Deck 16: Reform and Adjustment for a Changing World

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the military's methodology for increasing its ranks in the early 1970s?

A) The military created incentive programs to assist with retention and recruiting.
B) The military strengthened conscription to assist with recruiting.
C) The military used fear tactics to assist with recruiting.
D) The military engaged in a massive marketing campaign to improve moral and retention within its ranks.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the aftermath of Vietnam, what was one of the key military reforms?

A) the all-volunteer force
B) the integration of women in the military
C) the use of "smart" weapons
D) the use of conscription

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these would be likely scenarios in the decade after Vietnam, based on military policy of the time?

A) conventional conflict in Europe and a "small war" in a developing nation
B) a conventional war in a developing nation and a nuclear war in Europe
C) nuclear war followed by a conventional conflict
D) conventional wars in several areas of the globe simultaneously

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What new doctrine developed along with an all-volunteer force?

A) AirLand Battle
B) Combined Arms
C) Jointness
D) Unity of Forces

Question 5

Which of the following is accurate of Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative?

A) It was implemented and used in eighteen months.
B) It exploited America's fascination with science fiction and fantasy.
C) It was relatively inexpensive and convenient.
D) It forced the Soviet Union into an offensive position.

Question 6

How did the Reagan Doctrine dictate American interventions?

A) The U.S. supported anti-communist groups around the world.
B) The U.S. sought isolationism.
C) The U.S. developed friendly relations with other anti-communist states.
D) The U.S. forced Great Britain to seek diplomatic solutions with the Soviets.

Question 7

What failed operation attempted to rescue fifty-two American hostages held in Iran?

A) Operation Eagle Claw
B) Operation Talon
C) Operation Urgent Fury
D) Operation Just Cause

Question 8

Where were 220 U.S. Marines killed while on peace-keeping duties in 1983?

A) Beirut
B) Grenada
C) Panama
D) None of the above

Question 9

What was the intent behind the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act?

A) to enhance "jointness" by giving the Secretary of Defense direct access to the president
B) to work to undermine the concept of "jointness"
C) to give the Secretary of State direct access to the president
D) to make minor organizational changes in the armed services

Question 10

All of these are parts of the Weinberger Doctrine EXCEPT

A) American forces should be drawn down before objectives are accomplished if the situation looks good.
B) The U.S. should not commit forces to combat unless vital national interests or those of allies are involved.
C) American troops should be committed only with clearly defined objectives and given capacity to obtain those objectives.
D) American troops should not be committed to battle without the support of American public opinion or the Congress.

Question 11

Which Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff presided over the U.S. operations in Desert Storm?

A) Colin Powell
B) Donald Rumsfeld
C) Casper Weinberger
D) Norman Swartzkopf

Question 12

Why did Saddam Hussein invade Kuwait in August 1990?

A) to replenish his treasury which had been drained by the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s
B) to punish those who had contested his power in earlier decades
C) to bring the United States into a military conflict
D) to systematically remove ethnic groups he deemed inferior

Question 13

Why was the battle of Khafji significant?

A) It suggested that air forces could be implemented to subdue Iraqi's ground support.
B) It was the first battle ever presented live on television.
C) It forced American officers to rely solely on ground troops to engage the enemy.
D) It helped General Schwarzkopf gain a better understanding of the dominant character of the Iraqi military forces.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes how the Gulf War affected the image of the American military?

A) The United States had finally managed to move beyond the negative legacy of Vietnam.
B) The United States had met and defeated a superior army in combat.
C) Many Americans came to negatively associate the United States Army with tales of atrocities.
D) Norman Swartzkopf had emerged as a colorful yet incompetent leader.

Question 15

Which of the following events occurred first?

A) The intervention in Granada.
B) Serbian leaders agree to halt their offensive against Kosovar villages.
C) President Clinton orders American forces to withdraw from Somalia.
D) The United Nations places sanctions against the military government of Haiti.

Question 16

What conclusions did the study PROVIDE give concerning the adoption of the all-volunteer force? How did these square with the findings of the Gates Commission and Project Volunteer?

Question 17

How was the switch to the all-volunteer force implemented? In what ways was its implementation misunderstood by the public?

Question 18

How did the switch to an all-volunteer force change the way the Army trained new recruits? What were some of the underlying assumptions upon which these changes were based?

Question 19

How did doctrine change as the armed forces moved beyond the Vietnam era? What were some of the different areas on which they focused attention?

Question 20

How did President Jimmy Carter approach the use of nuclear weapons? What new delivery systems began development under his administration?

Question 21

In what ways did the U.S. fall behind the Soviet military during the 1970s? Why did we fall behind? What measures were taken to rectify American deficiencies? Were these successful? Why or why not?

Question 22

Why was the October 1983 attack on the Marine barracks in Beirut so devastating? Could its deadliness have been reduced? Why or why not?

Question 23

Was the operational planning for Operation URGENT FURY effective? Why or why not? Was the mission truly "joint"? Why or why not?

Question 24

Describe the Weinberger Doctrine and the Powell Corollary. How closely were they adhered to in the 1991 Persian Gulf War?

Question 25

How did the U.S. become involved in Somalia? What were the consequences of the urban warfare in Mogadishu in October 1993?