Deck 2: Origins and Transformation of Juvenile Justice

Question 1

Scholars say that juvenile delinquency was ____________ ____________ in order to indicate that it is a product of a great many social, cultural, political, economic, and religious changes.

A) differentially associated
B) socially constructed
C) analytically derived
D) logically adapted

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Family life and childrearing emerged as matters of great importance in Renaissance society.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Rousseau's idea of __________ __________ led to a growing awareness of age distinctions across the life course.

A) turning points
B) logical consequences
C) developmental stages
D) prorated formulations

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the legal doctrine that gives juvenile courts authority to assume parental responsibility when parents fail to provide adequate socialization and the youth is determined to be dependent and at-risk?

A) stare decisis
B) ethnocentrism
C) parens patriae
D) apprenticeship

Question 5

Colonial poor laws gave authority to the government to separate poor children from their parents.

Question 6

What were the first institutional facilities in the United States used to protect and reform poor, vagrant children?

A) houses of refuge
B) orphan trains
C) reform schools
D) group homes

Question 7

Ex parte Crouse was the 1838 Pennsylvania Supreme Court case that legitimated parens patriae authority in a house of refuge placement.

Question 8

Charles Loring Brace believed that the best placement for the "outcast child" was the:

A) house of refuge.
B) "poor house."
C) farmer's home.
D) detention facility.

Question 9

Early juvenile courts were created to have broad jurisdiction over almost all juvenile matters.

Question 10

Legal authority in juvenile courts was originally derived from:

A) presidential commmand.
B) judicial review.
C) the parens patriae doctrine in English equity law.
D) ecclesiastical mandate.

Question 11

Proceedings of early juvenile courts were intended to be primarily __________ in nature.

A) criminal
B) adversarial
C) informal and family-like
D) nocturnal

Question 12

Throughout much of the juvenile court's history, what has been the standard with regard to the criminal responsibility (culpability) of juveniles?

A) requisite criminal responsibility
B) diminished criminal responsibility
C) deferred criminal responsibility
D) enhanced criminal responsibility

Question 13

In cases such as in re Gault (1967) and in re Winship (1970), the U.S. Supreme Court introduced a ____________ orientation in juvenile court proceedings.

A) child welfare
B) diversionary
C) due process
D) balanced and restorative

Question 14

The case in re Winship (1970) was significant because the Supreme Court ruled that:

A) notice of charges in juvenile matters must be given in a timely and specific manner.
B) the right to counsel must be extended to juveniles in court hearing.
C) the burden of proof for juvenile matters was changed to "beyond a reasonable doubt."
D) the death penalty for juveniles was unconstitutional.

Question 15

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971) asserted that trial by jury is most likely to "destroy the traditional character of juvenile proceedings."

Question 16

What federal agency was created as a result of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974?

A) Federal Bureau of Delinquency Investigation (FBDI)
B) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
C) Federal Juvenile Court Initiative (FJCI)
D) Federal Project on Juvenile Delinquency (FPJD)

Question 17

Besides detention reform, what was the major area of change initiated by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974?

A) initiate a preventive approach to juvenile delinquency
B) reform police arrest practices
C) greater use of formal adjudication
D) use of SWAT teams as a gang intervention strategy

Question 18

The statutory authority of judges to transfer juvenile cases to adult court is referred to as:

A) adjudication.
B) inter-court compact.
C) judicial waiver.
D) statutory exclusion.

Question 19

Which of the following is not one of the four initiatives for punishment and accountability associated with the "get tough" approach to juvenile crime.

A) transfer provisions in state law
B) enhanced sentencing authority for juvenile courts
C) federal youth court jurisdiction
D) reduction in juvenile court confidentiality
E) juvenile offender accountability

Question 20

Contemporary juvenile justice reform is grounded in research in two principal areas:

A) adolescent development and evidence-based practice.
B) rehabilitation ineffectiveness and the deterrent effect.
C) habitual offending and low self-esteem.
D) offense specialization and assertiveness training.

Question 21

The following questions are on Reading 2.1: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (1998).
-Which of following is not defined as a neglected child?

A) a child who is homeless
B) a child who is living with a vicious or disreputable person
C) a child who is 17 and caught stealing food
D) a child under 8 years old who is selling things on the street

Question 22

The following questions are on Reading 2.1: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (1998).
-Who can notify the court of a neglected or delinquent child?

A) a child's teacher
B) a doctor
C) any respectable member of the community
D) All of the above.

Question 23

The following questions are on Reading 2.1: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (1998).
-According to the Illinois Juvenile Court Act, when is it legal for juvenile delinquents and adult offenders to be in the vicinity of each other?

A) when they are in the recreation yard
B) when they are passing each other in a building
C) when they are being housed, as long as they are in separate cells
D) never

Question 24

The following questions are on Reading 2.1: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (1998).
-What is the goal of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act?

A) To ensure that the children defined in this Act are dealt with in a way that most closely mirrors an effective parent.
B) To allow harsh punishment in order to deter delinquent children from continuing their delinquency.
C) To grant the federal government control over juvenile courts.
D) All of the above.

Question 25

The following questions are on Reading 2.2: National Research Council (2012).
-Which of the following is not one of the aims of juvenile courts and affiliated agencies in supporting the positive social development of youth who become involved in the juvenile justice system?

A) fairness
B) preventing reoffending
C) accountability
D) punishment

Question 26

The following questions are on Reading 2.2: National Research Council (2012).
-The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) was established to develop and disseminate criminological knowledge to the juvenile justice field.

Question 27

The following questions are on Reading 2.2: National Research Council (2012).
-Out-of-home, residential placement is a recommended form of rehabilitation for juveniles according to the National Research Council.

Question 28

The following questions are on Reading 2.2: National Research Council (2012).
-What is "adolescence" according to the National Research Council?

A) A developmental stage between childhood and adulthood, beginning at puberty and ending at the age of 18.
B) When a person is old enough to want to be an adult, but young enough so that no one takes him/her seriously.
C) A period when the body undergoes changes.
D) The period when an individual is in high school.

Question 29

The following questions are on Reading 2.2: National Research Council (2012).
-How do adolescents differ from adults?

A) Adolescents are more sensitive to external influences such as peer pressure and immediate rewards.
B) Adolescents are less able to regulate their own behavior in emotionally charged contexts.
C) Adolescents show less ability to make judgments and decisions that require future orientation.
D) All of the above.