Deck 3: Racism and Nativism in Immigration Policy

Question 1

The landmark Supreme Court case, Fong Yue Ting v. United States which ruled that constitutional protections did not apply in deportation cases, was later declared unconstitutional.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

World War II created a Mexican American middle class, improving their social standing in the borderlands.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Between 1966 and 1981, large numbers of Asian Indians immigrated to the United States, with the majority of these new immigrants working in farm labor occupations.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Vietnam is distinct from other Asian countries in that the Vietnamese were the first Asian group to immigrate to the United States.

Question 5

The large-scale migration of Chinese to the United States began when U.S. contractors recruited laborers to build railroads in the mid-nineteenth century.

Question 6

Immigrants from the Caribbean have only been coming to the United States since World War II.

Question 7

Proposition 187 was proposed as a means of protecting the agricultural workers who had been working for decades in California.

Question 8

Although Proposition 187 did pass, it was never implemented because it was later ruled unconstitutional.

Question 9

Racial profiling of Latinos is widespread and Latinos in particular are targeted in immigration enforcement efforts.

Question 10

Throughout its history, the United States has offered unequivocal citizenship to all persons born in the U.S.

Question 11

When Italians began migrating to the United States, they often faced discrimination and were even lynched on occasion in the South.

Question 12

The first immigration policies were focused on restricting Mexican immigration.

Question 13

During the Great Depression, the Immigration and Naturalization Service mounted a repatriation campaign leading to mass deportations of Mexican immigrants.

Question 14

The United States has always required passports and visas to enter the country.

Question 15

Immigration policies that restricted people from certain regions of the world in the early 20^th century were tied to the eugenics movement.

Question 16

The two aspects of U.S. immigration policy which have remained constant since its inception are that the consequences of the policy have been more disadvantageous to people defined as non-White than to those considered to be White and:

A) Mexican immigration has always been restricted
B) policies disproportionately affect women
C) nativism has been an integral part of debates over immigration
D) polices single out particular racial and ethnic groups

Question 17

What aspect of U.S. immigration policy has changed over time?

A) Explicitly discriminatory language has been removed from immigration laws.
B) Immigration laws are no longer motivated by nativism.
C) Immigration policies no longer impact non-Whites more negatively.
D) Deportation is now only used as a last resort.

Question 18

_______ presumes the superiority of a racial group, whereas _______ presumes the superiority of native-born citizens.

A) Ethnic discrimination; racial discrimination
B) Nativism; racism
C) Racial discrimination; ethnic discrimination
D) Racism; nativism

Question 19

How did the Naturalization Act of 1790 lay the foundation for later racialized immigration policies?

A) It was the first immigration policy to restrict immigration based on country of origin.
B) It set a precedent for racially exclusionary practices by granting citizenship only to Whites.
C) It was the first policy to allow for deportation based on ideological reasons.
D) It denied Latinos access to social services.

Question 20

Which piece of immigration legislation was the first to deny entry to a specific group, thus paving the way for future racially biased immigration policies?

A) the Chinese Exclusion Act
B) the Immigration and Nationality Act
C) the McCarran Internal Security Act
D) the Immigration Reform and Control Act

Question 21

Faustino was born in the Philippines and came to the United States on a student visa. After graduating college, he remains in the country illegally. Faustino's illegal status is discovered and the U.S government returns him to the Philippines. His removal from the United States is an example of:

A) assimilation
B) deportation
C) acculturation
D) banishment

Question 22

The Immigration Act of 1924, the Oriental Exclusion Act, and the creation of the Border Patrol are three measures implemented by the United States in 1924, which resulted in:

A) the influx of immigrants from the Caribbean and Latin America
B) an increase in immigrants coming to the United States to join their families
C) a decrease in deportations due to felony records
D) a drastic drop in immigration, which lasted for the next 40 years

Question 23

Lourdes was born in Venezuela and immigrated to the United States at age 30. She was granted the right to stay in the United States and will be eligible for naturalization in 3-5 years. Lourdes can be classified as a(n):

A) legal permanent resident
B) temporary green card holder
C) resident alien
D) illegal alien

Question 24

As a means to address labor shortages following World War II, the U.S government created a program which brought Mexicans to the United States to work in agriculture. This program was called:

A) Operation Wetback
B) the Mexican integration program
C) the bracero program
D) the Mestizo project

Question 25

From 1950 to 1954, the Border Patrol conducted a series of operations, referred to as _________, which resulted in the deportation of over one million Mexican immigrants.

