Deck 3: Ethical Theories

Question 1

The obedience to authority/fear of punishment stage whereby the person defines right or wrong based on the obedience to rules from those in power represent which stage of Kohlberg's moral development?

A)First stage
B)Second stage
C)Third stage
D)Fourth stage
E)Fifth stage

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Kohlberg's theory, the stage where an individual determines right or wrong based on the impact of the consequences of actions on significant others, is the

A)First stage of moral development
B)Second stage of moral development
C)Third stage of moral development
D)Fourth stage of moral development
E)None of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Kohlberg's (1969) the stage of moral development where a person chooses the action that satisfies personal gains the most, is the

A)First stage
B)Second stage
C)Third stage
D)Fourth stage
E)Fifth stage

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Kohlberg's theory, the stage where a person judges an action as right or wrong depending on whether such action violate rule and regulations, is the

A)First stage
B)Second stage
C)Second stage
D)Fourth stage
E)None of the above

Question 5

The more idealistic an individual is,

A)The higher the concern for the welfare for himself and the higher the desire to minimize harm to others.
B)The higher the concern for the Welfare for others and the lower the desire to minimize harm to others.
C)The lower the concern for the welfare for himself and the higher the desire to minimize harm to others.
D)The lower the concern for the Welfare for othersand the lower the desire to minimize harm to others
E)None of the above

Question 6

As managers face ethical issues,...provide insights into the processes behind ethical decision-making.

A)Ethical theories
B)The universal ethical principles
C)Moral philosophies
D)Moral justification
E)None of the above

Question 7

The basic premise of utilitarian ethics suggest that when deciding among many potential options, an individual will

A)Only consider the benefits caused by the action and then choose the option that maximizes good.
B)Only consider the benefits caused by the action and then choose the option that minimize harms are also considered.
C)Only consider the benefits caused by the action
D)Consider equality and fairness
E)None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following regarding Kantian ethics is not true?

A)Kantian ethics is based on the assumption that human beings cannot be treated as means to an end
B)Kantian ethics does not take into consideration the consequences of a decision
C)The decision made under Kantian ethics should have universal acceptability
D)Kantian ethics assume that every human being should be treated with dignity and respect
E)Kantian ethics decisions are based on minimization of harm and maximization of benefits.

Question 9

According to Kohlberg's theory, the stage that indivuals base their decisions on ethical principles of right and wrong and consider good to society:

A)First stage
B)Second Stage
C)Third stage
D)Fourth stage
E)Fifth stage

Question 10

At which stage of Kohlberg's thoery does the decision-maker determine whether an action is right based on universal ethical principles that everyone should follow

A)Principled stage
B)Rules and laws stage
C)Universal ethical stage
D)Expectation of other stage
E)Self-interest stage

Question 11

Which stage is more of a theoretical stage of Kohlberg's theory, that very few people actually attain?

A)Universal ethical stage
B)Expectation of others stage
C)Principled stage
D)Self-interest stage
E)None of the above

Question 12

At what stage of Kohlberg's theory are people more likely to engage in unethical behavior?

A)First and second stage
B)Third and fourth stage
C)Fifth and sixth stage
D)Both b.and c.
E)Any stage

Question 13

In which level of Rest, one of Kohlberg's former students, are decisions typically driven internally by either reward or punishent

A)Post-conventional level
B)Conventional level
C)Pre-conventional level
D)Principled level
E)None of the above

Question 14

Which one of Rest's levels combines Kohlberg's stage three and four, and states that decisions are based on external rules and norms coming form family, friends, peers, and society?

A)Post-conventional level
B)Conventional level
C)Pre-conventional level
D)Principled level
E)None of the above

Question 15

The basic premise of __________ is that the moral worth of an action is bsed on the consequences of that actions?

A)Virtue ethics
B)Idealistic ethics
C)Relative ethics
D)Utilitarian ethics
E)None of the above

Question 16

In what way (s) is utilitarian ethics advantageous for organizational decision making?

A)Helps to guage the impact of organizational decisions
B)Forces decision-makers to consider both costs and benefits
C)It doesn't provide any preference to any specific groups affected by decisions
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 17

Emphasis of decisions made by individuals of good moral character and integrity describes:

A)Utilitarian ethics
B)Virtue ethics
C)Relativism
D)Idealism
E)None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is an advantage of virtue ethics?

A)Employees who do things out of their moral ideals are ore likely to be trusted then those simply following rules
B)Employees with virtue ethics are more likely to understand what ethical behavior should be performed.
C)Individuals engage in virtue ethics are more motivated to make moral decisions
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 19

… refers to the preferred way for individuals to approach ethical decision-making:

A)Moral philosophies
B)Ethical philosophies
C)Relativism
D)Idealism
E)None of the above

Question 20

The _________ and individual is on the _____________ scale, the more likely they will reject the existence of universal laws and codes.

A)Lower, Idealism
B)Higher, Idealism
C)Higher, Relativism
D)Lower, Relativism
E)None of the above

Question 21

Which of the following people are more likely to make ethcial choices when confronted with situations that have ethical implications?

A)People that demonstrate relativism
B)People that demonstrate idealism
C)Both will encourage ethical choices
D)Neither, as both discuss ethical theories

Question 22

Which of the following are characteristics of institutional anomie theory (IAB)?

A)Leads to conflicts between the social structure of a society and the goals of a society
B)Members of society will resot to any means to achieve the societyal goals
C)Disconnet from society
D)Individuals willing to break laws to attain their goals
E)All of the above

Question 23

Individuals with __________ __________ are more likely to use the situation to justify the unethical choices

A)High relativism
B)Low relativism
C)High idealisim
D)Low idealism
E)None of the above

Question 24

Which of the following are benefits of Kantian?

A)Fosters universal decisions that are not guided by specific situations
B)Emphasized treating human beings with dignity and respect
C)Focuses on principles rather than consequences of actions
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 25

In the Ford Motors case, what did engineers decide not to include on their Ford Pinto production to cut costs, that cut costs and brought about an ethical issue?

A)Flame resistant tires
B)Seat belts
C)Air bags
D)Rear blinkers
E)Rubber baldder in the gas tank

Question 26

Compare and contrast Kantian ethics and utilitarianism. How can they be combined to make more ethical decisions?

Question 27

Discuss the basic principles of virtue ethics.