Deck 14: Intelligence

Question 1

Involving much more than "book smarts," this term describes a person's underlying general capacity to process complex information

A) practical intelligence
B) crystalized intelligence
C) general intelligence
D) domain-specific intelligence

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A person's score on virtually any of the tests Spearman administered could be used to predict that person's score on any of the other tests; this fact was termed by Spearman the

A) factor analysis
B) g-factor
C) fundamental theorem of intelligence
D) theorem of the indifference of the indicator

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The psychometric tradition of intelligence testing relies on this means of measuring intelligence.

A) survey analysis
B) experimental observation
C) standardized testing
D) behaviour analysis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The most commonly accepted statistic describing intelligence is

A) CQ
B) WAIS
C) IQ
D) EQ

Question 5

In order to develop a standardized test, the test must be administered to large groups of people so that future scores can be interpreted. The scores produced by large groups are called

A) functions
B) norms
C) IQs
D) trends

Question 6

The statistics pattern called the normal distribution is often referred to by this popular term.

A) the Pearson scale
B) the correlation
C) the bell curve
D) the learning curve

Question 7

Ninety-six percent of people's IQ scores fall between these two scores.

A) 80 and 100
B) 70 and 150
C) 85 and 115
D) 70 and 130

Question 8

An IQ score between about 50 and 70 may reflect mild mental retardation, if the person also demonstrates

A) behavioural difficulties
B) physical abnormalities
C) dyslexia
D) poor language skills

Question 9

All of the following aspects of life can be predicted reasonably well using a person's IQ score, EXCEPT:

A) academic performance
B) health and longevity
C) job performance
D) choice of career

Question 10

Which of the following uses of IQ scores represents the least biased and most reliable use?

A) using IQ as a measure of innate intelligence
B) using IQ to predict academic delinquency and truancy
C) using IQ to predict race and socioeconomic status
D) using IQ to predict academic performance and achievement

Question 11

In Howard Gardner's view, the entire notion of intelligence needs to be stretched to include talents that are socially valued. Gardner's view is called the theory of

A) multiple factors
B) triarchic intelligences
C) multiple intelligences
D) social intelligences

Question 12

According to Robert Sternberg, the original notion of g only underlies mental abilities that include solving problems through

A) practical reasoning
B) analogical reasoning
C) fluid reasoning
D) analytic reasoning

Question 13

Which of the following would NOT qualify as practical problems in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) How can I best organize my schedule to balance work and socializing?
B) How can I best solve this anagram?
C) How can I save up to buy myself a car?
D) How can I manage my studying time to get an A?

Question 14

All of the following are valid criticisms of the triarchic theory of intelligence, EXCEPT

A) It is very difficult to devise tests of practical and creative intelligence.
B) The theory is built on philosophically false assumptions about intelligence.
C) The three intelligences are correlated with each other.
D) The three intelligences are correlated with measures of general intelligence.

Question 15

This theory represents a compromise between theories of multiple intelligences and the theory of general intelligence.

A) triarchic theory of intelligence
B) three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities
C) five-factor model of personal ability
D) fluid theory of intelligence

Question 16

In Carrol's three-stratum theory of intelligence, general intelligence is equivalent to

A) Stratum I
B) Stratum II
C) Stratum III
D) Stratum general

Question 17

Behaviour genetics research has demonstrated that the split between genetic and environmental influences on IQ scores in most samples of individuals is

A) 60-40
B) 50-50
C) 80-20
D) 90-10

Question 18

In general, as a child ages, the influence of genes on IQ scores tends to

A) become more pronounced
B) become less important
C) become less pronounced
D) become more controversial

Question 19

Verbal intelligence is a measure of

A) our common sense
B) our cognitive abilities concerned with handling words
C) our ability to come up with efficient solutions to everyday problems
D) How well we can perform on an exam

Question 20

Practical intelligence is a measure of

A) our cognitive abilities concerned with handling numbers
B) our cognitive abilities concerned with handling words
C) our ability to come up with efficient solutions to everyday problems
D) How well we can perform on an exam

Question 21

Jean Piaget believed that intelligence was

A) about how well you could perform on standardized assessments
B) about your cognitive abilities concerned with handling words
C) about how well you could judge whether someone was in danger
D) about being able to adapt to the environment

