Deck 6: Volcanoes

Question 1

What has NO influence on the viscosity of magma?

A) its composition
B) the amount of dissolved gases it contains
C) its temperature
D) the amount of water dissolved in the magma
E) its color

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-Shield volcano

A) Crater Lake
B) Columbia River Plateau
C) Island of Hawaii
D) Paracutin
E) Mount Fuji

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-Flood basalt

A) Crater Lake
B) Columbia River Plateau
C) Island of Hawaii
D) Paracutin
E) Mount Fuji

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-Cinder cone

A) Crater Lake
B) Columbia River Plateau
C) Island of Hawaii
D) Paracutin
E) Mount Fuji

Question 5

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-Stratovolcano

A) Crater Lake
B) Columbia River Plateau
C) Island of Hawaii
D) Paracutin
E) Mount Fuji

Question 6

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-Caldera

A) Crater Lake
B) Columbia River Plateau
C) Island of Hawaii
D) Paracutin
E) Mount Fuji

Question 7

What is VEI?

A) Volcanic Entity Identity
B) Volcanic Explosivity Index
C) Volcanism Explosive Integer
D) Volcanic Expiration Integer
E) Volcanism Ending It

Question 8

What is not taken into account by the VEI?

A) the amount of material ejected from a volcano
B) how many landslides are caused by the volcano
C) how long the explosion lasts
D) how often the volcano erupts
E) how high the ejected material rises

Question 9

The Unzen volcano (VEI of 2) in Japan in 1792 killed more people than Mt. St. Helens (VEI of 5) in 1980. Why is this?

A) The Unzen volcano was a larger eruption than Mt. St. Helens.
B) The Unzen volcano lasted longer than Mt. St. Helens.
C) The Unzen volcano emitted more gases and dust into the atmosphere than Mt. St. Helens.
D) The Unzen volcano triggered a tsunami and lahar.
E) The Unzen volcano was a more explosive eruption than Mt. St. Helens.

Question 10

The depression in which Crater Lake is now located is the result of the top of Mt. Mazama being blown off in a cataclysmic eruption.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of pyroclastic material?

A) tephra
B) pumice
C) dome
D) bomb
E) ash

Question 12

Volcanoes can form everywhere, except:

A) at hotspots.
B) at subduction zones.
C) at divergent plate boundaries.
D) at ocean-continent convergent plate boundaries.
E) in Los Angeles.

Question 13

Where does most of the Earth's volcanism occur?

A) at hotspots.
B) at subduction zones.
C) at divergent plate boundaries.
D) at ocean-continent convergent plate boundaries.
E) in Los Angeles.

Question 14

Paricutin in Mexico is an example of a volcanic lava dome.

Question 15

Cinder cone activity usually lasts millions of years.

Question 16

Mafic magmas usually contain high amount of silicon and low amounts of iron.

Question 17

Volcanic activity is commonplace on the Earth. 50-70 volcanoes erupt per year and there are many active volcanoes that geologists are observing.

Question 18

What process occurs when magma differentiates?

A) a volcano explodes
B) silica poor minerals crystallize, changing the composition of the magma
C) it rises in the crust
D) the pressure on a magma increases
E) the shape of a volcano changes

Question 19

What are some volcanic hazards that could face a geologist working on a volcano?

A) suffocation by gases emitted by the volcano
B) earthquakes caused by moving magma
C) landslides triggered by the volcano
D) getting burned by lava
E) all of the above

Question 20

Hawaii is an example of a(n):

A) hot spot.
B) ocean-ocean transform plate boundary.
C) continent-continent divergent plate boundary.
D) ocean-continent convergent plate boundary.
E) ocean-ocean divergent plate boundary.

Question 21

What is a lahar?

A) a vent where gases escape the volcano
B) a basaltic dome that erupts after the main volcanic explosions end
C) a landslide triggered by a volcano
D) a type of magma that contains high amounts of silica
E) an example of pyroclastic material

Question 22

What are the different types of basalt lava flows?

A) pahoehoe and aa
B) tephra and ash
C) nuee ardente and lahar
D) caldera and dome
E) surge and base flow

Question 23

Lava flows are the main hazard of:

A) stratovolcanoes.
B) calderas.
C) cinder cones.
D) shield volcanoes.
E) subduction zones.

Question 24

How do volcanoes affect people?

A) Houses, buildings, roads, and fields can get covered with ash.
B) If the ashfall is really heavy it can make it impossible to breathe.
C) Lava flows are almost always too slow to run over people, but they can certainly run over houses, roads, and any other structures.
D) Pyroclastic flows are so hot and choking that if you are caught in one it will kill you.
E) All of the above.

Question 25

How do Volcanologists predict volcanic eruptions?

