union army build the contraband camp known as "Freedman's Village"?

A) At Arlington, Robert E. Lee's plantation in Virginia.
B) In Washington, D. C., near the White House.
C) Near New Orleans, Louisiana, shortly after the Union army captured that city in April 1862.
D) On Island No. 10 in the Mississippi River near New Madrid.

Question 49

African American soldiers constituted what percentage of the Union Army?

A) 50 percent.
B) 10 percent.
C) 25 percent.
D) 1 percent.

Question 50

Medical practices during the Civil War were

A) Efficient and effective.
B) Primitive.
C) Getting worse over the course of the war.
D) Hampered because the army refused to use women as nurses.

Question 51

The New York City Draft Riots in the summer of 1863

A) Targeted African Americans.
B) Targeted well-dressed men and the property of Republicans.
C) Burned the Colored Orphan Asylum.
D) Each statement is accurate.

Question 52

The result of General Grant's victory at Vicksburg, Mississippi, was that

A) Vicksburg was cut off from Confederate supply lines.
B) Vicksburg surrendered.
C) Grant's military abilities were recognized by President Lincoln.
D) Each statement is correct.

Question 53

At Gettysburg Battlefield, President Lincoln said that the Civil War had become

A) A test of democracy and the principle of human equality.
B) Symbolic of the Union's victory.
C) The end of antiwar sentiment in the Union.
D) Proof that the Emancipation Proclamation was the right thing to do.

Question 54

Draft resistance in the Confederacy

A) Went beyond anything the Union had experienced.
B) Was virtually unheard of.
C) Was limited to pro-Union parts of South Carolina.
D) Was overcome effectively with the recruitment of volunteers.

Question 55

What crucial difference did General Grant introduce to the Union strategy in 1864?

A) His strategy divided the South into five different military districts.
B) Unlike his predecessors, he embraced the principle of "winning hearts and minds."
C) He sought to preserve Union strength by limiting casualties.
D) He kept constant pressure on Lee's and Johnston's armies.

Question 56

General Sherman's troops liberated

A) The Shenandoah Valley.
B) Atlanta.
C) Richmond.
D) Petersburg.

Question 57

Prior to Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse,

A) Union troops captured the Confederate capitol of Richmond.
B) Sherman's troops had captured and executed Joseph F. Johnston.
C) John Wilkes Booth assassinated Abraham Lincoln.
D) Slaves all over the South rose up in violent rebellion against their masters.

Question 58

By 1870, the North was _____ percent wealthier than the south.

A) 10.
B) 25.
C) 50.
D) 75.

Question 59

Following the Civil War, the power of the slaveholder class was

A) Virtually unchanged by the war.
B) Changed, but only in an economic sense.
C) Destroyed.
D) The slaveholder class was replaced by freed African American men.

Question 60

How many men are estimated to have died in the Civil War?

A) 500,000.
B) 550,000.
C) 650,000.
D) 750,000.

Question 61

Explain the strengths and weaknesses of North and South on the eve of the Civil War.

Question 62

Discuss the events and circumstances that led to emancipation becoming the second great commitment of the Civil War.

Question 63

What impact did General Ulysses S. Grant have on the outcome of the Civil War?

Question 64

Discuss the consequences of General William T. Sherman's concept of "total war."