Question 22

General intelligence is often abbreviated to

A) g
B) GI
C) Fundamental intelligence
D) WASI

Question 23

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale are both thought to measure individual difference in

A) numerical ability
B) common sense
C) general intelligence
D) verbal ability

Question 24

Charles Spearman used which statistical procedure when examining groups of test scores of cognitive ability

A) factor analysis
B) Spearman's-Rank
C) Analysis of Variance
D) t-test

Question 25

The theorem of the indifference of the indicator suggests that

A) just because an individual scores highly in one cognitive test, this cannot predict their performance on another test
B) there are individual difference in cognitive performance
C) scoring high on one test of cognitive ability suggests you will also score relatively highly on another test of cognitive abilities
D) intelligence follows the normal distribution

Question 26

Which of the following is the term of a psychiatric designation for a person who has difficulty acquiring very basic academic skills, problems in social relationships and who may need assistance in managing ordinary life tasks

A) Intelligence disorder
B) Profound giftedness
C) Profound intelligence disorder
D) Intellectual disability

Question 27

Furnham and Ritandelli-Tavaton (2011) found that IQ accounted for what percentage of variance in GCSE performance

A) 50%
B) 20%
C) 10%
D) 63%

Question 28

The Flynn effect describes

A) the steady decrease in raw scores on IQ tests that has characterised the late 20^th and early 21^st century
B) the steady increase in raw scores on IQ tests that has characterised the late 20^th and early 21^st century
C) A way to assess the consistency in IQ results between two time points
D) A way to assess how well one IQ test predicts performance on a different IQ test

Question 29

If a person is not representative of the group which their IQ test has been normed, the test is likely to be

A) accurate
B) higher
C) too long
D) biased

Question 30

The controversial idea by Richard Lynn that there are real difference in intelligence between populations of different countries is best known as

A) Differential processing
B) Cultural IQ
C) National IQ
D) The Lynn effect

Question 31

Whilst most scientific psychologists take the idea that intelligence describes something real, others hold that view that

A) Intelligence is a social construct
B) Intelligence is the same as common sense
C) Intelligence is essential for scientific progression
D) Intelligence is not important to study

Question 32

From a social constructivist view, intelligence derived as a

A) way to enhance science
B) way to help those who were less able
C) concept to maintain a social status quo
D) way to predict those who would go to university

Question 33

Assortative mating is when

A) Parents dissimilar in genetically influenced characterised tend to mate
B) Parents with complimentary genetics tend to mate
C) Parents similar in genetically influenced characteristics tend to mate
D) parents undergo screening to ensure good genetics before mating

Question 34

Almas et al (2016) followed up 107 fostered children from Romanian orphanages and found that

A) Those who achieved secure attachment later in life were more likely to have a normal range IQ by 12
B) Attachment style was not related to IQ
C) Those who achieved secure attachment early in life were more likely to have a normal range IQ by 12
D) Males and females differ in their attachment styles

Question 35

One reason to be cautious about the almost entirely genetic view is

A) there is little evidence of genetic basis to intelligence
B) genes differ depending on culture
C) there is a notable lack of candidate genes
D) genes change over time

Question 36

Heritability of intelligence implies

A) constraint
B) that IQ tests are not reliable measures of intelligence
C) that IQ is malleable
D) that IQ develops over time

Question 37

Hereditability figures may be misleading because

A) they are often biased by researchers
B) different tests may be used to assess heritability
C) they do not account for the effect of the environment
D) they do not have to add up to 100%

Question 38

Intelligence changes in response to environmental change, therefore intelligence is

A) genetic
B) malleable
C) constrained
D) a social construct

Question 39

IQ is calculated by

A) comparing the raw scores on IQ tests against population norms
B) comparing an individuals' performance on IQ tests over time
C) comparing the raw scores on one IQ test against another IQ test
D) comparing performance on an IQ test with a test of multiple intelligence

Question 40

IQ is normally distributed and the mean score for a population is set at

A) 0
B) 180
C) 150
D) 100

Question 41

Sterbergs' triarchic theory of intelligence is based on all of the following modes of intelligence EXCEPT:

A) analytical
B) verbal
C) creativity
D) practical

Question 42

Which of the following perspectives sees intelligence as a social construct

A) Developmental psychology
B) Critical psychology
C) Educational psychology
D) Biological psychology

Question 43

IQ tests were first developed in which country?

