Deck 9: The Goals and Process of Punishment

Question 1

The "focal concerns" of judges at sentencing are:

A) Public protection, blameworthiness, and practical considerations.
B) Public protection, blameworthiness, and just deserts.
C) Public protection, equality, and blameworthiness.
D) Public protection, blameworthiness, and severity of offense.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

__________ is a purpose of punishment based on the idea that punishment of the individual offender produces benefits for the future by making the crime less attractive.

A) Just deserts
B) Deterrence
C) Restorative justice
D) Treatment

Answer 2

B

Question 3

________ suggests that punishment serves to prevent future crime, but not by education or fear. Rather, it prevents future crimes by removing opportunities for crimes.

A) Death penalty
B) Treatment
C) Incapacitation
D) Just deserts

Answer 3

C

Question 4

_______ is the only justification for criminal punishment that is not "forward looking".

A) Restorative justice
B) Incapacitation
C) Treatment
D) Just deserts

Question 5

_______ deterrence occurs when the object of the deterrent effect is the specific offender.

A) General deterrence
B) Specific deterrence
C) Criminal deterrence
D) Public deterrence

Question 6

In ___________ sentencing systems, the legislature establishes a range of penalties (minimum to maximum) and the judge is then authorized to impose a sentence that is not less than the minimum and not more than the maximum.

A) Presumptive
B) Determinate
C) Indeterminate
D) Mandatory minimum

Question 7

In ___________ sentencing systems, the judge and parole authority have no sentencing power.

A) Determinate
B) Presumptive
C) Mandatory minimum
D) Indeterminate

Question 8

________ refers to the unequal treatment of similar offenders at sentencing.

A) Discrimination
B) Racism
C) Sexism
D) Disparity

Question 9

A ________ term is one in which each sentence must be served in order, one following the other.

A) Concurrent
B) Consecutive
C) Felony
D) Misdemeanor

Question 10

In 1995, Congress passed legislation calling for states to develop ______________. As such, those convicted of violent offenses are to serve at least 85% of the term they receive.

A) Mandatory minimum sentences
B) Indeterminate sentences
C) Truth in sentencing
D) Intermediate sanctions

Question 11

Often during violent offenses among friends and family, the crimes are more rational than emotional.

Question 12

According to deterrence theory, punishment is an example of what awaits law violators and serves to educate would-be offenders, so that they will weigh the costs of crime against its benefits.

Question 13

Evidence supporting the effectiveness of deterrence is mixed.

Question 14

Treatment penalties assume an "identity of conflict" between the state and the offender.

Question 15

24 states have created sentencing commissions, formal bodies assigned to assess and oversee criminal sentencing and recommend reforms.

Question 16

The number of death penalty sentences has significantly increased since the 1990s.

Question 17

Time spent in jail after conviction but before going to prison generally counts toward a prison sentence.

Question 18

A false positive refers to someone who is predicted to be safe but who turns out to be dangerous.

Question 19

The responsivity principle of the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model states that every offender will react identically to the treatment offered.