A) Operation Mulatto
B) Operation Pardo
C) Operation Mestizo
D) Operation Wetback

Question 26

All of the following groups eventually became White in the United States EXCEPT:

A) Irish
B) Albanians
C) Italians
D) Jews

Question 27

The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act set a universal quota of 20,000 immigrants for every country, which resulted in increased immigration from Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean as well as:

A) increased undocumented immigration from Mexico
B) increased immigration from Africa
C) decreased immigration from many European countries
D) decreased immigration by any person with a criminal background

Question 28

Up until the 1970s, over 80 percent of Mexicans who came to the United States were temporary farmworkers. The passage of the 1965 Immigration Act, and subsequently the 1986 mass legalization laws, resulted in:

A) decreasing rates of Mexican immigrants working in agriculture
B) even higher percentages of Mexicans immigrating to work temporarily on farms
C) increasing numbers of Mexicans choosing to reside permanently in the United States
D) All of the above

Question 29

Immigrants from which Caribbean country are nearly always welcomed into the United States as long as they make it to U.S. soil?

A) Jamaica
B) Cuba
C) Dominican Republic
D) Haiti

Question 30

Why was a quota of 20,000 immigrants from Mexico, as set by the Immigration and Nationality Act, so unrealistic?

A) Because Chinese laborers had largely replaced Mexican laborers in the United States, so such a large quota was unnecessary
B) Because at the time, anti-Mexican sentiment was so intense that Americans would never have stood for such a large quota
C) Because agricultural initiatives were on the rise in Mexico, creating an incentive for Mexican laborers to stay in Mexico for work
D) Because the need for Mexican labor to sustain economic growth in the United States was so much greater than what the quota allowed for

Question 31

Which of the following claims would a proponent of IRCA, who relies on nativism and anti-immigrant sentiment, use to garner support for placing tighter regulations on immigration?

A) that immigrants were over-using the welfare system
B) that the newcomers were too different and "unassimilable"
C) that immigrants were stealing jobs from Americans
D) All of the above

Question 32

If Eduardo was an undocumented farmhand working on an orange orchard in California, under which piece of legislation could he have been denied social services and educational opportunities, had it remained in effect?

A) Proposition 187
B) the McCarran Internal Security Act
C) Operation Wetback
D) The Immigration Act of 1924

Question 33

In Robert Bautista's case, outlined at the beginning of Chapter 3, his attempted arson charge was classified as an aggravated felony and he was subject to mandatory detention and deportation without judicial review. The passage of what legislation made this treatment legal?

A) Proposition 187
B) the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
C) the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
D) the McCarran Internal Security Act

Question 34

How do racial disparities in the criminal justice system relate to deportation policies?

A) Non-Whites are much more likely to be discriminated against in the criminal justice system than by immigration policies.
B) Asians represent a relatively small portion of those imprisoned, yet are a large portion of those who are deported.
C) Women are over-represented in the criminal justice system and therefore, are more likely to be deported.
D) Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be incarcerated, which means Black and Latino immigrants are more likely to be deported than White and Asian immigrants.

Question 35

According to historian George Sanchez, the racialized nativism of today is distinct from that of a century ago in each of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) The worry that immigrants are draining public resources through the over-use of welfare, education, and health care services
B) The concern that Chinese laborers are starting to compete with Whites in agriculture
C) The rise of extreme antipathy towards languages other than English
D) The concern that Asian, Caribbean, and Latin American immigrants are taking advantage of affirmative action

Question 36

If Lynn was born in France, immigrated to the United States, and five years later is granted U.S. citizenship, she has become an American citizen by means of:

A) birth-right citizenship
B) temporary residency
C) deportation
D) naturalization

Question 37

The ____________ movement advocated the selective breeding of Americans and the sterilization of the biologically unfit as a way of creating a superior breed of people.

