Deck 12: Modernization

Question 1

When you ask people what they think of changes going on in their society, most people say that things:

A) are getting worse
B) are getting better
C) stay the same

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What does the stylized fact "wealth and health progress" reveal?

A) in western countries, there is an association between wealth and health
B) in developing countries, the relationship between poverty and health is becoming increasingly stronger over time
C) poverty has declined, and standards of living and life expectancy have increased

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is another word for Weber's idea of rationalization (and which has more or less the same meaning)?

A) cumulative culture
B) scientization
C) modernization

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which mechanism can help understanding the exponential growth of scientific knowledge?

A) status bias
B) availability heuritisic
C) self-reinforcing process

Question 5

What is a example of the primary mode of subsistence?

A) making fire using a magnifying glass
B) making copper spears
C) foraging uncultivated plants

Question 6

Pro-choice values are an example of:

A) survival values
B) individualism
C) collectivism

Question 7

Scholars have tested the modernization and individualization proposition in various ways. What did the empirical evidence show? There is:

A) strong evidence for the proposition
B) mixed evidence for the proposition
C) weak evidence for the proposition

Question 8

What is the change within a population towards extremely low fertility levels called?

A) fertility transition
B) demographic transition
C) second demographic transition

Question 9

The question 'Why are human beings so pessimistic about societal changes?' is an example of:

A) a descriptive question
B) an theoretical question
C) an application question

Question 10

What is meant by 'optimism gap'?

A) people are more positive about their personal lives than they are about society
B) people are more positive about society than they are about their personal lives
C) people in modern countries are more positive than people in pre-modern countries

Question 11

Which theory is used to explain the rationalization process?

A) social network theory
B) social resource theory
C) social learning theory

Question 12

Imagine you learn something from your peers. This is an example of:

A) vertical diffusion
B) horizontal diffusion
C) many-to-many transmission

Question 13

The idea that almost everyone in the world is able to share his or her opinions to almost anyone else in the world is called:

A) one-to-one transmission
B) one-to-many transmission
C) many-to-many transmission