Deck 10: Jacksonian Democracy, 1820-1840

Question 1

How did the Land Act of 1820 change western development?

Answer 1

Lower acre prices for smaller minimum lots let less prosperous buyers in, but the law also increased their reliance on local banks.

Question 2

What role did the Second National Bank play in precipitating the Panic of 1819?

Answer 2

It required loan repayment in specie, not state bank notes.

Question 3

How did the Antimason Party select its presidential candidate?

Answer 3

Nominating convention.

Question 4

Who advised President James Monroe to reject England's offer of a joint proclamation regarding authority in the Western Hemisphere?

Question 5

What did Jackson's supporters call Henry Clay's support of John Quincy Adams in the presidential election and Adams's subsequent appointment of Clay as secretary of state?

Question 6

Who led the Sauk and Fox Indians in Illinois in an effort to reclaim their burial grounds?

Question 7

How did the Cherokee protest removal?

Question 8

What role did Nicholas Biddle play in the "bank war"?

Question 9

How did South Carolina's leaders refer to the Tariff of 1828?

Question 10

Who led a slave uprising in Virginia in 1831?

Question 11

How did John Ross experience the limits of American democracy?

A) He was murdered for his beliefs.
B) The Cherokee were forcibly removed from their land even after favorable Supreme Court rulings.
C) He was never paid restitution.
D) None of the above.

Question 12

James Madison changed his mind about what when he became president?

A) England's violations of America's neutral rights.
B) The indebtedness of states.
C) A state's right to interpose its authority over federal encroachment.
D) The usefulness of a national bank.

Question 13

President James Monroe

A) Favored nationalism although he was a Democratic-Republican.
B) Did not think the federal government should fund internal improvements.
C) Thought all treaties with Indians should be honored.
D) Was the last Virginian to serve as president.

Question 14

A group of leaders who accepted the concept that a strong national government was a protection against localism and fragmentation were known as

A) Antimasons.
B) Blue Dog Democrats.
C) National Republicans.
D) Whigs.

Question 15

Slaves had many different assignments in America, but what made all of them "slaves"?

A) Having as much as 1/64 African genetic composition.
B) Being defined, treated, and defended as property.
C) A legal distinction established by Congress.
D) Pigments in the skin.

Question 16

Under President Monroe and the National Republicans the only item on their legislative agenda that did not fare well was

A) Increase in the national tariff.
B) Recharter of the national bank.
C) Transportation subsidies.
D) Stabilization of the currency.

Question 17

Why did slave codes assign slaves status as personal property rather than real property?

A) Lawyers skilled in property law advised it for tax purposes.
B) Personal property management was more flexible.
C) Slavery was new, and a new legal system was necessary to govern it.
D) Slaves were animated, and real property was not moveable.

Question 18

The Transcontinental Treaty of 1819

A) Defined the United States as a nation that spanned the continent.
B) Gave England unquestioned authority in the North Atlantic.
C) Outlawed the international slave trade.
D) Set the border between Mexico and Texas at the Rio Grande.

Question 19

What was proclaimed in the Monroe Doctrine?

A) All nations were welcome to trade in the United States.
B) The Second National Bank had too much power.
C) The Supreme Court had final authority in all questions of constitutionality.
D) The Western Hemisphere was in the sphere of influence of the United States.

Question 20

The Monroe Doctrine mostly reflects the thinking and influence of

A) Former President James Madison.
B) General Andrew Jackson.
C) Secretary of State John Quincy Adams.
D) Speaker of the House Henry Clay.

Question 21

In 1819, Missouri petitioned Congress to be admitted as a _____ state.

A) Slave.
B) Free.
C) Slave with provisions for emancipation.
D) None of the above.

Question 22

Why did Congress delay outlawing the international slave trade within the jurisdiction of the United States until 1808?

A) Antislavery forces lacked a majority of Congress until 1808.
B) Defenders of slavery in Congress blocked such action until then.
C) International slave trading was confined to South America and the Caribbean until after 1800.
D) The Constitution forbade such a law until 20 years after its ratification.

Question 23

What invention enabled an economic boom in the South and created a demand for new land in the West?

A) Cyrus McCormick's reaper.
B) Eli Whitney's cotton gin.
C) John Deere's prairie-breaker steel plow.
D) Pierre Manigault's tide-flow apparatus.

Question 24

Although Andrew Jackson received the most electoral votes in the general election, in the end John Quincy Adams was named president with the support of Henry Clay. How did Jackson's supporters characterize this outcome?

A) "An entangling alliance."
B) "Corrupt bargain."
C) "End of democracy."
D) "Splendid misery."

Question 25

Who did President John Quincy Adams appoint as secretary of state?

A) Henry Clay.
B) Martin Van Buren.
C) William Crawford.
D) William Henry Seward.

