Deck 2: Crime Control Versus Due Process

Question 1

In 1968, Herbert L. Packer wrote __________, which helped to define the justice process in America for the next 40-plus years.

A) The Outer Limits
B) The Limits of Criminal Sanctions
C) Limiting Freedoms and Rights
D) The Litmus Test of Justice

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following elements does not belong in a discussion of the Crime Control Model?

A) Crime suppression
B) Assembly line justice
C) Legal guilt
D) All of the above (All are part of the Crime Control Model of justice.)

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The crime control model has had the following impacts on the juvenile justice system (select all correct responses).

A) Juvenile court hearings have become more informal
B) It is easier to transfer juveniles to be tried in adult courts
C) There has been an increased emphasis placed on rehabilitation
D) Juvenile sentencing codes have become more indeterminate
E) The age to try juveniles as adults has been lowered

Answer 3

C , D

Question 4

What are the three principal components of the courtroom work group?

A) Police, courts and defense attorneys
B) Police, courts and corrections
C) Police, courts and bail bondsmen
D) Judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys

Question 5

What is the significance of the following Supreme Court rulings: Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

A) They curtailed the due process rights of adult criminal defendants.
B) They expanded the due process rights of adult criminal defendants.
C) They made it possible to try juveniles as adults.
D) They limited death penalty appeals.

Question 6

Which part of the justice system dominates discussions of the Due Process model?

A) Police officers
B) Prosecutors
C) Courts
D) Corrections

Question 7

The concept of due process is found in which amendments to the U.S. Constitution?

A) Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments
B) First and Second Amendments
C) Third and Sixth Amendments
D) Tenth and Eleventh Amendments

Question 8

The president who oversaw implementation of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act and carried out this nation's first "war on crime" was

A) John F. Kennedy.
B) Lyndon B. Johnson.
C) Richard M. Nixon.
D) Ronald Reagan.

Question 9

What changes were made to state and federal sentencing policies in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) A change from indeterminate sentences to determinate sentences
B) A change from determinate sentences to indeterminate sentences
C) Elimination of mandatory sentences
D) Increase in mandatory minimum sentences

Question 10

Which agency within the federal government was charged with investigating and finding solutions for the disproportionate minority contact (DMC) problem?

A) Federal Bureau of Investigation
B) Federal Sentencing Commission
C) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
D) Office of Minority Affairs

Question 11

Packer's two models of justice, Due Process and Crime Control, describe what "is" versus "what ought to be" in American administration of justice system.

Question 12

For the Crime Control Model to work effectively, the courtroom workgroup must share an understanding of the "going rate," the proper sanction for a given crime under a certain set of circumstances.

Question 13

If an accused person is caught in the act, so-called flagrante delicto, the state need not worry about proving guilt.

Question 14

In the minds of many prosecutors, the presumption of guilt is a "prediction of outcome," meaning that it is likely the accused person is guilty and will be found guilty.

Question 15

The following statement summarizes the essence of the Due Process model: "It is better to let 12 guilt people go free than to punish 1 innocent person."

Question 16

According to the authors, civil libertarians are most likely to support Packer's Due Process model.

Question 17

The change in the sentencing laws during 1970s resulted in more people being incarcerated with longer average sentences.

Question 18

President Bill Clinton, unlike his predecessors, Nixon, Reagan, and H. W. Bush, abandoned the crime control approach during the 1990s.

Question 19

Blended sentencing prevents a juvenile court from imposing an adult sentence for youthful offenders.

Question 20

According to the rulings of the Supreme Court, the death penalty is a violation of the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.