A) They monitor gases emitted by a volcano, which increase in concentration before a volcanic eruption.
B) They monitor earthquakes, which increase in frequency before a volcanic eruption.
C) They watch the shape of a volcano, which increases in steepness before a volcanic eruption.
D) They use satellites to predict eruptions.
E) All of the above.

Question 26

At a volcano alert level of orange, the volcano:

A) is at a non-eruptive state.
B) is showing decreased volcanic activity but needs to be monitored for possible renewed increase.
C) the volcano is dormant.
D) is exhibiting signs of escalated unrest with increasing potential of eruption.
E) is ready to erupt soon and will likely emit significant amounts of ash.

Question 27

The most explosive volcanoes build:

A) Shield volcanoes.
B) Stratovolcanoes.
C) Cinder cones.
D) Flood basalts.
E) Intraplate volcanoes.

Question 28

Which of the following are common volcanic gases?

A) carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
B) helium, neon, and argon
C) iron and magnesium
D) silicon and oxygen
E) hydrogen and helium

Question 29

Geologist classify pyroclastic material by:

A) its size and condition when ejected (molten or solid, hot or cold).
B) how high it travels.
C) how long it is able to stay in the air.
D) where it goes.
E) what plate tectonic setting the volcano is.

Question 30

Volcanic eruptions of gas and ash can affect global climate.

Question 31

Explosive volcanoes are generally mafic in composition.

Question 32

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-aa

A) a type of rock made up of consolidated volcanic ash
B) long narrow opening on a volcano
C) rocky, blocky basaltic flow
D) a plume of magma that pierces the Earth's lithosphere
E) said of material forcibly ejected from a volcano

Question 33

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-fissure

A) a type of rock made up of consolidated volcanic ash
B) long narrow opening on a volcano
C) rocky, blocky basaltic flow
D) a plume of magma that pierces the Earth's lithosphere
E) said of material forcibly ejected from a volcano

Question 34

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-tuff

A) a type of rock made up of consolidated volcanic ash
B) long narrow opening on a volcano
C) rocky, blocky basaltic flow
D) a plume of magma that pierces the Earth's lithosphere
E) said of material forcibly ejected from a volcano

Question 35

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-pyroclastic

A) a type of rock made up of consolidated volcanic ash
B) long narrow opening on a volcano
C) rocky, blocky basaltic flow
D) a plume of magma that pierces the Earth's lithosphere
E) said of material forcibly ejected from a volcano

Question 36

Match the following options to its correct definition.
-hot spot

A) a type of rock made up of consolidated volcanic ash
B) long narrow opening on a volcano
C) rocky, blocky basaltic flow
D) a plume of magma that pierces the Earth's lithosphere
E) said of material forcibly ejected from a volcano

Question 37

Which of the following is used to estimate a volcano's VEI?

A) the volume of material ejected from a volcano
B) the height at which the volcanic cloud reaches
C) how long the eruption lasts
D) the lava's viscosity
E) all of the above.

Question 38

What is pahoehoe?

A) gasses that come from volcanoes
B) blocky lava
C) a made up, silly word
D) smooth, ropy lava
E) ash that comes out of volcanoes

Question 39

Volcanoes associated with the Cascadia Subduction Zone are:

A) located near a divergent plate boundary.
B) historically have erupted with a low VEI.
C) are not considered a hazard in the U.S..
D) called hot spot volcanoes.
E) located in Oregon, Washington and northern California.

Question 40

The most violent types of volcanic eruptions are associated with:

A) convergent plate boundaries.
B) silica-rich lava.
C) lavas that contain a lot gas.
D) a high VEI number.
E) all of the above.

Question 41

Mafic volcanoes have characteristics of all of the following except:

A) they are typically found at hot spots.
B) their magma has lower amounts of silica compared to felsic magmas.
C) they do not erupt as violently as felsic volcanoes.
D) they are typically found at subduction zones.
E) their magmas do not contain as much gas as felsic magmas.

Question 42

Volcanic fog or VOG is a type of air pollution related to volcanoes.

Question 43

Hawaiian volcanoes are all shield volcanoes. What are shield volcanoes? Are they hazardous?

Question 44

What is a nuee ardente? Is it a threat?

Question 45

What influences how hazardous a volcano will be? What is the Volcanic Explosivity Index?

Question 46

What is the difference between magma and lava? Does the composition of the magma or lava affect how dangerous a volcano will be? Can dissolved gases and water change the properties of magma? Explain your answer.

Question 47

Volcanoes on planets and moons other than Earth are typically larger, often by significant factors. What factors do you think control the type, size, explosivity of volcanoes on other planets?

Question 48

Can geologists help to protect people from advancing lava flows? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

Question 49

Can volcanic eruptions affect climate? How?

Question 50

Can geologists predict when a volcano will erupt? How do volcanologists try to predict eruptions?

Question 51

Can volcanoes occur anywhere? What influences if a volcano will form?