A) France
B) England
C) America
D) Sweden

Question 44

The eugenics movement is associated with which of the following

A) John Carroll
B) Charles Spearman
C) Lewis Terman
D) Francis Galton

Question 45

Fluid intelligence refers to the

A) skills or knowledge one acquires as a result of exposure to education and culture
B) innate analytic skills and abstract reasoning ability
C) 69 narrow abilities that make up intelligence
D) underlying factor that determines general intelligence

Question 46

Crystallized intelligence refers to the

A) skills or knowledge one acquires as a result of exposure to education and culture
B) innate analytic skills and abstract reasoning ability
C) 69 narrow abilities that make up intelligence
D) underlying factor that determines general intelligence

Question 47

The results from Dennis (1941) study on infant development under conditions of restricted practice and minimum social stimulation suggest that

A) Infant behavioural is innate and arises spontaneously without the need for intellectual or social stimulation
B) Normal infant development did not take place in the absence of intellectual and social stimulation
C) Cognitive development is not influenced by the environment
D) DZ twins and MZ twins show different patterns of cognitive development during infancy

Question 48

In Sternbergs' triarchic theory of successful intelligence, creative intelligence refers to the

A) ability to adapt to their environment effectively, solve everyday problems, and achieve personal goals
B) ability to solve the sorts of problems one would ordinarily find in an academic setting
C) ability to use insight and existing knowledge base to solve new problems and come up with new ideas-to think 'outside the box.
D) ability to produce high quality art work

Question 49

The distribution of IQ in the population is normal, with 68% of scores clustering between 85 and 115, with a mean of 100. An additional 28% of scores fall between 115 and 130 at the upper end and between 70 and 85 at the lower end

Question 50

IQ tests were initially designed to predict academic performance, and in that strict sense they are biased against specific groups such as women or people of colour

Question 51

All of the abilities characterized by Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence- including creative and practical intelligence-are correlated with scores on tests of general intelligence

Question 52

There is lack of evidence to show that environmental insults have a serious effect on intellectual development

Question 53

According to Horn and Cattell, crystalized intelligence is a largely innate ability characterized by analytic and abstract reasoning

Question 54

Charles Spearman proposed the theorem of the indifference of the indicator - that a persons score any test of mental ability can predict their score on another test of mental ability

Question 55

According to Sternberg practical intelligence is a person's ability to use insight to solve new problems and come up with new ideas

Question 56

Crystallized intelligence is used to refer to largely innate analytic and abstract reasoning skills

Question 57

It is important that IQ tests are normed appropriately against the population of interest to avoid bias

Question 58

Sternberg proposed the existence of multiple intelligence, consisting of seven distinct mental abilities

Question 59

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, _________intelligence is a person's ability to solve the sorts of problems one would ordinarily find in an academic setting

Question 60

IQ or __________is a measure of _____________, calculated by comparing the raw scores on IQ tests against population norms.

Question 61

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, _________intelligence is a person's ability to use insight and his or her existing knowledgebase to solve new problems and come up with new ideas.

Question 62

_________intelligence refers to largely innate analytic skills and abstract reasoning ability, whereas _________intelligence refers to skills or knowledge one acquires as a result of exposure to education and culture.

Question 63

An __________is a negative event that falls outside the normal range of experiences.

Question 64

Twin studies of IQ tend to find very __________between identical twins reared together.

Question 65

Names after James Flynn, the _________effect describes the steady increase in raw scores on _________tests that has characterised the late twentieth and early twenty-first century.

Question 66

The _________psychology perspective sees intelligence as a __________that has been used to justify racism and questions its existence as a real psychological entity.

Question 67

The genes that are likely to be associated with variations in intelligence are called _________genes. To date, there have been very few results to identify genetic variations associated with normal variations in____ _.

Question 68

__________takes place when parents similar in genetically influenced characteristics tend to mate.

Question 69

The notion of a single general intelligence (g) is a central component to theories of psychometric theories of intelligence. Pick two theories and describe the nature of general intelligence according to said theories

Question 70

Critically discuss evidence for genetic and environmental influences on intelligence. In your answer make reference to brain training.

Question 71

Is intelligence a real psychological entity or social construct? Discuss by making reference to research in support.

Question 72

Some researchers argue that IQ tests are not culturally appropriate. Discuss issues in testing IQ, with particular reference to the importance of norms and risks of cultural bias.