Deck 12: Attraction, Relationships, and Love

Question 1

How is loneliness different from being alone? How can people constructively respond to feelings of loneliness?

Answer 1

You are alone when you are by yourself. You can feel lonely in a crowd of people. Loneliness is an emotion arising from unmet needs for affection and self-validation from a psychologically intimate relationship. Loneliness not only involves feelings of distress, desperation, disconnectedness, and depression, but lonely people are at risk for a number of health and cognitive problems. Constructive responses to loneliness include embracing opportunities to improve social skills, enhancing social support, or increasing opportunities for social interaction.

Question 2

Erin and Marc have been married for 2 years. Assuming that Erin and Marc are a typical couple, which of the following factors is Marc most likely to say is a threat to their relationship?

A) The lack of openness and intimacy in their relationship.
B) The absence of romance or passion in their relationship.
C) The amount of housework he performs, compared to the amount performed by Erin.
D) The amount of money he is paid compared to how much money Erin makes.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Research on sex and romantic relationships has shown all but which of the following results?

A) Women experience dissatisfaction when their sexual relationships are not as frequent or varied as they would like.
B) Most healthy adults between the ages of 80 to 100 are still sexually active.
C) People can experience romantic love in the absence of sexual desire.
D) People can develop sexual desires as a result of falling in love.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research shows that, compared to troubled couples, happily married couples:

A) Have sex more frequently.
B) Participate in sporting events more frequently.
C) Attend social events more frequently.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Results of a study on speed-dating show that, after a speed-dating event when people evaluate their actual speed-dating partners:

A) Males and females place little importance on their partner's personality.
B) Males and females place equal importance on attractiveness and earning potential.
C) Males place more importance on attractiveness and females place more importance on earning potential.
D) Males place more importance on earning potential and females place more importance on attractiveness.

Question 6

Both males and females place equal importance on a potential partner's physical attractiveness when they are looking for ________, but place the most importance on personality when they are looking for ________.

A) a long-term relationship; a platonic relationship
B) a platonic relationship; a long-term relationship
C) a one night stand; a long-term relationship
D) a long-term relationship; a one-night stand

Question 7

According to the text, in which scenario will both males and females place equal weight on a potential partner's physical attractiveness?

A) When they are looking for a long-term relationship.
B) When they have just worked out.
C) When they have few cognitive resources to spare.
D) When they are looking for a one night stand.

Question 8

According to evolutionary theory, with whom is Will most likely to want a long-term relationship?

A) Michelle, who is very attractive.
B) Jane, who is very wealthy.
C) Amanda, who is very athletic.
D) Lucy, who is very submissive.

Question 9

Maria is feeling romantic love for George. It is likely that Maria is intensely feeling all but which of the following emotions?

A) Sexual feelings
B) Trust
C) Longing
D) Fulfillment

Question 10

Research on relationships and culture has shown all but which of the following?

A) The bond between mothers and infants differs considerably across industrialized nations.
B) East Asians from collectivist cultures are better able to read the emotions of strangers than close others.
C) Most North Americans believe that romantic love is a desirable and necessary part of marriage.
D) In India, feelings of love tend to increase over time in arranged marriages and decrease in marriages chosen by the partners themselves.

Question 11

Marsha is preparing for a job interview that is occurring the next morning. As she describes her preparations to her boyfriend, Marsha appears to be very anxious and scared. According to the study by Simpson and colleagues (1992) Marsha will be most likely to seek and receive support from her boyfriend if:

A) Both Marsha and her boyfriend have secure attachment styles.
B) Both Marsha and her boyfriend have dismissing attachment styles.
C) Both Marsha and her boyfriend have fearful attachment styles.
D) Marsha has a fearful attachment style and her boyfriend has a secure attachment style.

Question 12

Which of the following findings from research on attachment styles is FALSE?

A) Infants display different attachment styles to their mothers.
B) People's attachment styles as infants predict how people will form attachments with their romantic partners as adults.
C) Once formed, attachment styles do not change as people age.
D) People with secure attachment styles have more satisfying romantic relationships.

Question 13

Individuals who are particularly sensitive to rejection because they are uncomfortable getting close to others have which attachment style?

A) secure
B) dismissing
C) preoccupied
D) fearful

Question 14

Giselle is a serial monogamist. She is unhappy when she is not in a relationship, although when she is in a relationship, she often feels that her partners are reluctant to get as close to her as she would like. Giselle most clearly has a ________ attachment style.

A) secure
B) dismissing
C) preoccupied
D) fearful

Question 15

Who is likely to remain committed to their relationship?

