Deck 13: Intelligence

Question 1

Individual differences refer to differences in psychological traits:

A) between people
B) within people
C) between and within people
D) none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Psychological traits that differ between and within people are referred to as:

A) population differences
B) individual differences
C) psychometric differences
D) trait differences

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is the most accurate?

A) Individual differences in physical traits are more relevant than individual differences in psychological traits.
B) Individual differences in psychological traits are more relevant than individual differences in physical traits.
C) Individual differences in psychological and physical traits are equally relevant.
D) Individual differences are not relevant.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

__________ is the study of assessments of human intelligence.

A) Behavioural genetics
B) Neuroscience
C) Cognitive psychology
D) Psychometrics

Question 5

Dr Foster investigates the extent to which nature and nurture causes individual differences in intelligence. Dr Foster is a:

A) behavioural geneticist
B) neuroscientist
C) cognitive psychologist
D) psychometrist

Question 6

Which of the following claims is the most accurate regarding the current situation of intelligence research?

A) The study of intelligence is interdisciplinary.
B) The study of intelligence is mainly carried out by psychometrists.
C) The study of intelligence is mainly carried out by behavioural geneticists.
D) The study of intelligence is mainly carried out by neuroscientists.

Question 7

Which of the following terms can be often found in the literature as a synonym of intelligence?

A) Intellectual capacity
B) g-factor
C) IQ
D) All of the above

Question 8

Why did intelligence researchers struggle to come up with a consensus definition of intelligence?

A) There is a variety of different definitions of intelligence.
B) Different researchers use different methods to investigate intelligence.
C) Intelligence is a highly complex construct.
D) All of the above

Question 9

When was the first attempt of a consensus definition of intelligence put together?

A) 1943
B) 1962
C) 1985
D) 1994

Question 10

Which of the following elements is not included in the consensus definition of intelligence published in the Wall Street Journal in 1994?

A) Accumulated knowledge and experiences
B) Ability to think abstractly
C) Adaptation to novel circumstances
D) Comprehension of one's own surroundings

Question 11

We need intelligence for:

A) solving problems
B) making plans
C) interpret emotional cues
D) all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following, according to your textbook, is a working definition of intelligence?

A) Intelligence is the adaptability to the environment.
B) Intelligence is the sum of mental processes.
C) Intelligence is the adaptability of the brain.
D) Intelligence is the accumulation of knowledge, experiences, and information.

Question 13

Intelligence is the ___________ of the brain.

Question 14

Individual differences are all those differences in psychological and physical traits _________ and _________ people.

Question 15

A ___________ definition of intelligence was supported by 52 intelligence researchers and published in the ___________.

Question 16

Name at least 3 terms that are used interchangeably with intelligence in the literature.

Question 17

Which category of intelligence researchers explore the genetic and environmental causes of individual differences in intelligence?

Question 18

Describe the consensus definition of intelligence supported by 52 research experts in 1994.

Question 19

The first scientific writings on intelligence appeared back to the 18^th century.

Question 20

Individual differences only refer to differences on psychological traits between people. Instead, personal differences describe differences within people.

Question 21

In what country did intelligence originate as a discipline of scientific study?

A) France
B) United States
C) England
D) Germany

Question 22

Intelligence originated as a discipline of scientific study in England and it was inspired by the following seminal publication:

A) Examen de ingenious para las sciencias by Juan Huarte de San Juan
B) On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
C) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life by Herrnstein and Murray
D) Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies by John Bissell Carroll

Question 23

In 1865 Francis Galton published a seminal work titled:

A) 'heredity, talent and character'
B) 'heredity, talent and personality'
C) 'familiality, talent and character'
D) 'familiality, talent and personality'

Question 24

What was Galton's first approach to explore intelligence?

A) He tested all the member of his family on an intelligent scale.
B) He reviewed the family trees of men who had made intellectual contributions to society.
C) He studied the cognitive abilities of savants.
D) He tested children with and without learning disabilities and compared the results.

Question 25

Galton's first approach to the study of intelligence was:

A) psychometric
B) psychophysics
C) comparative
D) historiometric

Question 26

What were Galton's main conclusions to his genealogical investigations on intelligence?

A) Intellectual abilities are transmitted from one generation to the next.
B) Intellectual abilities are strongly determined by environmental factors.
C) Intellectual abilities are almost impossible to measure.
D) Intellectual abilities are not associated to individual differences in academic performance.

Question 27

When a psychological trait runs in a family:

A) it is necessarily due to genetic factors.
B) it is necessarily due to environmental factors.
C) it is impossible to say whether is due to genetic or environmental factors.
D) it is likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Question 28

Who was the first to suggest that there is an association between individual differences in intelligence and in academic performance?

A) Spearman
B) Galton
C) Binet
D) Cattell

Question 29

___________ believed that gifted people have a heightened sensitivity to external stimuli, as measured in his Anthropometric Laboratory in London.

A) Cattell
B) Binet
C) Galton
D) Simon

Question 30

Who founded the Anthropometric Laboratory in London's Science Museum?

Question 31

What method of research did Galton initially pursue in his exploration of intelligence?

Question 32

Nowadays, it would be more appropriate to claim that intelligence refers to the adaptability of the brain to the academic context.

Question 33

If Galton were a behavioural geneticist today, he would support the contribution of nature on intelligence over the contribution of nurture.

Question 34

The first intelligence test was developed in ________ by ________ and ________.

Question 35

Binet and Simon doubted that a standardized test of intelligence could be created due to the __________ nature of children's intelligence development.

Question 36

Discuss the core ideas of Galton's view on intelligence.

Question 37

Who developed the first test of intelligence?