Question 26

Although President John Quincy Adams was a wise man, his presidency is characterized by all of the following except

A) His wife's poor health, which kept him from focusing on the nation's problems.
B) The shadow cast by his election in 1824.
C) His unpopular support for banking and mercantile interests.
D) Jackson supporters who worked to discredit his work.

Question 27

How did the Land Act of 1820 change regulations regarding western settlement?

A) It granted heads of households 80 acres for each family member.
B) It limited purchases to 160 acres.
C) It lowered the price per acre but ended credit purchases.
D) It prohibited slavery in the mid-Mississippi Valley.

Question 28

Ending participation in the international slave trade by the United States had what effect?

A) A flourishing domestic slave trade arose.
B) Businesses that used slave labor moved offshore.
C) Slave traders went on with their business because of demand and lax enforcement of the law against it.
D) The number of slaves in America declined as those already present died out.

Question 29

To what does the practice of "squatting" refer?

A) Issuing fraudulent land claims.
B) Occupying public land without purchasing it.
C) Sneaking onto land prior to an authorized land rush.
D) Staking a claim to a prospective gold or silver mine.

Question 30

Although the United States was still rural in 1820,

A) Cities in the South grew faster than cities in the North.
B) Farmers wanted to become less dependent on cities.
C) Nonfarm labor was becoming more common.
D) Professionals such as doctors and lawyers rarely practiced in cities.

Question 31

At the founding of the nation, suffrage was restricted by gender, race, and

A) Military status.
B) Occupational entitlements.
C) Property ownership.
D) Religious restrictions.

Question 32

How had a majority of Americans come to regarding voting by the 1820s?

A) As an emblem of liberty, but only for whites.
B) That everyone should vote regardless of race.
C) That federal voting officials should monitor elections to ensure fairness.
D) That only those with education and property should vote.

Question 33

Even as suffrage was extended to all white males,

A) It was withdrawn from free African Americans, even where permitted previously.
B) Poll tax rates were increased.
C) Property requirements were expanded.
D) Religious restrictions kept women without the vote.

Question 34

How had many Americans come to regard the Order of the Freemasons in the 1820s?

A) As a dangerous and antidemocratic institution.
B) As an improvement over the Society of Cincinnati.
C) As an ordinary labor union.
D) As a group of aristocrats unwilling to share wealth or power.

Question 35

Despite the festive air of slave markets, what evidence was there that participants were aware of the sordidness of the activities?

A) The absence of white females.
B) The fact that no records were kept so there was no evidence of the activity.
C) The presence of criminals and other undesirables.
D) Sales that were conducted at night.

Question 36

What nickname reflected the character and reputation of Andrew Jackson?

A) Old Faithful.
B) Old Fuss and Feathers.
C) Old Hickory.
D) Old Rough and Ready.

Question 37

What was Andrew Jackson's attitude on the protective tariff in the 1820s?

A) He was adamantly opposed.
B) He favored some level of protectionism.
C) He preferred an increase in the price of public land instead.
D) He thought it a matter for each state to decide for itself.

Question 38

What turned out to be an issue in the presidential campaign in 1828?

A) A scandal involving contractors when Jackson commanded the invasion of Florida.
B) Adams's alleged affair with the wife of the French ambassador.
C) Fear that Bibles would be confiscated if Jackson won.
D) Whether Rachel Robards had been legally divorced when she and Jackson married.

Question 39

Why did Andrew Jackson appeal to the growing majority of democratic Americans in the election in 1828?

A) His plans for expansion of the national economy.
B) His position on slavery and Indian removal.
C) His stance as an outsider and victim of eastern elites.
D) His views on states' rights.

Question 40

In terms of his views on federal authority versus states' rights, Jackson

A) Was always a states' righter on domestic issues but a strong nationalist in foreign affairs.
B) Believed that the federal government should always prevail in the event of conflict between the two.
C) Changed his mind frequently, depending on the most recent argument he heard.
D) Was a nationalist on some issues and a states' rights advocate on others.

Question 41

What was Andrew Jackson's primary reason for appointments to federal offices?

A) Amount of money contributed in the last election.
B) Competence to perform the tasks involved.
C) How long candidates had supported the Democratic Party.
D) Personal loyalty to him.

Question 42

As president, Andrew Jackson believed

A) As did George Washington, that his office reacted to Congress rather than led it.
B) That cabinet members should exercise independent judgment.
C) That Congress had the last word on fiscal affairs.
D) That he spoke for the nation on all matters.

Question 43

To Andrew Jackson's way of thinking, who was the quintessential "common man" in American politics?

A) Learned citizens who provided guidance for the majority.
B) Wealthy merchants and bankers who kept the economy sound.
C) Western settlers struggling to bring new land under cultivation.
D) Urban workers who created products of prosperity for all Americans.

Question 44

What political activity of officers of the Second National Bank offended President Jackson?

A) Rumors that it had purchased votes for John Quincy Adams in the election of 1824.
B) Refusal to pay the bank's taxes to the State of Maryland.
C) Support of nullification.
D) Tying up his Indian removal legislation in a Senate committee.

