Deck 11: International Development

Question 1

The primary source of remittances is:

A) international migrants
B) MNCs
C) Transfer payments
D) Private investors

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following countries reaches the goal of giving ODA amounting to 0.7 percent of its GNI?

A) Germany.
B) the United States.
C) Norway
D) Spain

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The only World Bank group institution that gives ODA, as the OECD defines the term, is the

A) IBRD.
B) IMF.
C) IDA.
D) IFC.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Name the World Bank group focused on loans to the private sector:

A) IBRD.
B) IMF.
C) IDA.
D) IFC.

Question 5

ISI as a development strategy for LDCs was focused on

A) more self-sufficiency
B) industrialization
C) agricultural competitiveness
D) creating MNCs

Question 6

The region most closely associated with ISI was

A) Latin America
B) South Asia
C) Africa
D) East Asia

Question 7

East Asia's strategy contrasted with Latin America by emphasizing:

A) Labor migration
B) Development of internal markets
C) Increasing linkages from commodities
D) Export development

Question 8

The "developmental state" is a concept closest to which theorists?

A) neomercantilists
B) dependency theorists
C) interventionist liberals
D) historical materialists

Question 9

The Washington Consensus was

A) an understanding that an LDC's preferred policies depended on its stage of development.
B) a belief that democratic government and a dominant private sector would lead to prosperity.
C) a belief that the market and the state complement each other.
D) a consensus that LDCs required more aid to deal with their financial problems.

Question 10

The strongest supporters of IMF and World Bank structural adjustment programs were

A) interventionist liberals.
B) neomercantilists.
C) orthodox liberals.
D) historical materialists.

Question 11

LDC women face many challenges because

A) those who work outside the home are often involved in agricultural production for export and domestic consumption.
B) they often must spend a good deal of time on unpaid subsistence work.
C) they must decide whether to focus on household work or on wage labor.
D) they face many household duties and rarely work outside the home.

Question 12

World Bank President Robert McNamara was closely associated with

A) a neomercantilist approach to development.
B) a trickle-down approach to development aid.
C) an orthodox liberal approach to development.
D) a basic needs approach to development aid.

Question 13

The Grameen Bank is a model for:

A) Poverty reduction
B) Gender equity
C) Microfinance
D) Trade adjustment

Question 14

The Comprehensive Development Framework and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers both

A) provide low-cost, short-term financial services.
B) are parts of the structural adjustment program.
C) are closely linked with the IMF and World Bank.
D) seek a more consultative rather than top-down process.

Question 15

Global ODA is about ¼ of total FDI.

Question 16

Most donors meet their ODA targets in terms of aid/GDP.

Question 17

Since most of the goals of the MDGs were met, the SDGs were adopted to push forward on new challenges.

Question 18

The United States has enough votes to wield control of the World Bank.

Question 19

ISI was a failure in terms of development progress from its introduction in in the 1950s.

Question 20

Under socialism in the 1960s, Tanzania was able to improve health and education outcomes.

Question 21

The World Bank opposed LDC import substitution industrialization policies during the 1950s because of its free-market oriented policies.

Question 22

The Washington Consensus suggests that free markets require democracy.

Question 23

The best World Bank structural adjustment programs largely ignored gender effects.

Question 24

World Bank President James Wolfensohn is credited with instituting the Comprehensive Development Framework.

Question 25

______________ have lower interest rates, longer grace periods, and longer repayment periods than commercial loans.

Question 26

The money that migrants earn abroad and send back to their home countries are ___________________.

Question 27

Through ____________ aid, recipients are required to purchase some goods and services from the donating country.

Question 28

_______________.refers to the provision of short-term, low-cost financial assistance to poor LDC households that do not have access to the main financial institutions.

Question 29

The _____________________ presents a contrast to the Washington Consensus because it supports a large state role in development.

Question 30

Why do you think ODA tends to be lower than pledged amounts? Examine the website of a prominent aid agency, such as DFID. Who are the domestic constituents and how is the budget formulated? To whom do they answer?

Question 31

Evaluate the debate around the effectiveness of using the arguments of Sachs vs. Easterly and Moyo. What are the strong and weak points of each perspective? Which do you agree with and why?

Question 32

What would the Marxist critique of the World Bank's role be? What is the substance of their argument? How should the World Bank be reformed?

Question 33

Why did ISI fail? Was it doomed to fail or could it have been reformed?