Deck 11: Intellectual Disabilities

Question 1

From a medical view, an intellectual disability is a condition that manifests before the age of 18 in which there is significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Down syndrome and other conditions of genetic origin (e.g., fragile X syndrome, Angelman syndrome) are linked to intellectual disabilities.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Intellectual disability is the largest disability category for all racial/ethnic groups served under IDEA.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a prevalent, yet preventable, cause of intellectual disability.

Question 5

Children/youth with intellectual disabilities experience the same stages of learning as their peers without disabilities, but they learn at a slower rate and hence achieve less academically.

Question 6

When working with students who have profound intellectual disabilities, it is important to emphasize unstructured movement experiences.

Question 7

Teachers must be responsive to the individuality of each student with intellectual disabilities. For instance, a student with an intellectual disability may have a predisposition toward disruptive and aggressive behaviors that substitute for adequate communication skills. On the other hand, a different student with an intellectual disability may have a disposition that is passive, placid, and highly dependent on support from others.

Question 8

Social factors (such as the level of child stimulation and adult responsiveness) and educational factors (such as the availability of family and educational supports that can promote mental development and greater adaptive skills) can contribute to intellectual disabilities.

Question 9

Children and youth with intellectual disabilities often have higher levels of health-related fitness than peers without disabilities.

Question 10

Generally speaking, a student with fetal alcohol syndrome may experience difficulties in fine motor skill execution and coordination and display hyperactivity and stubbornness.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best description of intellectual disabilities?

A) A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written.
B) A disorder caused by a dysfunction in the CNS in which the brain finds difficulty distinguishing between activities that require more focus and planning and activities for which quick, impulsive actions are needed.
C) A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written.
D) A disorder in which an individual has a significantly lower-than-average IQ level and has deficits in functional living skills and adaptive behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following instructional strategies is not recommended in teaching students with intellectual disabilities?

A) Concrete instruction-this means emphasizing only the most important task cues and multisensory experiences (e.g., demonstrations, prompts, music).
B) Data-based teaching to monitor and chart a student's progress.
C) Move from unfamiliar to familiar in introducing new tasks.
D) Consistency and predictability in establishing learnable class routines to help students anticipate a teacher's behavior.

Question 13

Which statement best describes the motor activity training program (MATP) of the Special Olympics?

A) It is designed for athletes with mild intellectual disability who are unable to participate in official Paralympics sport competitions because of their skill and/or functional abilities.
B) It is designed for athletes with intellectual disability who are unable to participate in International Olympics sport competitions because of their skill and/or functional abilities.
C) It is designed for athletes with severe or profound intellectual disability who are unable to participate in official Special Olympics sport competitions because of their skill and/or functional abilities.
D) It is designed for athletes with any type of disability who are unable to participate in official Paralympics sport competitions because of their skill and/or functional abilities.

Question 14

What percentage of youth with Down syndrome have a condition called atlantoaxial instability?

A) About 70 percent.
B) About 33 percent.
C) About 73 percent.
D) About 17 percent.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is least accurate about atlantoaxial instability?

A) It is a condition of instability between the first and second cervical vertebr', whereby the ligaments and muscles surrounding this joint are lax and may result in the vertebr' easily dislocating from its normal alignment.
B) It is never a life-threatening condition; nonetheless dislocation due to atlantoaxial instability is a painful experience.
C) Youths with Down syndrome should be examined by medical personnel using X-ray technology to determine whether they have atlantoaxial instability before engaging in any type of activities that might place stress on the upper cervical spine/vertebr' region of the body.
D) Teachers must be cautious about allowing students with Down syndrome, especially those without medical clearance, to participate in such activities as heading in soccer, gymnastics, diving, butterfly stroke in swimming, pentathlon, tumbling, and any type of activities that place pressure on the head and neck muscles.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is most accurate about the total population of any society that has intellectual disabilities?

A) About 32% has intellectual disabilities.
B) About 3% has intellectual disabilities.
C) About 13% has intellectual disabilities.
D) About 73% has intellectual disabilities.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is least accurate about teaching students with intellectual disabilities?

A) When preparing to teach students with intellectual disabilities, physical educators will find it helpful to consult the student, the student's IEP, parents or caregiver, as well as IEP team members and teachers.
B) Students with this condition tend to struggle in closed sports even with modifications, thus the curriculum should exclude such activities as archery, conditioning exercises, weightlifting, and 'robic dancing.
C) Students with this condition tend to be less physically active, yet are highly in need of muscular strengthening and conditioning exercises.
D) Students with Down syndrome may need to avoid or engage carefully in strenuous endurance activities because they often have cardiovascular abnormalities, even in the absence of congenital heart disease.

Question 18

In teaching students with intellectual disabilities, physical education teachers should avoid which of the following strategies?

A) Provide complex instruction to strength the student's cognitive abilities and reasoning, which should include lengthy and complicated explanations.
B) Keep students engaged in lesson activities through peer partnering.
C) Use consistent daily routines and warm-ups.
D) Use well-planned lessons with fun activities.

Question 19

Which statement is false about individuals with intellectual disabilities?

A) According to the World Health Organization, two to three percent of individuals in the general population have some level of intellectual disability.
B) It is estimated that more than 300 million people worldwide and 7.5 million people in the United States have intellectual disabilities.
C) Severe levels of intellectual disabilities are much more common than mild levels, accounting for an estimated 65 to 75 percent of all cases worldwide.
D) Intellectual disabilities are most common among individuals living in rural areas and those from low-income families.

Question 20

Which statement is most accurate about students with Prader-Willi syndrome?

A) They may not benefit much from 'robic activities, swimming, and resistance strength training (weight conditioning) exercise programs.
B) They certainly should exercise; in fact, it is critical to their health that they do.
C) They should exercise at frequencies and intensities much less than their peers without this condition in order to protect them from undue fatigue.
D) It is not okay for them to participate in moderate to vigorous exercise; in fact, it is critical to their safety that they avoid vigorous physical activity.