Question 45

What was President Jackson's response to the bill that extended the charter of the Second National Bank?

A) Jackson allowed the bill to become law without his signature.
B) Jackson asked Congress to delay passage until after the election in 1832.
C) Jackson vetoed the bill.
D) He signed the bill reluctantly because he did not like the bank's president.

Question 46

What was the major factor in formulating Andrew Jackson's attitude toward Indians?

A) His mother's death in an Indian raid.
B) Participation in fights with Indians in the 1790s.
C) Rampaging Seminoles in 1818.
D) The capture of his wife, Rachel, and their children by Cherokee warriors.

Question 47

What percentage of slaves lived in plantations with 10 or more slaves?

A) Half.
B) One-quarter.
C) Three-quarters.
D) Two-thirds.

Question 48

To exert authority over land occupied by the Cherokee nation, Georgia's legislature

A) Invalidated the Cherokee constitution and proclaimed the Indians subject to the authority of the state.
B) Sent the state militia to the reservation to arrest Cherokee leaders.
C) Sold Indian Territory to speculators.
D) Stripped the Indians of their state citizenship.

Question 49

When Cherokee leaders appealed to President Jackson for help, he

A) Invited Indian leaders to the White House for a conference.
B) Said it was his duty to support the state in the exercise of its rights.
C) Sent U.S. Army troops to stop state officials from seizing Indian land.
D) Personally led a delegation to Georgia to arbitrate the dispute.

Question 50

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Worcester v. Georgia?

A) The Court decided not to make a judgment because Indians were a foreign nation and not subject to American law.
B) Georgia had erred because the federal government had jurisdiction in Indian affairs.
C) The Cherokees must comply with Georgia law.
D) The governor of Georgia must apologize to Chief Sequoyah.

Question 51

What was President Andrew Jackson's reaction to the ruling?

A) He asked Congress for authority to enforce the law through the Force Bill.
B) He asked his protégé Sam Houston to persuade Cherokee leaders to comply with the court order.
C) He praised Chief Justice John Marshall for finding a solution to the problem acceptable to both sides.
D) He refused to enforce it.

Question 52

What provides evidence that sugar plantations required the greatest restocking of slaves?

A) Slaves could run away from sugar plantations and escape by sea.
B) Sugar cultivation was more dangerous than most slave labor assignments.
C) The death toll from yellow fever was more severe in the bayou areas where sugar was grown.
D) The South's largest slave market was in New Orleans.

Question 53

Slave rice cultivators commonly worked by the __________, which involved a specific assignment for a day's work.

A) Buddy system.
B) Gang system.
C) Task system.
D) Unity system.

Question 54

The Trail of Tears refers to

A) Economic hardship caused by Jackson's bank war.
B) Removal of the Cherokees from Georgia to Indian Territory.
C) The plight of South Carolina in the wake of nullification.
D) Unsuccessful efforts of labor unions.

Question 55

Which Indian group opposed its removal to Indian Territory longest?

A) Cherokees.
B) Choctaws.
C) Creeks.
D) Seminoles.

Question 56

To perpetuate Cherokee culture, Sequoyah

A) Developed the Cherokee syllabary, or symbols of written language.
B) Established a university for Indian students.
C) Filed a case in federal court to block removal.
D) Persuaded President Andrew Jackson to leave a remnant of the tribe on its reservation in Georgia.

Question 57

To reduce the power of the Second National Bank before its charter expired, President Jackson

A) Called in all the government's loans to the bank.
B) Deposited all federal revenue in state or "pet banks."
C) Fired its president and appointed Roger Brooke Taney as his successor.
D) Had the army take over the bank's operations.

Question 58

South Carolinians call the Tariff of 1828 the "tariff of abominations" because

A) It drove the price of European goods beyond their ability to pay.
B) It reminded them of Parliament's taxation policy that produced the American Revolution.
C) It was passed by Congress without their approval.
D) The law exempted products produced in New England from taxation.

Question 59

According to John C. Calhoun, how could South Carolinians be exempted from paying the tariff?

A) A state legislature could nullify a federal law it considered unconstitutional.
B) They could be exempted by the approval of the president.
C) Congress could approve a special exemption for the state.
D) The governor could impose his authority over federal tax collectors.

Question 60

What was President Jackson's response to nullification?

A) He denounced nullification but thought he lacked the power to interfere within a state.
B) He fired his secretary of state and replaced him with a more compliant officer who would follow orders.
C) He led an armed expedition into South Carolina as he had to Florida in 1818.
D) He requested Congress to pass the Force Bill supporting his effort to enforce federal law.

Question 61

How did suffrage expand in the United States during the 1820s and 1830s.?

Question 62

How did American political parties change in the first third of the nineteenth century?

Question 63

Why was President Andrew Jackson so determined to eliminate the Second National Bank?

Question 64

What arguments did John C. Calhoun advance for a state's authority to nullify a federal law?