A) Abe, whose partner understands him better than anyone else does.
B) Ben, who is contemplating divorcing his wife, but who doesn't want to leave his children.
C) Charles, who is thinking about breaking up with his girlfriend, but doesn't want to admit that his relationship failed.
D) All of the people above will remain committed.

Question 16

Which of the following factors influences people's level of commitment to a relationship?

A) The rewards people receive from the relationship.
B) The potential rewards that might be gained from other relationships
C) The investments that would be lost if the relationship ended.
D) All of the above

Question 17

Research on social support has shown all but which of the following?

A) People with cancer are less likely to die from the disease if they feel they have good social support.
B) Men benefit more than women from receiving social support.
C) Believing that you have social support can have positive effects even if you don't receive the support.
D) Receiving social support is beneficial, even if the recipients don't realize they are receiving it.

Question 18

Becca and Sam's relationship is high in intimacy. Becca has recently been complaining that she dislikes her job as a high school teacher and she wants to become a yoga instructor instead. Given their intimate relationship, how is Sam likely to respond?

A) Sam will respond with his own work-related frustrations.
B) Sam will tell Becca that he understands her frustrations and will support her no matter what.
C) Sam will tell Becca that he will call her school principle and negotiate for a raise on her behalf.
D) All of the above

Question 19

When Ben is angry with his girlfriend, Rose, he often screams at her. When Rose is angry with Ben, she makes it a point to actively ignore him. During such conflicts, Ben engages in _______ accommodation and Rose engages in _______ accommodation.

A) constructive; constructive
B) constructive; destructive
C) destructive; constructive
D) destructive; destructive

Question 20

Four couples are arguing over who in the couple should do more housework. According to the research described in your text, which couple is responding to conflict in the healthiest way?

A) Takeshi and Lauren have been yelling at each other for an hour.
B) Alex is ridiculing Lin and accusing her of being a generally messy person.
C) Marcus and Anita have actively discussed the issue for an hour.
D) Jerome and Sonia are refusing to talk to each other about the issue.

Question 21

Ed is an emotional and aggressive person and he is worried that he will physically hurt his girlfriend if she angers him. Based on the study by Finkel and others (2009), what should Ed do to decrease the likelihood of harming his girlfriend?

A) Have him brush his teeth with his non-dominant hand every other day for the next two weeks.
B) Have him respond by saying ""yes"" rather than ""yeah"" for the next two weeks.
C) Increase his feelings of self-control.
D) All of the above

Question 22

Briefly explain how a) attachment style, b) level of commitment, c) idealization of partner and relationship, and d) beliefs about relationships all relate to constructive accommodation.

Question 23

Luis and Ramona are experiencing great tension in their relationship and are on the verge of a huge fight. If Luis and Ramona both want to ensure that they maintain a healthy relationship, describe the pattern of accommodation they should engage in and 4 problematic types of communication that they should avoid.

Question 24

Paula and Pete are interested in meeting new people so both decide to write a personal ad. Paula is looking for a one-night stand and Pete is looking for a long-term relationship. Based on the research described in the text, what characteristics should each be looking for in their partner? Write a personal ad for each person that reflects these preferences. Next, imagine that both Paula and Pete decide to give speed dating a try. Briefly describe one relevant study that sheds light on which part

Question 25

According to evolutionary theory how do the mate preferences of men vs. women differ and where does this difference come from?

Question 26

How is romantic love different from liking?

Question 27

Neil has a dismissing attachment style and John has a fearful attachment style. How are these two attachment styles similar and how are they different?

Question 28

Angie has recently become friends with Molly and with Jennifer. Angie likes Molly because she's always up for anything and they are in a number of classes so they can study together. On the other hand, Molly likes to argue about politics a lot and Angie finds that to be quite off-putting. In contrast, Angie and Jennifer have similar tastes in music and they often spend hours discussing their favorite composers and venues (rather than arguing about politics) Molly tends to annoy Angie more than

Question 29

Jeff and Jill have been dating for over a year. For his birthday, Jill spent a lot of time putting together an expensive and thoughtful gift. For her birthday, Jeff bought her a nice card and told her he'd take her out to dinner soon. Jill was upset because, based on the gift she had given him, she expected more for her birthday. Jeff, on the other hand, didn't understand her anger because he said he wasn't keeping track. How would Jeff and Jill characterize their relationship - as a communal re

Question 30

Explain 3 ways that people think of strangers differently than they think of people with whom they are in close relationships. Next, compare the type of attributions that people make for the negative behaviors of strangers as compared to close others.

