Deck 9: Spatial Vision

Question 1

The size after-effect and tilt after-effect can both be explained by which principle:

A) Population coding
B) Specific nerve energy
C) Metamerism
D) Rating coding

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Who discovered the shift in relative brightness of different light wavelengths during dark adaptation?

A) Robson
B) De Lange
C) Fourier
D) Purkinje

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which statement about the spatial and temporal properties of visual stimuli is true?

A) The bars of a grating are more difficult to detect at higher contrasts
B) The spatial frequency of a grating increases as its viewing distance increases
C) The bars of a grating become wider as spatial frequency increases
D) The bars of two gratings are aligned at a spatial phase difference of 90°

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A grating pattern containing bright and dark bars that are each 0.25 deg wide has a spatial frequency of:

A) 0.25 cpd
B) 4 cpd
C) 2 cpd
D) 5 cpd

Question 5

Compared to photopic conditions, in scotopic conditions spatial contrast sensitivity:

A) Peaks at lower spatial frequencies
B) Peaks at higher temporal frequencies
C) Is highest at very low spatial frequencies
D) Is highest at very high temporal frequencies

Question 6

The excitatory and inhibitory components of a centre-surround receptive field:

A) Are multiplied together to determine the cell's net response
B) Differ in width
C) Both have a high-pass spatial frequency response
D) Differ in orientation tuning

Question 7

In the parallel pathways account of spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity, the sustained channel:

A) Is the most sensitive channel at low spatial frequencies
B) Is characterised by responses in the parvo division of the visual pathway
C) Is the most sensitive channel high temporal frequencies
D) Conveys information about movement

Question 8

Which statement about the spatial scale of images is false?

A) The general shape and structure of an object corresponds to coarse-scale image detail
B) Natural images contain detail at many different spatial scales
C) Natural images typically contain a preponderance of low spatial frequencies
D) The textural property of a surface is carried predominantly in very coarse-scale image detail

Question 9

In the Fourier amplitude spectrum of a complex image, components lying along a radius from the centre of the plot all have the same:

A) Spatial frequency
B) Orientation
C) Amplitude
D) Phase

Question 10

Which one of the following changes does not occur during dark adaptation?

A) Peak contrast sensitivity shifts to higher spatial frequencies
B) Peak contrast sensitivity shifts to lower temporal frequencies
C) Peak spectral sensitivity shifts to shorter wavelengths
D) Visual function shifts from cone vision to rod vision

Question 11

What is the temporal frequency of a light that repeatedly alternates between dark phases and bright phases, with each phase lasting in 125 milliseconds?

A) 4 Hz
B) 0.25 Hz
C) 8 Hz
D) 125 Hz

Question 12

Which statement about hyperacuity is false?

A) It has implications for theoretical models of edge localisation
B) It refers to high-precision edge localisation
C) It can be explained by receptive fields integrating across a number of photoreceptors
D) It cannot be finer than the resolution of the retinal photoreceptor mosaic

Question 13

A balanced centre-surround spatial receptive field has the following property:

A) Excitatory influences are equal to inhibitory influences
B) There is no net response to uniform illumination
C) It has narrow spatial frequency tuning
D) It has high temporal frequency tuning.

Question 14

Which of these tasks measures vernier acuity?

A) Minimum angle needed to discriminate the orientation offset between two lines
B) Minimum contrast needed to discriminate grating spatial frequency
C) Minimum displacement need to discriminate the position offset between two lines
D) Minimum contrast needed to discriminate grating orientation

Question 15

Current computational models of texture discrimination involve:

A) Edge localisation
B) A filter-rectify-filter process
C) Gist analysis
D) Motion analysis

Question 16

Which researchers first proposed that early visual processes create the Primal Sketch:

A) Watt and Morgan
B) Marr and Hildreth
C) Morrone and Burr
D) Landy and Graham

Question 17

Which statement is not true about scene 'gist'?

A) It refers to basic level semantic categorisation of a scene
B) It requires extended viewing time to develop
C) It can be analysed using relative coarse detail from the entire image
D) It can play an important role in recognition and attention

Question 18

Which processing stage is not part of current theories of edge localisation:

A) Spatial filtering
B) Feature extraction
C) Filter combination
D) Fourier analysis

Question 19

Which of the following does not limit the utility of Fourier analysis as a model for spatial vision? Fourier transforms:

A) Break images down into different frequency components
B) Are global operations across the entire image
C) Represent each frequency component independently of all others
D) Assume that responses are linear

Question 20

Which of the following does not occur after adaptation to a high-contrast, high spatial frequency grating:

A) Contrast threshold elevation for high spatial frequency gratings
B) Increases in the apparent spatial frequency of higher spatial frequency gratings
C) Decreases the apparent spatial frequency of lower spatial frequency gratings
D) Contrast threshold elevation for low spatial frequency gratings