Deck 10: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Question 1

Researchers use ______ type of study to focus on a relationship in determining how two or more specific variables correlate.

A) a comparison study
B) a frequency study
C) participatory observation study
D) ethnographical study

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Investigators who may be interested in clarifying phenomena or events may achieve this through ______.

A) descriptive or some qualitative research methods
B) comparison study
C) correlational study
D) population study

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When the purpose statement denotes an attempt to identify phenomena, events, or exercises, he or she is using ______.

A) clarifying methods
B) quantitative methods
C) ethnographic methods
D) unreliable method

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Identifying whether a study involves a comparison or a relationship directs the researchers in choosing ______.

A) the appropriate variables
B) the proper operationalization of the variables
C) a statistical method
D) results evaluation

Question 5

The three types of hypotheses mentioned by Houser are null, nondirectional, and ______.

A) working
B) bidirectional
C) major
D) directional

Question 6

______ stated that the purpose statement should include delineation of the variables studied.

A) Burton
B) Spaulding
C) Lexell
D) Moore

Question 7

"The aim of this current study was to describe how women with spinal cord injuries perceive the importance of social support for participation in occupation" is an example of ______.

A) correlational methods
B) clarifying phenomena or events
C) population studied
D) understanding of the variables

Question 8

A study may be considered researchable if the independent variables, dependent variables, and/or variables of interest can be ______.

A) operationalized
B) quantified
C) qualified
D) identified

Question 9

H₀ µ₁≠µ₁ represents ______.

A) null hypothesis
B) alternative nondirectional hypothesis
C) alternative directional hypothesis
D) working hypothesis

Question 10

When there is enough evidence from previous research to suggest that there is likely to be a difference in groups but there is not enough evidence to predict the exact direction is referred to as ______.

A) null hypothesis
B) alternative nondirectional hypothesis
C) alternative directional hypothesis
D) working hypothesis

Question 11

______ type of hypothesis is used when the researcher has enough evidence from previous research to support the prediction of a direction of outcome.

A) null hypothesis
B) alternative nondirectional hypothesis
C) alternative directional hypothesis
D) working hypothesis

Question 12

A concern about whether the hypothesis is consistent with current theories is referred to as ______.

A) parsimony
B) validity
C) reliability
D) none of these

Question 13

In behavioral theory, phenomena must be ______.

A) observable
B) within the margin of error
C) open ended
D) transtheoretical

Question 14

Stating the hypothesis as concisely as possible is referred to as ______.

A) parsimonious
B) brevity
C) valid
D) reliable

Question 15

What is the rationale for treating research as indirect proof?

A) Data are collected from the population.
B) Data are collected from samples and may or may not be representative of the population.
C) One is never sure about the results.
D) There is bias in results.

Question 16

The purpose statement should not be based on the argument developed in the literature review.

Question 17

The purpose statement may be expressed in either a declarative statement or in the form of a question or questions.

Question 18

The purpose statement is typically found in the abstract review section of an article, toward the end of the review.

Question 19

In qualitative research and in quantitative descriptive studies, researchers typically do not have independent and dependent variables.

Question 20

When interpreting a study, readers of research articles do not need to know the specific population the results may be applied to.

Question 21

Research focusing on philosophical or vague ideas according to Moore (1983) is researchable.

Question 22

Even though the purpose statement may be only a sentence or two, it can provide the reader with significant information and clues about the type of study conducted the population of interest and the variable of interest.

Question 23

We all engage in hypothesis testing on a regular basis.

Question 24

In our everyday lives, we generally make predictions based on theory or previous research.

Question 25

According to Moore (1983), we can always prove a hypothesis.

Question 26

Identifying whether a study involves a ______ or a ______ directs the researches in choosing a statistical method.

Question 27

A ______ may be identified when the researcher, in the purpose statement, affirms that there will be an attempt to determine differences between two or more groups.

Question 28

In addition to ______ and ______, investigators may be interested in ______ or ______.

Question 29

Identify the independent and dependent variable(s) in this statement:
"The primary purpose of the present study was to test a new strategy for treating burnout and to compare it to the traditional strategy normally used in rehabilitation for burnout in Finland. We analyzed the short-term and long-term effects of both interventions on the outcome variables (burnout symptoms and perceived job conditions) over an intervention lasting one year."

Question 30

The independent and dependent variables should be clearly and concisely identified in the purpose statement when the researchers decide to use ______.

Question 31

In evaluating the purpose, a poorly written intent or goal or a study is a problem because the reader may not know whether the researchers have accomplished a(n) ______.

Question 32

A ______ is a formally stated expectation of outcomes.

Question 33

The difference between everyone engaging in hypothesis testing on a regular basis and the scientific approach is ______.

Question 34

A ______ is developed from a clear argument based on the literature review.

Question 35

A hypothesis may be used in research methods of: ______, ______, and ______ designs.

Question 36

Discuss the guidelines and questions for evaluating the purpose statement.

Question 37

Discuss the concept of Indirect Proof.

Question 38

Discuss the guidelines for evaluating Hypotheses?

Question 39

Discuss and provide example of the three types of Hypotheses.

Question 40

Discuss the study conducted by Henderson, Rosen, and Mascaro (2007) focusing on the healing aspects of the use of mandalas in relationship to the guidelines and questions associated with evaluating hypotheses.