Question 31

Briefly explain how interaction, similarity, and physical attractiveness interact to influence liking. Illustrate your answer with an example from your own life.

Question 32

Rahm is deciding whether to date Leanne or Claire. Like Rahm, Leanne enjoys working out and going camping. Claire, on the other hand, is very different from Rahm. She is more introverted and would prefer to spend time inside reading a book. Based on the research reviewed in your text, will Rahm be most likely to date Leanne who is very similar to him, or Claire who is very different from him? You should provide 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer.

Question 33

Explain how perceptions of attractiveness are influenced by 2 biological factors and 2 experiential factors.

Question 34

Patrice has just gone through a divorce and is experiencing depression, distress, desperation, and feelings of disconnectedness. It is likely that Patrice is _______.

A) Lonely
B) Alone
C) Engaging in constructive accommodation
D) Engaging in destructive accommodation

Question 35

Individuals who lose a spouse are at most risk for serious health problems if:

A) Their spouse's death was expected and they feel they have control over their future.
B) Their spouse's death was expected and they feel they have no control over their future.
C) Their spouse's death was unexpected and they feel they have no control over their future.
D) Their spouse's death was unexpected and they feel they have control over their future.

Question 36

Who is likely to feel worse after a break-up?

A) Li, who is still in love with his ex.
B) Luigi, whose girlfriend just broke up with him.
C) Hassan, who just broke up with his partner.
D) All of the people above should feel equally bad.

Question 37

Which two characteristics foreshadow the end of a relationship?

A) Low levels of intimacy and low levels of attachment
B) High levels of self-disclosure and low levels of attachment
C) Low levels of intimacy and high levels of attachment
D) High levels of self-disclosure and high levels of attachment.

Question 38

Who is LEAST likely to deal with relationship conflict in constructive ways?

A) Securely attached Sally
B) Committed Cara
C) Positively illusioned Patricia
D) Destined to be together Danita

Question 39

In a study by Aron and colleagues (1991), participants were asked to divide up money between themselves and another person. The results showed that:

A) When the other person was a friend, the participants divided the money up about evenly.
B) When the other person was a stranger, the participants divided the money up about evenly.
C) When the other person was a friend, the participants divided the money up about evenly, but only when their friend would know who gave them the money.
D) When the other person was a stranger, the participants divided the money up about evenly, but only when the stranger would know who gave them the money.

Question 40

James and Joy have a communal relationship. After James does a favor for Joy, it is likely that which of the following will occur next?

A) Joy will feel compelled to return the favor.
B) James will make Joy feel guilty until she returns the favor.
C) Joy will expect James to continue doing favors for her.
D) James will expect nothing from Joy in return.

Question 41

Dick and Judy have been married for over 30 years. Both of them consider their relationship to be deeply satisfying. One year, Dick showed up late to their anniversary dinner. It is most likely that Judy attributed Dick's tardiness to:

A) His selfish personality.
B) The fact that he had never been as invested in the relationship as she was.
C) His boss asking him to stay late at work.
D) None of the above

Question 42

Children of divorced parents display more behavior problems and have lower school achievement than children from intact families.

Question 43

Stonewalling, defensiveness, and displays of contempt toward one's partner are all productive ways of dealing with conflict in one's relationship.

Question 44

Sexual intimacy is associated with increased stability within romantic relationships.

Question 45

Compared to those who meet offline, couples who meet online are less likely to divorce.

Question 46

Couples who are married to partners that they chose are happier on average than individuals in arranged marriages.

Question 47

Most individuals have secure attachment styles.

Question 48

People will remain in committed relationships, even when their satisfaction is low.

Question 49

People with good social support are physically healthier than those without such support.

Question 50

Relationships that move from communal to exchange are more likely to last.

Question 51

Both males and females include close others as part of their self-identity.

Question 52

Women disclose more information to other women than men disclose to other men.

Question 53

We like those who subtly mimic our movements.

Question 54

The more frequently we see someone, the less we like them.

Question 55

Being liked by someone is one of the strongest reasons for liking that person back.

Question 56

Opposites attract.

Question 57

Research shows that people are attracted to others whose eyes and hair color match those of their opposite sex parent.

Question 58

Regardless of where you are in the world, there are some physical characteristics that almost everyone agrees are attractive.

Question 59

Couples can be taught how to deal with conflict more constructively.

Question 60

Women terminate heterosexual relationships more often than men do.