A) racial justice
B) eugenics
C) DREAMers
D) intersectional

Question 38

The ______________was the first major piece of immigration legislation, targeting one specific group based on race and class.

A) 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
B) Immigration Act of 1917
C) Johnson-Reed Act
D) Naturalization Law of 1790

Question 39

The motivation for both the Immigration Act of 1924 and the Oriental Exclusion Act of 1924 was to:

A) encourage the immigration of laborers from the Caribbean
B) eliminate biased immigration standards for all immigrant groups
C) prevent immigrants from taking advantage of social services
D) improve the racial stock of the United States

Question 40

Which major piece of immigration legislation established national-origin quotas for European immigrants?

A) The Johnson-Reed Act of 1924
B) The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
C) The McCarran Internal Security Act
D) The Naturalization Law of 1790

Question 41

The ___________ limited naturalization to immigrants who were "free White persons."

A) 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
B) Immigration Act of 1917
C) Naturalization Act of 1790
D) Johnson-Reed Act of 1924

Question 42

Although most often associated with African Americans in the South, cases in which both Italians and Jews were lynched similarly to African Americans demonstrate how both groups:

A) had to experience a process of racialization to eventually become White
B) could not escape the religious persecution which caused them to emigrate from their homelands
C) were historically considered Black and continue to be discriminated against today
D) were able to relate to African Americans and therefore joined forces with them in demanding better working conditions

Question 43

In 2001, Congress proposed a bill which would provide undocumented youth who finish high school in the U.S with a path to U.S. citizenship. The act was known as:

A) the Uniting American Families Act
B) the American Child Support Enforcement Immigration Act
C) the Nuclear Family Priority Act
D) the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act

Question 44

DREAMers were able to successfully pressure President Obama into providing deferred action and work permits to undocumented youth. In June 2012, the president instituted ________, which protects youth from deportation for two years.

A) the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act
B) the Fair Access Act
C) the Family Preservation and Support Services Act
D) Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

Question 45

Legislation in the early 20^th century, including the Immigration Act of 1917 and the Johnson-Reed Act, sought to restrict immigration from all of the following regions EXCEPT:

A) Asia
B) Southern Europe
C) Western & Northern Europe
D) The Middle East

Question 46

What is the difference between nativism and racism?

Question 47

Explain how nativism and racism are linked.

Question 48

Identify and discuss three ways in which contemporary nativism differs from the nativism of a century ago. Provide two specific examples of contemporary nativism.

Question 49

Explain the significance of the Naturalization Act of 1790 for African-descended slaves and Asian immigrants.

Question 50

Describe the Chinese Exclusion Act. What is the contemporary relevance of this piece of immigration legislation?

Question 51

Do U.S. constitutional protections apply to non-citizens undergoing deportation? Why or why not?

Question 52

Compare the Johnson-Reed Act with the Oriental Exclusion Act. How did these pieces of immigration legislation, in conjunction with the newly created U.S. Border patrol, reshape immigration to the United States in the 1920s?

Question 53

What similarities and differences do you see between the bracero program, which took place between 1942 and 1964, and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986?

Question 54

How was the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 driven by nativism in the United States?

Question 55

Compare and contrast Operation Wetback with the McCarren Internal Security Act. What do these two policies reveal about the way in which nativism shapes immigration policy?

Question 56

Describe the1965 Immigration and Nationality Act. Identify and discuss the two main consequences of the Act.

Question 57

Explain how proponents of California's Proposition 187 relied on racial imagery to promote the bill. Is the bill relevant today, even though it was never implemented? Why or why not?

Question 58

What is a common theme of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act? How did both reflect racialized and nativist sentiments regarding the issue of immigration?

Question 59

Use the concept of systemic racism to explain how racism in the criminal justice system affects Black and Latino immigrants.

Question 60

We learn in Chapter 3 that "any discourse about immigration today has the subtext of minority incorporation into society." Considering this stance, make a claim about the role of immigration policy in creating and reproducing racial inequality.