A) Galton
B) Murray
C) Binet and Simon
D) Cattell

Question 38

What was the main purpose of Binet's and Simon's intelligence test?

A) Measuring the average IQ of the French population.
B) Distinguishing between children with and without learning disabilities.
C) Recruiting students for the best French universities.
D) Exploring the cognitive development in preschool children.

Question 39

Binet and Simon were experts:

A) on abnormal child development.
B) on language development.
C) on emotional development.
D) on abnormal social cognition.

Question 40

How many items was the Binet-Simon scale made of?

A) 15
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80

Question 41

The Binet-Simon scale was essentially a test of:

A) general intelligence
B) language skills
C) scholastic abilities
D) abstract reasoning

Question 42

Binet and Simon claimed that children's intelligence development may be too __________ for one standardized test to work well.

A) fast
B) complex
C) heterogeneous
D) unpredictable

Question 43

Who did translate the Binet-Simon Scale into English?

A) Goddard
B) Murray
C) Cattell
D) Carroll

Question 44

If a 6 year-old child has the mental age of a 7-year-old, the child ________ intelligent compared to other 6-year-olds.

Question 45

The Binet-Simon scale measures school-related abilities, rather than general intelligence.

Question 46

Binet and Simon believed that their intelligence scale was universal and could be easily used in different cultural contexts.

Question 47

All intelligence tests __________ between people.

A) find similarities
B) find differences
C) find patterns
D) find consistencies

Question 48

Intelligence tests must meet the statistical criterion/criteria of:

A) validity
B) reliability
C) validity and reliability
D) normality

Question 49

__________ is the extent to which scores on a test instrument accurately measure or predict what they intend to measure or predict.

A) Validity
B) Sensitivity
C) Reliability
D) Specificity

Question 50

Which of the following terms specifically refers to the degree to which a test score is associated with an outcome?

A) Construct validity
B) Predictive validity
C) Content validity
D) Subject validity

Question 51

According to Cronbach, a measurement instrument is of good quality if it has:

A) Construct validity
B) Predictive validity
C) Content validity
D) Subject validity

Question 52

In order for an intelligence test to be of good quality it must show:

A) Reliability
B) Concurrent validity
C) Predictive validity
D) All of the above

Question 53

If a test score is consistently associated with a specific outcome, what psychometric property has been illustrated?

Question 54

What methods would you employ if you were to measure the reliability of scores obtained from a test?

Question 55

If a new test's scores highly _________ with other measures of the same construct, the new test surely has __________ validity.

Question 56

Two similarities between intelligence tests are that they all measure ____________ and they meet statistical criteria that determine a test's ____________.

Question 57

Scores from different intelligence tests:

A) are often found in their raw version.
B) can be compared.
C) make sense only within the context of their own specific test.
D) have little predictive validity.

Question 58

IQ scores are generally transformed into a(n):

A) exponential distribution
B) Poisson distribution
C) normal distribution
D) binomial distribution

Question 59

A typical bell curve of IQ scores has a mean of _______ IQ points.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 100

Question 60

Consider a normal distribution of IQ scores which have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation (SDs) of 15. How many SDs below the mean is someone with an IQ of 70?

A) 1
B) 10
C) 2
D) 30

Question 61

Jane's IQ score collocates 2 standard deviations above the average on a distribution whose mean is 100 and standard deviation is 20. What is Jane's IQ score?

A) 115
B) 130
C) 140
D) 80

Question 62

How is a normal distribution also known as?

Question 63

People at the highest end of the IQ normal distribution are called __________.

Question 64

The main difference between intelligence tests consists of the types of __________ that they are made up of.

Question 65

Intelligence tests can differ in format, length or scope, but never in their complexity.

Question 66

Reaction time is a type of biological measure.

Question 67

Which of the following is a popular format of intelligence tests?

A) Verbal reasoning
B) Matrix reasoning
C) Processing speed
D) All of the above

Question 68

Which of the following measures is considered one of the best and purest measures of intelligence?

A) Matrix reasoning test
B) Processing speed
C) Block design
D) Digit span

Question 69

Which of the following statistical concepts best describes the fact that people differ between one another in intelligence?

A) Mean
B) Correlation coefficient
C) Variance
D) Median

Question 70

__________ variance refers to the fact that people differ from one another in intelligence scores.

A) Global
B) Interpersonal
C) Intrapersonal
D) Personal

Question 71

__________ variance refers to the fact that people's own scores at intelligence tests vary.

A) Global
B) Interpersonal
C) Intrapersonal
D) Personal

Question 72

A professor administers three different intelligence tests to her students. Results show that scores vary largely across the group. However, students do not vary much within themselves. We can say that results show:

A) High interpersonal variance but low intrapersonal variance.
B) High interpersonal variance and high intrapersonal variance.
C) Low interpersonal variance but high intrapersonal variance.
D) Low interpersonal variance and low intrapersonal variance.

Question 73

What are the two logical conclusions we can draw from observations of inter- and intrapersonal variance in intelligence?

Question 74

What are the two types of variance associated with intelligent test scores?

Question 75

What is the logical conclusion to be drawn if the intrapersonal variance in intelligence is greater than the interpersonal variance?

Question 76

If intelligence consists of one general entity, then the interpersonal variance will be higher than the variance within individuals.

Question 77

The different scores that a person obtains at different tests of intelligence are an index of interpersonal variance.

Question 78

People tend to overestimate ___________ differences and underestimate ___________ differences.

Question 79

Intelligence differences between people are __________ than the differences within them.

Question 80

Individuals' scores from different intelligence tests are usually:

A) not correlated
B) positively correlated
C) negatively correlated
D) the same