Question 61

Those who provide help to others appear to recover faster after the death of a spouse.

Question 62

In a study by Aron and colleagues, participants were asked to rate both themselves and their spouses on a number of traits. The researchers found which of the following results?

A) Compared to males, female participants responded faster to the traits on which they differed from their spouse.
B) Participants were slower to respond to the traits on which they differed from their spouse.
C) Participants were faster to respond to the traits on which they differed from their spouse.
D) The closer the relationship, the slower participants were to respond to traits on which they were similar to their spouse.

Question 63

Tony often says that his wife, Jackie, completes him. As a couple, Tony and Jackie think of themselves as inextricably linked parts of a whole, therefore they are high in ________ interdependence.

A) behavioral
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) psychological

Question 64

Which of the relationships below would be considered a close relationship?

A) The relationship between a parent and child.
B) The relationship between best friends.
C) The relationship between lovers in a romantic relationship.
D) All of the above

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of close relationships?

A) They involve positive feelings
B) They involve interdependence
C) They involve feelings of love
D) They involve a strong connection

Question 66

Research on self-disclosure has shown all but which of the following?

A) People from collectivistic societies disclose more than people from individualistic societies.
B) The depth and breadth of self-disclosure increases as relationships develop.
C) People who readily express emotions nonverbally are liked more than less expressive individuals.
D) Women self-disclose more than men.

Question 67

Michael and Daniel are in many of the same classes because they are both engineering majors. Michael is better at math and Daniel is better at science, so they often meet to help each other in their classes. Because both Michael and Daniel are benefitting from their friendship, this would be characterized as a(n) __________ relationship.

A) communal
B) exchange
C) arranged
D) reciprocal

Question 68

Elaine has a crush on Sam, a student in her Calculus class. If Elaine wants Sam to like her, what should she do?

A) Ignore him as much as possible.
B) Play hard to get.
C) Sit next to him every day in class.
D) Wear a lot of perfume to class every day.

Question 69

According to the study by Festinger, Schachter and Back (1950) of residents in a married-student housing complex, with whom were individuals most likely to be friends?

A) Residents with whom they shared similarities that lived on a different floor.
B) Residents who lived near the mailboxes.
C) Residents from their hometowns who lived in a different dorm.
D) Residents who were of the same level of physical attractiveness.

Question 70

Which of the following statements about similarity and liking is FALSE?

A) We like similar others because we find our own characteristics to be desirable and similar others validate those characteristics.
B) At large, diverse schools your friends will be more similar to you than at smaller, less diverse schools.
C) Friends become more similar to each other over time.
D) Partners who have different political views have happier relationships.

Question 71

Melissa is an attractive young woman with curly, blonde hair. Who would you predict Melissa will like the most?

A) Aaron, whose level of physical attractiveness matches Melissa's.
B) Daniel, who has bright red hair and freckles.
C) Gilbert, who is much more attractive than Melissa.
D) Eli, who is Melissa's complete opposite.

Question 72

Which of the following statements about attractiveness is TRUE?

A) People find others that they like to be more physically attractive than those they do not like.
B) Women find men to be less attractive after they learn that he is flirtatious.
C) Men rate a wider array of body types as attractive if they learn that the female targets have a positive personality.
D) All of the above

Question 73

Gina is a curvy, voluptuous woman. In which culture will she be perceived as most attractive?

A) In a culture in which resources are plentiful.
B) In a culture in which resources are scarce.
C) In a culture in which the men are tall on average.
D) In a culture in which the women are tall on average.

Question 74

Collette has a very symmetrical face. Who would be most likely to find Collette attractive?

A) Someone from an industrialized culture.
B) Someone from an Eastern culture.
C) Someone from a culture whose people are threatened by communicable diseases.
D) Someone from a culture with a low rate of communicable diseases.

Question 75

Compared to unattractive people, attractive people are perceived to be more:

A) Friendly
B) Sociable
C) Trustworthy
D) All of the above

Question 76

According to the text, what is one of the biggest challenges of studying real relationships?

A) Determining cause and effect relationships.
B) Studying relationships over time.
C) Bringing real couples into the lab.
D) Determining how relationships begin.

Question 77

Which of the following has been shown to contribute to better health outcomes?

A) Being in a happy marriage
B) Having more friends
C) Having a greater perceived support network
D) All of the above

Question 78

Individuals who perceive their loneliness as resulting from transitory, potentially controllable causes are more likely to remain lonely for long periods of time.

Question 79

Elderly individuals who have more friends, live longer than those who do not have as many friends.