Deck 13: Criminal Justice in the Future: Issues and Concerns

Question 1

The United States has the largest penal population in the world with over _____ incarcerated adults.

A) 50,000
B) 150,000
C) 1 million
D) 2 million

Answer 1

2 million

Question 2

The theft or taking of money or property by a person who is charged by an employer or other authority to be responsible for those assets.

A) Embezzlement
B) Burglary
C) Theft
D) fraud

Answer 2

Embezzlement

Question 3

In the 1970s, the United States released patients from secure mental health facilities. Which term best describes this policy?

A) Deinstitutionalization
B) Recidivism
C) Net-widening
D) institutionalization

Answer 3

Deinstitutionalization

Question 4

Which is typically true of prison inmates?

A) They have less than 12 years of schooling
B) They score low on cognitive tests
C) They have low functional literacy
D) All of the above

Question 5

Incarceration rates are not evenly distributed across the U.S. population, but rather are concentrated in neighborhoods with which characteristic?

A) High rates of poverty
B) Violence
C) Failing social institutions
D) All of the above

Question 6

This term refers to the increased reliance on incarceration, surveillance, and law enforcement and its relationship to the establishment of for-profit incarceration and probation/parole services, and businesses that supply goods and services to prisons and jails.

A) Prisonization
B) Recidivism
C) Prison-industrial complex
D) fascism

Question 7

Why is "war" a problematic term when applying it to crime, as in "war on crime?"

A) War requires little effort
B) The idea of the individual thrives during war
C) The "enemy" consists of regular citizens, just like us
D) All of the above

Question 8

From a criminal offense standpoint, how are drugs related to crime?

A) Offenses are committed by people who use illegal drugs.
B) Offenses are committed by people who need money to buy illegal drugs.
C) Offenses are committed among drug dealers.
D) All of the above

Question 9

In 2020, Virginia lessened and/or removed some penalties for the possession of small amounts of marijuana. Which term best describes this?

A) Legalization
B) Normalization
C) Decriminalization
D) regulation

Question 10

One study points out that the population of the United States accounts for about five percent of the world population, but it incarcerates about _____ of the world's prison inmates.

A) 10%
B) 5%
C) 25%
D) 20%

Question 11

Which is a target-hardening technique?

A) Improving education
B) Security camerias
C) Funding drug rehabilitation programs
D) All of the above

Question 12

Which is not part of the prison infrastructure?

A) GED programs
B) Correctional officers
C) Weapons
D) Fences and gates

Question 13

Technology can help police departments acquire as much information as possible and to evaluate that information quickly and efficiently. However, issues related to the individual right to privacy in this constitutional amendment has raised many concerns.

A) Eighth Amendment
B) Second Amendment
C) Fourth Amendment
D) Sixth Amendment

Question 14

Which is not one of the four elements of the "new professionalism" in policing?

A) Accountability
B) Legitimacy
C) Innovation
D) truculence

Question 15

Which does the USA PATRIOT Act do?

A) It reduces judicial oversight of telephone and Internet surveillance
B) It permits federal law enforcement to hire more officers and staff
C) It reinforces federal law against discrimination
D) All of the above

Question 16

Under the USA PATRIOT Act, to intercept email and cell phone data, the federal government does not need to show this as required under the Fourth Amendment.

A) Reasonable doubt
B) Probable cause
C) Preponderance of the evidence
D) Clear and convincing evidence

Question 17

This legislation limits the government's ability to collect information that cannot be directly connected to terrorism.

A) USA FREEDOM Act
B) MANN Act
C) SHIELD Act
D) VOTE Act

Question 18

Why might a former convicted felon have trouble finding a job?

A) Employment restrictions prevent many felons from working in specific sectors.
B) Negligent hiring laws expose employers to liability when they hire people with a criminal record.
C) Employers are less likely to call applicants with criminal records.
D) All of the above

Question 19

What effect does the high incarceration rate have on society?

A) Thousands of people accrue full citizenship rights.
B) It takes money from social programs designed to address the causes of crime
C) Former inmates are socially incorporated.
D) All of the above

Question 20

From the 1960s to the 1990s, some legislators and criminal justice administrators advocated that a punitive incarceration policy was the best way to address this.

A) torpid social change
B) a sluggish economy
C) correctional officer unemployment
D) rising crime

Question 21

In 2019, the city of San Francisco banned the use of this by law enforcement.

A) Handcuffs
B) Cell phones
C) Facial recognition software
D) All of the above

Question 22

According to a survey by the International Association of Chiefs of Police and the Urban Institute, more than _____ of police officers gather information about crime from social media.

A) 10%
B) 26%
C) 100%
D) 70%

Question 23

FBI employees were caught using a National Security Agency database intended to _____ to spy on relatives and gather information on nearly anyone they wanted to.

A) Monitor foreign intelligence threats
B) Watch the Taliban
C) Monitor White House safety
D) Collect information about pedophiles

Question 24

It is likely that this will continue to create tensions between those who make and enforce the law and those upon whom the law is implemented.

A) The prevalence of firearms
B) The widening disparity between socioeconomic classes
C) The way that race, sex, and gender continue to divide groups of people
D) All of the above

Question 25

The task of the criminal justice system is to enforce the law with fairness and concern for the dignity of citizens.

Question 26

Prison does not make many offenders better citizens, but rather accelerates their criminal careers.

Question 27

The diversion of resources from crime toward the war on drugs has had little effect on the criminal justice system.

Question 28

Tax revenue is one of the several perceived advantages to the legalization of marijuana according to its proponents.

Question 29

Prisoners, parolees, probationers, convicted sex offenders, and others with criminal records are routinely denied rights and responsibilities, as well as access to many public benefits.

Question 30

Under Sections 214 and 216 of the USA PATRIOT Act, the federal government may monitor and intercept email and cell phone usage without first being required either to have a court order or to report such activities to judicial oversight.

Question 31

Too many traffic violations can sabotage a career in law enforcement before it even begins.

Question 32

State and local governments have been forced to release inmates well before the completion of their sentences because of prison overcrowding.

Question 33

Over the past 15 years, crime has increased in many parts of the country, and many communities are not as safe as they once were.

Question 34

The children of incarcerated parents tend to have few or inadequate role models.

Question 35

Prisons and jails are a good place to learn skills that are useful in legitimate society.

Question 36

The political mandate to get tough on crime, along with mandatory minimum sentences and three-strikes policies have resulted in a depressed rate of incarceration.

Question 37

In the 1950s, President Harry S. Truman warned the American public about the military-industrial complex, a runaway system in which corporations sold weapons systems to the U.S. government that it did not really need.

Question 38

Fighting crime is exactly the same as fighting a war.

Question 39

Although drug abuse has caused suffering in individuals, it can be argued that the war on drugs has had an even more deleterious effect on society.